• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.330-336
• /
• 1996

Quality characteristics of mash of takju prepared by different raw materials such at nonglutinous rice. glutinous rice, barley and wheat flour were investigated during fermentation. At the beginning stage of fermentation, ethanol content was in the range of $0{\sim}1.2%$ but it was increased to $9.8{\sim}11.6%$ after 16 day of fermentation. takju that was made of nonglutious rice with starter showed higher ethanol content than any other treatment. At the first stage, pH of takju that was made of nonglutinous rice without starter was 6.57 while other sample showed pH $5.04{\sim}5.80.$ There was no significant difference in pH value between treatments after 2 day of fermentation. Total acid was increased rapidly at the first stage of fermentation, and increased slowly after 2 day of fermentation. Takju that was made of nonglutious rice without of fermentation, and increased slowly after 2 day of fermentation. Takju that was made of nonglutious rice without addition starer showed higher total acid content than the other teratments. Total sugar contents were $19.18{\sim}20.23%$ at the beginning of fermentation, and decreased to $5.21{\sim}14.03%$ after 2-4 days of fermentation. Takju that was made of wheat flour showed higher value of total sugar during the fermentation. Reducing sugar contents of takju decreased with fermentation progressing to $0.2{\sim}0.5%$ after 16 day if fermentation. L value decreased during the fermentation. period and that of takju that was made of barley had lowest L value among the treatment. Alcohols, such as n-propanol ($nd{\sim}0.05\;mg/ml$), iso-butanol (0.02), iso-amyl alcohol ($nd{\sim}0.13$), n-hexanol ($nd{\sim}0.17$), n-heptanol ($nd{\sim}0.09$), and phenylethanol ($nd{\sim}0.02$) were detected. There were no alcohols detected at the beginning of fermentation, but their contents were increased during fermentation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.243-247
• /
• 2008

Neonatal intensive care in Korea has improved remarkably since the 1990s, but there is still a shortage of facilities and equipment in NICUs. Only 71.1% of the beds needed for neonatal intensive care are available. Mechanical ventilators are not appropriately distributed to the NICUs that are equipped to handle neonatal intensive care. The number of doctors is far too small, making the number of patients per doctor very high. Nurses, too, need to take care of 7.7 patients per nurse, making it very difficult to provide adequate intensive care. All this is caused by insufficient investment by the hospitals, which, in turn, is caused by inadequate reimbursement from health insurance. Therefore, a government-sponsored effort is necessary to bring the level of neonatal intensive care up to par.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.36 no.9
• /
• pp.966-978
• /
• 2012

Fashion exhibitions in museums and galleries is a form of fashion communication media. This thesis examines the messages, objects, and space of fashion exhibitions as fashion communication media as well as analyzes the method of fashion communication. This thesis first provides a theoretical study on fashion exhibition and conducts a case study of the 2012 Nora Noh Retro Exhibition La Vie en Rose (2012/5/23-6/2, Horim GNB Gallery, Seoul), dedicated to the first Korean female fashion designer. The message of the exhibition was the fashion philosophy and the fashion style of the designer as well as the intention of the curator. The objects presented were the dresses kept by the loyal customers of the brand, and the homage items by designers of present generation. The space designs of the exhibition were the layout and total coordination of the opening event. The methods of fashion communication for the fashion exhibition, in the case of the La Vie en Rose exhibition, were communicated (1) from the past to the present, (2) from designers to celebrities and (3) from the designer to the celebrity and the viewers. From the past to the present, the designer's style throughout the 60 years of her fashion career is conveyed to the present generation fashion people, in the form of homage designs and collaboration works. From designers to celebrities, her fashion philosophy was delivered in the form of movie and stage costumes. Some present generation celebrities tried reinterpretations of the garment. From the designer to the celebrity and the viewers of the exhibition, the intention of the curator and the designer were individualized and internalized by the viewers.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.50-60
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study was to understand the factors with consumers' fashion experiential store experiences and investigate the effect on flow and brand attitude. The study also aimed to investigate whether gender moderated the relationship between consumers' fashion experiential store experiences and flow. An online survey of consumers in their 20s and 40s was conducted. The SPSS 27.0 program was used to perform frequency, factor, and reliability analysis. The structural equation model was analyzed using the SMART-PLS program. The structural model analysis confirmed that consumers' rational, physical, and relational experiences in fashion brand experiential stores strongly influenced flow and found that relational experience had the strongest influence on flow. The influence of rational, physical, and relational experiences and flow on brand attitude was confirmed, where flow had the strongest effect on brand attitude. The examination of the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between consumers' fashion experiential store experiences and flow found that the effect in men was significant for flow and brand attitude through rational experience and that the effect in women was significant for flow and brand attitude through relational experience. These results provide academic implications, and by strengthening consumer flow, we intend to propose the establishment of a marketing strategy and opportunity plan that can elicit a positive brand attitude.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 2002

