• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.37
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• pp.181-190
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for women's women's head type for mil-inary. The subjects were 141 college women aged from 19∼23. Data were collected from the real anthropometric measurements and 4 index. Correlation coefficientss, factor analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of variance in SAS package. The results were as follows : 4 factors were extracted from 20 anthrometric measurements and in index data, which explain 60.0% of variance. The subjectss were classified into 4 clusters by 11 measurement and 4 index data. Each charicteristics of cluster by the measurements was flat, big, thick, small types in women's head. Each charicteristics of cluster by the index data was mostly flat in head thickness and wide, midium, narrow, very wide type in face.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.32-40
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• 2018

Big breasted women often experience dissatisfaction with ready-made brassieres, that do not account for individual breast types nor provide adequate cup sizes. This study was conducted to provide basic information on common breast shape and measurements of Korean big-breasted women, and to facilitate development of big-breasted women's bras with excellent fit and comfort. The study analyzed direct upper body measurements of 178 women in their 20's whith cup size C or bigger in the 5th, 6th and 7th Size Korea. In addition, 3D body scan data of women with bra size 75 and cup size C were re-collected and their breast types were examined. Average under-bust circumference of big-breasted women was 75 size in brassiere size. The average stature was 159.78 cm and the body weight was 60.33kg, indicating "overweight". Also, it was revealed that common breast types of big-breasted women, were hemispheric and cone types. The study can facilitate better understanding of breast shapes and sizes of standard big-breasted women, and will be useful as reference in selection of subjects in future studies.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.323-333
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• 1990

To study influence of carbonmonoxide (CO) poisoning on the content of amino acid neurotransmitter in brain, male rat was exposed to CO 5000 ppm for 30 minutes (60-75% HbCO). Aspartic acid and glutamic acid level in the cerebral cortex and aspartic acid level in the striatum were significantly decreased. GABA level in the cerebral cortex was significantly increased after the 30 and 60 minutes of CO intoxication. Taurine level in both the cerebral cortex and the striatum was increased although nonsignificant. Consequently, the CO-induced hypoxia brain showed lower level of excitatory neurotransmitter, aspartic acid and glutamic acid and higher level of inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA and taurine. These results suggest that the change in content of amino acid neurotransmitter in the rat brain may be concerned with several CO poisoning symptoms.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.926-933
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• 2011

The purpose of this research was to develop a smart wear equipped with wearable technologies for women in the age of 50's and 60's and confirm its acceptability. For this, we constructed a casual jacket that has the integration of heating and lighting function, and evaluated the user's satisfaction. The size of the heating device attached at the back of the jacket was 300 mm in width and 120 mm in length and the size of the one attached at the front abdomen was 180 mm in width and 120 mm in length. The power supplier was the unification of the battery and controller which have been waterproofed. The lighting device connected with LED was 26mm in width, 20 mm in length and 1.5 mm in thickness. It has been designed in a waterproofed rectangular shape and was attachable to the jacket. The satisfaction survey of a smart jacket has been conducted with three standards, which were convenience, appearance and practicality. Free physical movement among the standard of convenience had very high scores with the average of 4.7 on a five point-scale. The acceptability of the jacket was 4.6, which proved that it didn't have unique feelings compared to ordinary ones. The evaluation score of the appearance of the jacket was 4.5. Especially inside finishing of the jacket received the highest scores from all ages. According to the evaluation of practicality, there has been no change in the appearance of the jacket and the function of heating device after laundry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.746-757
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• 2004

