• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1988

Lespedeza species have been widely used not only as plant resources for bark, leaves and honey, but also as erosion control materials. This study was carried out to investigate the structural and wood tiber characteristics in order to obtain basic information for the utilization of the wood. The wood structure was investigated for 10 selected species and the wood fiber, for the 5 selected species among Lespedeza species distributed all over the country. The following results were obtained. In the cross section, campylotropis showed ray diffuse porous wood, L. bicolor, L. cyrtobotrya, L. thunbergii var. intermedia, diffuse porous wood, and L. tomentella, L. angustifolioides. L. maritima, L. robusta, L. patentibicolor, ring porous wood. The maximum diameter of a single vessel ranged 66-123 ${\mu}$ in all species. Campylotropis showed the most number of vessels, L. angustifolioides, the least. The number of ray per mm ranged 7-22, Campylotropis showed the most number of rays, L. angustifolioides, the least. In the radial section the average length of vessel ranged 121-250 ${\mu}$ in all species. L. thunbergii var. intermedia showed the longest vessel, L. tomentella, the shortest. In tangential section the average width of the uniseriate ray ranged 9.2-14.7${\mu}$, that of the multiseriate ray, 19.2-42.1 ${\mu}$. The average height of the uniseriate ray ranged 143.0-1162.0 ${\mu}$. The width of fiber ranged 10.12-13.61 ${\mu}$, L. maximowiezii showed the narrowest tiber, L. thunbergii var. intermedia. the widest, the thickness of fiber wall ranged 2.93-3.71 ${\mu}$ in the five species. L. maximowiezii showed the most thin fiber wall, L. thunbergii var. intermedia, the thickest, L. cyrtobotrya showed the difference in the size of fiber between the shade and the sunny sites but L. maximowiezii showed no difference. There was significant difference in fiber length, fiber width and wall thickness between L. eyrtobotrya and L. maximowiezii.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2013

서울 동관왕묘(보물 제142호) 소조상은 균열, 박리, 박락 및 탈락 등의 물리적 훼손과 먼지 오염물, 색상별 안료의 부분변색 등 손상이 발생하였다. 초음파 측정을 통해 소조상 내부의 물리적 훼손상태를 확인한 결과, 우장군 전면 하단부에서 가장 낮은 저속도대가 나타났다. 안료층의 결함상태는 적외선열화상 조사를 통해 정량적으로 평가하였으며, 박락부분에서 고온영역이 확인되었다. 감마선과 적외선 TV 촬영, 주사전자현미경 관찰 결과, 소조상은 목심으로 기초를 만들고 연결부위는 가는 철사를 이용하여 고정하였다. 고정된 목심은 새끼줄로 밀착 후 소조토로 성형하였다. 소조토는 균열과 탈락방지를 위해 볏짚을 혼합하였으며, 한지와 면섬유를 덧발라 안료층과 구분한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.591-601
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• 2021

Recently it is trend to increase wood use as carbon neutral materials, there is recognized to need necessarily durability improvement of wooden building. It is very rare to report existing on the identification of isolates causing discoloration in domestic weathered wooden building used for long period. The objective of this study was identification of fungi that cause discoloration on the exteriors of weathered domestic wooden buildings in the southern part of South Korea. Our findings can be helpful to establish protection technology for weather deterioration of domestic wooden buildings. Wood chip samples presumed to be contaminated with sapstain fungi were collected from the surface of wooden members used in wooden buildings at Jangheung, Jeollanam-do (two locations, #13 and #14), and Jeju Island (two locations, #31 and #33). The growth of microorganisms was confirmed by performing culture tests for the collected samples, and fungi were isolated, purified, and identified. The results indicated that the fungal strains isolated from wooden buildings #13 and #14 at Jangheung, Jeollanam-do, were 99.83% and 100% homologous to Aureobasidium melanogenum, respectively. For wooden building #31 at Jeju Island (two locations), the fungal strain isolated was 100% homologous to A. melanogenum, which is the same species isolated from the wooden buildings at Jangheung. The fungal strain isolated from wooden building #33 (Jeju Island) had 99.83% homology with A. pullulans, which is commonly found in wood degraded by weather or ultraviolet rays. Our findings can be utilized as a basis for establishing protection technology in domestic wooden buildings.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