A rapid, selective and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of terazocin in human plasma. Terazocin plus the internal standard, prazocin hydrochloride, were extracted from alkalified plasma with tert-butylmethyl ether, back-extracted into 0.05% phosphoric acid. Fifty ${\mu}l-portions$ of extract were injected onto a octadecylsilane column and eluted with a mixture of acetonitrile, water and triethylamine (30 : 70 : 0.1 v/v, adjusted to pH 5.0 with dilute phosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The fluorescence intensity of column eluents was monitored at excitation wavelength of 250 nm and emission wavelength of 370 nm. No interference peaks were observed. The practical limit of quantitation was 5 ng/ml for terazocin. The average intraday and interday coefficients of variation were 4.15 and 3.54%, respectively. Also intraday and interday precisions over the range $5{\sim}60\;ng/ml$ were $0.49{\sim}2.92\;and\;0.38{\sim}5.12%$, respectively. The bioequivalence of two terazosin tablets, the $Hytrine^{\circledR}$ (Il Yang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the $Teratonin^{\circledR}$ (Sam-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Sixteen healthy male volunteers $(24.6{\pm}2.0\;years\;old)$ were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 mg of terazosin was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of terazosin in plasma was determined with a HPLC method using spectrofluorometric detector. AUC was calculated by the linear trapezoidal method. $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were compiled from the plasma drug concentration-time data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between the two preparations were 0.21 %, 5.53% and 8.82%, respectively. The powers $(1-{\beta})\;for\;AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were >99%, 97.49%, and 33.26%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences $({\Delta},\;%)\;at\;{\alpha}=0.1\;and\;1-{\beta}=0.8$ and the 90% confidence intervals were all less than ${\pm}20%$ except for $T_{max}.\;AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$ met the criteria of KDFA for bioequivalence, indicating that $Teratonin^{circledR}$ tablets are bioequivalent to $Hytrine^{circledR}$ tablets.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.165-176
• /
• 2005

Objective : This study was to vertify the effect of Semen Sinapsis Albae Pressing at Sanyinjiao(SP6), Umnungchon(SP9) and Shinnsu(B23) on dysmenorrhea of Women's University Students. This study was an one group pretest-posttest experimental design. Methods : The subjects were 50 patients who was suffering for dysmenorrhea visited to D University Health center located in B city, from January to May, 2004. They had agreed to take part in this experiment, with didn't take any anodyne drugs. Results : The results of the study are as follows 1. Hypothesis 1 that "Semen Sinapsis Albae pressing in SP6, SP9 and B23 is decreased dysmenorrhea" is adapted(t=12.777, p=0.000). 2. Semen Sinapsis Albae pressing is more fast manifested in alleviation of pain, longer in duration of alleviation of pain, and had a less dysmenorrhea than anodyne drugs. Semen Sinapsis Albae pressing is probably more effective than who are dosed anodyne instead of pressing.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2015

Purpose - Among potential marketing strategies, the most efficient method to encourage purchase intention is through sales promotions. Sales promotions also serve to enhance customer satisfaction, which is closely related to the incidence of repurchases. Therefore, the success of retail stores greatly depends on the effectiveness of their promotional activities. The present study aimed to obtain the necessary information for apparel stores to establish more effective promotional activities. To this end, the study's specific research questions were to examine 1) consumer satisfaction with the recent sales promotions of retail apparel stores, 2) the levels of consumer preferences for different types of sales promotions (cash discounts, promotional gifts, prize drawings, discount coupons, stamp cards, or mileage cards), and 3) the differences in purchase intention according to preference levels for different types of sales promotions. Research design, data, and methodology - The research employed a descriptive survey method using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 700 men (n=234) and women (n=466) ranging in age from their 20s to their 50s and residing in the Seoul area. Data were analyzed through methods including factor analysis as well as Cronbach's α coefficients, the t-test, ANOVA, and the Duncan test. Results - Differences among consumer preferences were identified for each type of sales promotion according to the purchase amount and the customer's age. In relation to purchase amounts below 500,000 won, participants in their 50s have lower preferences for price discounts than those in their 20s or 30s, whereas participants in their 40s or 50s have lower preferences for stamp cards and mileage cards than those in their 20s. When the purchase amount is greater than 500,000 won, housewives have higher preferences for promotional gifts than respondents with other occupations. However, no gender differences were found with regard to preference levels for the different types of sales promotions. Respondents generally exhibited mediocre satisfaction with the sales promotion events of retail apparel stores. They also expressed negative opinions about sales promotions when such promotions lead to high prices, as well as dissatisfaction with the poor quality of promotional gifts. It was also found that, regardless of the purchase amount, the groups with higher preferences for discount coupons and mileage cards displayed higher purchase intentions. Only when the purchase amount is greater than 200,000 won did the group with higher preferences for lottery system promotional gifts express higher purchase intentions. On the other hand, for all purchase amount sizes, there were no differences in purchase intentions according to preferences for cash discounts, promotional gifts, or stamp cards. Conclusions - The results revealed that greater effort must be devoted to enhancing consumers' satisfaction levels with the promotional activities performed by apparel retail stores. The results also showed that it is necessary to differentiate among sales promotion strategies according to preference levels for different types of sales promotions, purchase amounts, and target consumer ages.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 1990

