• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-78
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to investigate differences in job satisfaction, organizational commitment and intent to leave the job according to the characteristics of employees of korean fashion companies. For the study, the questionnaire was developed by the authors and distributed to 350 employees of Korean fashion companies. A total of 315 questionnaires was collected and used for the final analysis. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, independent sample T-test, ANOVA and Tukey's test, using the SPSS 18.0 Package Program. First, men showed higher scores in job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and lower score in intent to leave their jobs than women. Second, those who were in their fifties or older had higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment and lower intent to leave their job than those who were in their twenties. Third, those who work in the sales department or merchandising department had higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment and lower intent to leave their job than designers. Fourth, managers and executives had higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment and lower intent to leave their job than lower position employees. Fifth, those with 15 years or longer job experience had higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment and lower intent to leave their job than those with less than three years. Finally, those who had a monthly income of three million won or more had higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment and lower intent to leave their job than those who had a monthly income of less than one million won.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in smoking rates according to the major occupational categories in South Korea. Methods: The study subjects were a weighted sample of 24,495 men and 26,121 women aged 25-64 from the 2003 Social Statistics Survey, which was conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office. Occupation was classified according to the Korean Standard Occupation Classification. We computed the age-standardized smoking rates according to gender and occupations after adjusting for the education level, marital status, and self-rated health. Results: For men, the smoking rate in elementary occupations was two times higher than that of clerks (OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.74-2.26). In general, a more prestigious job(professionals) correlated with lower smoking rates, and less prestigious jobs correlated with higher smoking rates, except for legislators, senior officials and managers. For women, smoking among service workers was 4.1 times higher than among clerical workers (OR=4.11, 95% CI=2.87-5.88). For women, their occupations, except elementary workers, and the unemployed, the retired and the armed forces, failed to show significant differences in smoking compared with the clerical workers. After adjusting for education, occupational differences in the smoking rate for men were attenuated in most occupations, except for legislators, professionals, and technicians. Further adjustment for marital status and self-rated health had a minimal effect on the occupational differences in the smoking rate for men. For women workers with service or elementary occupations, the ORs of smoking were attenuated with adjustment of the educational levels. However, the ORs of smoking were increased in workers with service, sales or elementary occupations, as well as for legislators, and the unemployed, the retired and the armed forces, after additionally adjusting for marital status. Conclusions: More prestigious jobs generally correlated with lower smoking rates in both sexes. The anti-tobacco policy should consider smoking rate differentials by occupations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.534-548
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• 2012

This study investigates the emotional labor of fast fashion sales personnel using the qualitative research method. The research was performed through an in-depth interview with 10 sales personnel (managers, coordinators, head cashiers, and sales associates) who experienced fast fashion brands from July to October in 2011. The results of this study provide that fast fashion brands do have specific feeling rules and display behavior. Even though the sales personnel spend an extremely short time (about 1 minute) to serve customers, most of them experience exhaustion, fatigue, burnout and self-alienation because of emotional dissonance. Sales personnel do deep-acting and surface acting simultaneously and interviewees who have longer and more sales experience express less emotional dissonance. To reduce the negative results of emotional labor, the company plays an important role through the organizational culture; in addition, deep-acting could be recommended for a beginner until they are comfortable with sales. The results of this study provide the elements of emotional labor in a fast fashion and practical suggestions for store operation and sales personnel training.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a specialized education curriculum aimed at helping nurses prepare for running and managing a Maternal-Child Health Center (Postpartum Care Center). Method: This study was conducted by an academy and industry joint research group consisting of professors of Nursing, and nurses actually running a Postpartum Care Center. The group compiled job descriptions of nursing through document research, interviews and observation during site visits, surveys, and seminars. They then performed a feasibility study and developed the final curriculum. Result: The education curriculum is a 32-week(2semester) program compromised of a theory part (12 credits, 180 hours) covering maternal and infant care and business start-up and field practice (3 credits, 45 hours). Courses in the theory part include an antenatal care, overview and details of maternal care, starting a business and its management. Of these courses, the overview of a maternal care course was developed with web-based contents. Field practice is designed to give students opportunities to visit Postpartum Care Centers, observe the care provided, and get hands-on experience. Conclusion: The specialized education curriculum is a 32-week course comprised of 12 credits on theory of antenatal care, overview and details of maternal care, infant care, starting and operating a business and 3 credits of field practice.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.337-348
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• 1999