This study was carried out on the process of natural dye substances which can flock ultraviolet rays without producing harmful substances by pollution, germs, etc. While making human body safe in contact, extracting Gardenia, Sappan wood, Radix scutellariae, Cromwell, Mugwort, Gallnut, Lac. Those are used for curing diseases, dyeing silk cloth with those extracts, and examining the color fastness, Ultraviolet protection. From this study, the following conclusion was produced. Brightness was lower in pre-mordanting than in post. And color difference showed that Radix scutellariae was the highest. Aluminum-mordanting showed a higher color difference than Fe. Colorfastness to washing was high in all samples, and the degree of color-changing by washing was the highest in the sample dyed by gardenia, pre-mordanted gallnut showed the highest degree. Colorfastness to perspiration was the highest in gardenia. UV-A test showed that all samples a high rate of 85% or higher compared with test white cloth. Especially, post-mordanted radix scutellariae, pre-mordanted gallnut and post-mordanted sappanwood showed a superior blocking rate.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.81-94
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• 1984

Anatomical features and cell dimensions of the secondary xylem in the stem of the korean Lauraceas including 6 genera and 12 species were investigated under a light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Key to identification among genera or species was made from the anatomical features and systematic correlation investigated. The stem woods of Lauraceae exhibit the following characters: (1) quite evenly distributed pores (diffuse-porous wood) (2) perforation plates simple or occasionally scalariform in the latewood vessels (3) almostly 2-seriate and heterocellular rays (4) abundant paratracheal-vasicentric parenchyma (5) oil cells. Especially, the appearance of simple perforation plates suggest the Lauraceae to be more or less advanced. It is considered that the series of specialization in the Lauraceae from the perforation plates and the height of rays is as LinderalongrightarrowNeolitsealongrightarrow(Machilus, Litsea, Iozoste)longrightarrowCinnamomum, and Lindera sericea is the most pribitive in the Lauraceae.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권1호통권129호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2005

본 연구는 섬잣나무(Pinus parviflora S. et Z.) 지재에 발달되어 있는 압축이상재, 측면재 및 대응재의 조직학적 특성을 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 비교, 검토하였다. 조재로부터 만재로의 가도관 이행은 압축이상재가 측면재나 대응재보다 상대적으로 더 점진적이었다. 그리고 연륜폭과 만재율은 압축이상재가 측면재 혹은 대응재보다 큰 경향을 보였다. 횡단면상 만재 가도관의 형상에 있어 정방형 내지 다각형을 나타내는 측면재 및 대응재와는 달리 압축이상재는 원형을 나타냈다. 세포간극, 나선강, 나선째짐 및 슬릿형 벽공구는 압축이상재에만 발달하였다. 그러나 우상층은 측면재 및 대응재뿐만 아니라 압축이상재 가도관에서도 모두 관찰되었다. 압축이상재의 교분야벽공은 정상적인 창상형 벽공이 아니라 심한 변형을 통해 편백형 내지 삼나무형 벽공을 나타내기 때문에 식별 인자로 이용될 수 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 방추형방사조직의 폭과 높이는 압축이상재가 측면재 및 대응재의 것보다 넓고 낮은 모습을 보였다. 결론적으로 압축이상재의 해부학적 특징은 측면재나 대응재와 상이한 특성을 나타냈으나 대응재와 측면재 사이에는 해부학적 차이가 거의 없었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1985