This study was intended to analyze clothing preference images according to the age groups (30's, 40's, 50's and 60's) and to clarify the differences between present clothing preference images and that of the future after 60. The data was collected through a questionnaire and a total of 482 questionnaires on the age groups ranging from 30s through 60s were used in the analysis. As for the present clothing preference images in accordance with age groups, the younger age groups in the range of 30's and 40's presented higher scores in most of these images. But the older age groups in the 50's and 60's had lower scores in most of these images. On the contrary, the older age groups had higher scores than the younger age groups with respect to similar, mature, magnificent, innocent, plump and virtuous images. As for the future clothing preference images after 60 in the elegant, luxurious, graceful, intellectual, chic, urbane, slimy and sociable images, the age groups in the 30's and 40's presented higher scores than the age groups in the 50's and 60's did. However, with respect to the youth-oriented images such as fashionable, innocent, remarkable, cute and vigorous images, the age group in the 60's had a higher score than the age group in the 30's, 40's and 50's did. There were differences between the present clothing preference images and future clothing preference images after 60. The 30's and 40's presented distinctively different clothing preference images in the present and future after 60. Thus, distinct images were pursued in the older age group. The 50s showed closest images to that of the older age group, presenting more conservative inclination in clothing preferences.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.247-261
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to figure out related factors to the self-reported climacteric symptoms and the relationship among the health promoting behaviors, climacteric symptoms and degree of Sanhujori, the Korean traditional postpartal care. A cross-sectional survey design was employed in this study. The subjects were 108 middle-aged women who were non-hystrectomized and ranged in age from 40 to 60 years. They were selected in seoul and Kyoung-ki province, Korea, Data were collected from Oct.25 Nov. 10, 1997 by a structured questionnaire. The instruments used for this study were the revised health Promotion Lifestyle(HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist & Pender, and revised Climacteric Symptoms Scale developed by Chi, Sung Ai. the data were analyzed by the SPSS/$PC^+$ program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean score of health promoting behaviors was low($2.42{\pm}0.35$). There were statistically significant differences in the score of health promoting behaviors according to the educational background, family income, marital satisfaction, whether or not taking a restorative food and degree of Sanhujori, especially the period (t=-2.07, F=2.60~7.57, p<0.05). 2. The mean score of score self-reported climacteric symptoms was 1.69%;99% of middle-aged women had symptoms. There were statically significant differences in the score of middle -aged women's self-reported climacteric symptoms according to the age, number of children, educational background, occupation, family income, marital satisfaction, whether or not receiving hormon replacement therapy (HRT) or consultation by a professional, perceived health status and self evaluation of Sanhujori(t=-2.04~3.69, F=2.87~11.63, p<0.05). 3. women's degree of Sanhujori was a positive correlation with health promoting behaviors(r=0.34, p=0.00) and negative correlation with the degree of self-reported climacteric symptoms(r=-0.19,p=0.03). 4. The influencing factors to the climacteric symptoms were self actualization, interpersonal support, and perceived health status among the health promoting behaviors with 57% of variance($R^2$=0.57). 5. The middle-aged women's type of coping pattern for the climacteric symptoms was classified as active behavioral coping, spiritual & psychological coping, and negative coping. In conclusion, to intervene the middle aged women's climacteric symptoms and develop nursing strategies for their health, health promoting behavior, especially ; self actualization, interpersonal support, and perceived health status should be considered. And, as the primary prevention strategy for women's health during the period of childbearing and also middle age, especially for the climacteric symptoms, Sanhujori should be reconsidered.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.967-976
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• 2001

The purpose of the present study was to the investigate the effect of aging in men and women on muscle strength of knee extensor and flexors by using the cybex 6000 isokinetic dynamometer. A total of 100 volunteers participated in this study and were divided into five groups according to their chronological age as follows: 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 10 men and 10 women in each decade respectively. Isokinetic ($60^{\circ}{\cdot}s-l$) knee extensor and flexor peak torque, peak torque to body weight ratio, opposing muscles(flexor/extensor) peak torque ratio, deficit of peak torque between dominant and non-dominant were measured. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In men, While the aged increased. the peak torque of the knee flexor and extensor statistically sig nificant decreased in the dominant and non-dominant side. 2) In women, Statistically significant difference of knee extensor peak torque was found as the aged increased in the dominant and non-dominant side, but significant difference of knee flexor peak torque did not that. 3) In men, No significant difference in the peak torque of knee flexor to body weight ratio was found as the aged increased in the non-dominant side, but statistically significant difference in the peak torque of knee flexor to body weight weight ratio was found as the aged increased in the dominant side. 4) In women. No significant difference in the peak torque of knee flexor to body weight ratio was found as the aged increased in the dominant side, but statistically significant difference in the peak torque of knee flexor to body weight ratio was found as the aged increased in the non-dominant side. 5) In men and women, While the aged increased, statistically significant difference was found the dominant and non-dominant side in the peak torque of knee extensor to body weight ratio. 6) Peak torque of hamstring to quadriceps ratio of dominant and non-dominant side in men and women were not significantly different as the age increases. 7) Mean deficit of peak torque between dominant and non-dominant side in men and women were not significantly different as the age increases. From these results we conclude a proper exercise program is need before 50s decade to preserve in muscle strength of knee flexors and extensors.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.365-389
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• 2014