The solid and protein yields and extraction properties of color pigments were compared for 7 varieties of soybeans during soaking in water at $4-100^{\circ}C$. The varieties investigated were Paldal, Danyeob, Jangbaek, Baegun, Jangyeob and 2 cultivars of Local 1 and Local 2. The Hunter values showed that Jangbaek was the highest in 'L' value while other varieties except Local 1 and Local 2 were comparatively high in 'L' value. Local 1 and Local 2 were low in 'b' value. The yields of solid and protein during water extraction showed that most of solids and proteins were recovered with three consecutive extractions. The cumulated yields were 73.2 % for solid and 83.2 % for protein. Extraction of color pigments of seed coats in $4-100^{\circ}C$ water showed that the extraction rate was very much dependent on extraction time and temperature. A linear relationship of A=aT+b was obtained for equilibrated absorbance(A) and extraction temperature(T). The activation energy calculated from initial extraction rate of cole. pigments and temperature had two different values of low($4-60^{\circ}C$) and high($60-100^{\circ}C$) temperature range.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2018

Purpose The introduction of bone scan has been reported as a useful tool in the diagnosis, treatment, and treatment response of skeletal disease. The purpose of this study is to improve the anatomical information and tolerance of the bone by combining bone scan and pelvic X-ray without additional radiation exposure. Materials and Methods From November 2015 to August 2016, 236 patients(64 men and 172 women, average age $50.96{\pm}15.39years$) take Bone scan and Pelvis AP(Anteroposterior) X-ray scan at the National Cancer Center. The scan equipment was a gamma camera, Symbia Ecam (SIEMENS, Germany), and a digital x-ray, DRS-800 (Listem, Korea). Osirix version 3.8.1 (Osirix, USA) and Stata/SE version 14.0 (StataCorp, USA) were used for image combination and analysis. The patient was intravenously injected with $^{99m}Tc-DPD$ (740 MBq), and the scan was performed 2 to 4 hours later. Gamma camera image acquisition were Matrix size $256{\times}1024$, Zoom 1.00, and scan speed 17 cm/min. The digital X-ray was made with a collimator size of $14^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\times}17^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, 77 kVp (60 to 97 kVp) and an average of 30 mAs (20 to 48). ASIS and pubic symphysis Select virtual points then Combine three virtual points and pelvic contour lines. The acquired images were evaluated by three radiologists who worked for more than 5 years in the nuclear medicine department. Results Of the total 236 patients, 216 (91.53%) were matched. The median and range (min~max) of the age were 67 (46~81) years old in the unmatched group and 52 (22~87) years old in the matched group, The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to determine whether age was different between the two groups. As a result, the age difference between the two groups was statistically significant at p < 0.0001. Of the 64 men, 60 (93.75%) were match and of the 172 women, 156 (93.75%) were match. There was no statistically significant difference according to gender(p = 0.4542). Of the 54 patients without pelvic lesions, 54 (100.00%) were match, and 162 (89.01%) of 182 patients with pelvic lesions were match. There was a statistically significant difference according to the presence of pelvic lesions. Conclusion There are many variables in the combination of bone scan and pelvic X-ray imaging, and the patient's age and pelvic lesion may have some effect on the image combination. This study is expected to be useful for the diagnosis of pelvic osteosarcoma of children without radiation exposure. It is expected that this combination of images will help to develop the nuclear medicine image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.801-810
• /
• 2020

In this study, the health insurance application of PET and the change in the pay standard were examined, and the amount of health insurance use over the past 10 years was analyzed. Positron tomography was applied as health insurance in 2006, and after ¹⁸F-FDG was first applied as health insurance, positron tomography tests using various radioactive isotopes have been applied as health insurance. As of 2019, the number of positron emission tomography tests was 198,651 cases, and the treatment amount was about 88.3 billion won, and the number of tests according to general characteristics was higher in men than in women, and by age, the number of tests was the highest in 60s. The number of outpatient examinations was higher than that of inpatient examinations, and the number of examinations in tertiary hospitals(68.2%) was significantly higher than that of general hospitals and hospitals. As for the test site, torso test was the most common at 86.6%, and radioisotope was the most at 93.6% using ¹⁸F-FDG. The change in the use of PET for 10 years increased steadily from 2010 to 2014, but the amount of use decreased sharply afterwards as the recognition of asymptomatic long-term follow-up tests was deleted due to the government's change in health insurance application standards in 2014. As changes in health insurance standards have a great influence on changes in health insurance usage, continuous monitoring will be required in the future.