This descriptive study was cone to investigate the incidence of and reasons for the interruption of breast-feeding by married nurses. For this purpose, data was collected from married nurses, each of whose last child was under five years old, living in Seoul, Tong Hae, Sam Chok and Kang Rung. The number of children involved was 208. The data was collected from various places in Seoul, Tong Hae, Sam Chok and Kang Rung area, using 150 survey questionnaires. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The proportion of children receiving breast-feeding was 1.4%, mixed feeding 33.8% and milk feeding 64.9%. The most frequent duration of breast-feeding was one month (80.2%). 2. The major reasons for breast-feeding were the health of the child 97%, and for emotional attachment with the child 75%. 3. The major reasons for interrupting breast-feeding were the job of mother 79.5%, and an abnormality of the breast or nipple 26.0%. 4. The major reasons for quitting breast-feeding were the job of mother 89.2%, insufficient breast milk 34.2%, and breast pain 19.9%. The above results suggest that the breast-feeding ratio in married nurses is very low. Therefore it is recommended that education about and propagation of breast-feeding be carried out. To enhance and promote breast-feeding, hospital managers should provide a comfortable environment, which is conducive to breast-feeding.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore employees' experiences of integrated services in Healthy Family and Multicultural Family Support Centers in Seoul. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven employees, including managers and heads of Healthy Family and Multicultural Family Support Centers. The interviews identified three themes: the direction of integrated service, the characteristics of the integration process, and the challenges of integrated service. For the direction of integrated service, the participants identified the integration center as a professional family services organization that provided customized services for different types of families. During the integration process, employees found it difficult to provide integrated services because few guidelines existed on operating an integration center that provided services to families with different characteristics and needs. However, they also explained positive aspects of integration, such as strengthening the business's capacity by expanding the organization. To improve integrated service, employees emphasized the expertise and appropriateness of the family services over the efficiency of the integration centers. They also stressed expansion as a role of a professional family services organization. These findings suggested that establishing a clear direction for integrated service as well as the roles of administrative support agencies is important for activating integrated services.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.7
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• pp.17-30
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• 2013

An understanding of store patronage behavior is a critical issue for retail managers, especially when it comes to a new kind of retail store, as it enables them to identify and target potential customers. Reflecting this managerial need, this study is focused on the fashion multi-brand shop, specifically investigating its store attributes, customers' shopping orientation, and store patronage. Accepting the shifting marketing paradigm from 4P's marketing mix to 7P's marketing mix, the 7P's marketing mix is employed in this study to measure the store attributes, including people(sales oriented and customer oriented), price, place, promotion, physical environment, process, and product. The store attributes significantly influencing patronization are found as customer oriented sales people, product, physical environment, and process. The shopping orientations of the customers, 222 female adults aged from 20s to 40s are found as ostentatious, pleasant, fashion pursuant, rational, and addictive. The consumers who are ostentatious, pleasant, and fashion pursuant are highly likely to be patronize to the fashion multi-brand shops.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.15-23
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• 2020

Based on the theoretical underpinnings of the agency theory and liquidity theory, the purpose of this study is to show how managers who want to enhance the performance of Pakistan's non-financial sector can use liquidity policy in relation to corporate governance. Nowadays, Pakistan is facing a severe liquidity crisis; this study contributes by examining the mediating role of liquidity on the link of corporate governance-performance. We use data from 63 firms from 2010 to 2018, excluding 17 outliers. To analyze the data, we use the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SURE) model and nlcom-Stata test. Our findings support the mediating role of liquidity on the link between corporate governance and performance. In addition, the results show that corporate governance improves performance. Furthermore, the study supports a significant positive association of liquidity and performance. For robustness, we use two performance variables - return on assets (ROA) and Tobin's q (TQ) - where ROA represents full mediation and TQ indicates partial mediation. This study helps to use liquidity policy to strengthen the inside and outside dimensions of corporate governance mechanisms that improve the performance of firms. Overall, these findings suggest better disclosure, transparency, and solutions to auditing issues that add value to the firms.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

In recognition of the significance of waiting time in restaurant management, a quasi-experimental design was employed to measure the gap between actual and perceived waiting time in a real restaurant setting. In particular, this study focused on a comparison of Americans and Koreans to explore gender and culture differences in customer waiting behaviors. The results indicated that compared to American women, Korean women are more tolerant of waiting, and reported perceived waiting time as much longer than actual waiting time. However, there are no gender differences in both cultures. It is anticipated that managers will be able to adjust their operational strategies based on these results.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.59-76
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• 2018

With the arrival of the big data era, customer data and data mining analysis have gradually dominated the process of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). This phenomenon indicates that customer data along with the use of information techniques (IT) have become the basis for building a successful CRM strategy. However, some companies can not discover valuable information through a large amount of customer data, which leads to the failure of making appropriate business strategy. Without suitable strategies, the companies may lose the competitive advantage or probably go bankrupt. The purpose of this study is to propose CRM strategies by segmenting customers into VIPs and Non-VIPs and identifying purchase patterns using the the VIPs' transaction data and data mining techniques (K-means clustering and association rules) of online shopping mall in Korea. The results of this paper indicate that 227 customers were segmented into VIPs among 1866 customers. And according to 51,080 transactions data of VIPs, home product and women wear are frequently associated with food, which means that the purchase of home product or women wears mainly affect the purchase of food. Therefore, marketing managers of shopping mall should consider these shopping patterns when they build CRM strategy.