The essay focuses on the relationship between the soldiers and the oppressed women in Lynn Nottage's Ruined (2009) in terms of Julia Kristeva's abject to show how the abjected Congolese women expose the falsehood of the order and identity that the military forces try to construct and maintain by war and violence. According to Kristeva, the abject is something that is rejected for the repulsion and horror it arouses but constantly draws the subject to it at the same time. Physically impaired and socially stigmatized, sexually abused Congolese women find a shelter in Mama Nadi's bar, the only place where they can continue their lives as the abject since the place, like the women themselves, lies outside the symbolic order occupied and corrupted by the men of DRC. Although the men involved in the armed conflict have abjected the women in pursuit of their own system and order, the women are not simply the objects of abuse and oppression. The men have to rely on Mama Nadi and her women not only to reaffirm their identity and power by suppressing them but also to fulfill their biological needs. In addition, the women's resistance against the soldiers demonstrates their power to challenge the men's symbolic order and expose its frailty. Apropos of the abject's resistance, various artistic genres such as poetry, music and dance appear in the play as an escape from the grim reality and a means of challenging and transcending the symbolic order. Bringing all these artistic elements together into a powerful piece of theatre-often considered as an 'abject' genre nowadays, Nottage demonstrates both the power of theatre as well as the tenacious Congolese women.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.356-372
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the perception, preference and usage of Korean festival foods of women according to age in Busan. The survey was conducted from October 15, 2012 to November 30, 2012 using questionnaires and the data were analyzed with the SPSS program. In general, younger women (20~30 years old) had a lower interest in Korean festival foods than slightly older women (40~50 years old). Most of women over 40 years of age prepared Korean festival foods at home, but many who were in their 20's (45.9%) and 30's (41.1%) obtained their foods from family and relatives. Overall, 62.5% of the subjects wanted to inherit Korean festival food from family and relatives. The dissemination of information and recipes of Korean festival foods were needed for succeeding to Korean festival foods. The taste score was significantly lower for women in their 20's compared to those over 40. Women under 40 reported a lower ease of cooking compared to women over 50. Tangguk (4.93) on Seollal showed the highest perception degree in the order of Namul (4.91), Tteokguk (4.90), and Sikhye (4.90). Jeon, Yaksik, Sikhye, and Gangjeong were the most highly preferred in every group. The preference degree of Pajeon was significantly higher in women under 40 than in those over 60. Tteokguk and Tangguk were more highly preferred in women in their 30's and 40's compared to the other groups. There was a significant positive correlation between preference for festival food and education level, degree of knowledge, degree of interest, will for inheritance, and will for learning (P<0.01). In conclusion, festival foods rich in local tradition should be developed, publicized and used to educate others. The simplification of cooking methods and the development of processed foods are needed to pass on the traditional food culture of Busan.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1248-1257
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of an exercise program for middle-aged obese women. Method: The exercise program combined folk dance and resistance training. The subjects group consisted of 85 middle-aged obese women between 40 and 60 years of age. Three 8 week sessions consisted of a $55-80\%$ maximum heart rate (MHR) exercise for 60-90 minutes a day and 3 times a week from March to November, 2004. Data was collected through a pre- and post-exercise test before and after each session. Data was collected with Inbody, dynamometer and blood. This data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, and a paired t-test with an SPSS/PC(10.0 version) program. Results: There were significant positive changes in body weight, body fat mass, body mass index, percent body fat, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, and balance quality, but no significant positive changes in skeletal mass, fat free mass, percent abdominal fat(waist-hip ratio), visceral fat area, agility, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglycerides. Conclusion: This study showed that an exercise program has partially positive effects for middle-aged obese women. The results of this study show that exercise at community health centers should continue for middle-aged obese women's health.