The bipinnate-compound leaf of Parkia clappertoniana has prominent, long petiole with a pulvinal base. The pulvinus has wood, periderm, lenticels and extensive cortical layer. Its vascular bundles are elongated with alternating rays. The vascular bundles of the petiole, rachis and veins are oval, with conspicuous bundle caps. Stomatal complex is predominantly paracytic with occasional occurrence of anomocytic stomata near the midrib. The oval stomata have conspicuous stomatal ledges. Trichomes are unicellular, acicular and restricted to the rachis, petiole and pinnule mid-ribs and margin. Ecological and taxonomic significance of features is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

소나무재선충병은 우리나라의 대표 수종인 소나무를 괴사시키는 주요 산림병의 하나로 재선충의 침입과 수체내에서의 이동 경로 파악은 이들의 서식 형태를 구명하는데 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 감염목 내에서의 재선충 주요 서식 부위와 이동 경로를 명확히 구명하기 위해 재선충 피해목에 대한 현미경적 조사를 수행하였다. 그 결과 피해목의 특징으로는 횡단면, 방사단면, 접선단면 모두에서 주로 방사조직이 감염을 통해 진하게 착색된 것으로 드러났으며 수지구에서도 집중적인 피해가 관찰되었다. 또한 형성층과 가까운 변재 부위에서는 연륜을 따라 접선방향으로 연속 배열된 상해수지구로 보이는 특징이 관찰되었다. 재선충은 방사가도관보다는 방사유세포에서 그리고 수평수지구를 지니지 않는 단열방사조직보다는 수평수지구를 지니는 방추형방사조직에서 훨씬 더 많은 재선충이 발견되었으며 방사조직에서 가도관으로 이동하는 선충도 관찰되었다. 방사조직에서 가도관으로의 이동 시 가도관의 벽을 천공한 다음 이동하거나 크기가 작은 개구부인 측벽의 유연벽공을 통해 이동하기보다는 크기가 큰 개구부인 창상 직교분야벽공을 이동 통로로 삼는 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2005

국내에서 재배한 Kenaf의 해부학적 특성을 광학현미경법으로 조사하였다. Kenaf의 수피부에는 인피섬유, 사부방사조직, 피층유세포 등이 존재하였고, 목질부는 도관, 목섬유, 방사조직 등으로 구성되어 있었다. 도관은 고립관공과 2~3개가 방사방향으로 복합한 복합관공이 많이 존재하였고, 방사조직은 평복, 직립, 방형세포가 모두 분포하고 있었다. 접선단면에서 방사조직은 단열 및 다열방사조직으로 구성되었다. 수피부의 인피섬유층은 생장기간과 함께 증가하였다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.248-258
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• 2017

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Thuja orientalis L., diffuse-porous wood Gmelina arborea Roxb., and ring-porous wood Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Longitudinal flow was considered from bottom to top while the radial flow was considered from bark to pith directions. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents(MC). The variation of penetration speed for different species was observed and the reasons behind for this variation were explored. The highest radial penetration depth was found in ray parenchyma of T. orientalis but the lowest one was found in ray parenchyma of P. amurense. The average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal trachied of T. orientalis was found the highest among all the other cells. The penetration depth in fiber of G. arborea was found the lowest among the other longitudinal cells. It was found that cell dimension and also meniscus angle of safranine solution with cell walls were the prime factors for the variation of liquid flow speed in wood. Vessel was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration for hardwood species. The penetration depth in vessel of G. arborea was found highest among all vessels. Anatomical features like ray parenchyma cell length and diameter, end-wall pits number were found also responsible fluid flow differences. Initially liquid penetration speed was high and the nit gradually decreased in an uneven rate. Liquid flow was captured via video and the penetration depths in those cells were measured. It was found that even in presence of abundant rays in hardwood species, penetration depth of liquid in radial direction of softwood species was found high. Herein the ray length, lumen area, end wall pit diameter determined the radial permeability. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Following a go-stop-go cycle, the penetration speed of a liquid decreased over time.