• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.639-651
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• 2010

This study investigated women's magazines and women's food consumption stories of the 1950/s. That is, it attempted to comprehend the connection between the public and private aspects of food consumption as discussed in the 1950's. The public aspect of culture was investigated using the women's magazine "Yeo-won" which reflected the social and intellectual hegemony of the time. The private aspects of culture were investigated by reviewing the daily life of women though in-depth interviews. Mass media reflected the social and intellectual hegemony and indicated that a cultivated woman who supported western food was a wise mother and a good wife, and that a woman who consumed flour-based food was a reasonable and modern consumer, ahead of her time The admiration for the U.S. and its advanced civilization through free handouts of flour and powdered milk accelerated the consumption of industrialized flour-based foods such as noodles, hardtack, and steamed bread. This lead to the rigid traditional food-eating habits of boiled rice, and side dishes changed to flour-based and processed foods. That is, food represented a cultural identity.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 2002

From women's magazine published between January to June in 2002. Ywo page spread magazine advertising were selected for this study. From the findings, standard layout of two page spread advertisements in women's magazine Language are enumerated. It is written in Korean or Korean and English in black roman/serifs or square typeface for headline copy written in same typeface. Two to three color are used for typeface in the most ads. The relationship between product life cycle and all research items shows that there is very strong relationship.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.31-47
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• 2019

This study focuses on women and fashion in Korea between the 1960s and 1970s, when the government regulated the socio-cultural aspects of individuals while achieving remarkable economic industrialization, particularly through the representative popular weekly magazine 'Sunday-Seoul'. The scope of this study included 168 issues from September 22, 1968 to December 26, 1971. Two research methods were applied, literature research and content analysis research. First, the literature on Korean society, culture, women's fashion, the sociological, feminine and popular cultural studies were reviewed. Thereafter, the contents, cover, articles, pictorials were collected and analyzed for classification and identification of the women's images and women's fashion. In the case of fashion articles, the contents of vocabulary and description texts were highlighted, and in the case of pictorials, the visual elements such as images, silhouettes of clothes, details of features, and patterns of materials were assessed. The images of women in Sunday Seoul's articles and pictorials exhibited extreme opposite, presenting the most important purpose of marriage, 'wise mother and good wife' and 'image of sexual object' for men. The two images of women differed; however, there was one more female image 'industrial laborer' which was placed in the blind spot of interest. The characteristics of fashion which appeared in 'Sunday-Seoul' were 'uniform modern elegance' based on neat mini-style, and 'sexual image of exposure fashion' which endeavored to selectively borrow from overseas pictorials and trend-oriented articles. This could be viewed as a 'transformation of traditional Hanbok', 'avant-garde trend' and 'de-sexualization & indifference of fashion'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1015-1027
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• 2012

This study compares and analyzes cosmetics purchasing behavior according to the advertising and publicity implemented in women's monthly magazines as well as determines effective marketing strategies for the cosmetics industry. First, cosmetics advertising and publicity in women's monthly magazines can be classified into conventional advertising, advertorials, beauty news based on press releases, and beauty articles written by editors. In addition, consumer purchasing behavior has been examined in terms of use of information, purchasing intention, and purchasing experience. A study was conducted on women in their 20's to 40's in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do with 289 questionnaires used in the final analysis. Data were analyzed by common factor analysis, randomized block design, Bonferroni adjusted t-test, and multiple linear regression using SPSS 12.0/Windows. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, there was a difference in purchasing behavior according to types of cosmetics advertising and publicity in women's monthly magazines. Second, cosmetics shopping orientations were classified into six factors (the pursuit of impulsive purchasing and trends, well-known brands, convenience, low prices, efficacy and brand loyalty). There were significant effects of shopping orientation on cosmetics purchasing behavior according to the type of advertisement and publicity in women's monthly magazines.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.156-161
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to survey a preference to the esthetic profile between Korean women and Korean American women. The interviewee were consisted of 30 Korean women and 30 Korean American women respectively. The survey has been done by using questionnaire. Altered facial profile of each normal male and female was got by moving maxilla, mandible to the front and back to survey the preference among the various profile. Then results were analyzed by SPSS program. The results were as follows, 1. In Korean women, in choosing the men's profile, 9 people out of 30, picked the standard profile as a most preferred profile, and bimaxillary retrusion and bimaxillary protrusion profile were followed by 6 people and 5people respectively. 2. In Korean American women, in choosing the men's profile, the 18 people out of 30, pick the bimaxillary retruded profile as a most preferred profile, and the standard profile were followed. 3. In Korean women, in choosing the women's profile, 18 people out of 30, picked the bimaxillary retruded profile as a most beautiful profile, and standard profile were followed by having 10people's voting. 4. In Korean American women, in choosing the women's profile, the 14 people out of 30, chose the bimaxillary retruded profile as a best one and the standard profile were followed by 12 people's voting. The preference of men's profile was significantly different between two groups (p<0.05) but the both group picked the bimaxillary retruded profile as a most beautiful when they choose the women's profile and then there was no statistical difference between the groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.716-726
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• 1994

The present study was conducted to analyze the type of appeal and constituent unit's expression of apparel advertising appeared in women's magazine through content analysis. The research questions raised for this study were: (1) Are there any differences in the type of appeal between outwear and uderwear, men's and women's outwear, and formal wear and casual wear advertising ? (2) Are there any differences in the type of appeal and constituent unit's expression of apparel advertising between the late of 1980's and the begining of 1990's ? "Women Sense", founded on August 1988, was used as research materials for the study. And the period of analysis was from September 1988 to March 1993. In order to reduce biases of monthly issues in magazine, the apparel advertisements for analysis were selected from March, June, September and December issues. A total of 348 apparel advertisements were analyzed. The data gethered were analyzed using the frequency table, percentage and chi-square test. The results were as follows: 1. The emotional appeal was used more often for apparel advertisements. 2. There was no difference in types of appeal between men's and women's outwear. Both of them frequently used emotional appeal type 3. Rational appeal and sex appeal type were used more frequently in underwear advertising than in outwear advertisements. 4. It was emotional appeal type that usually used in both formal and casual wear advertising, and sex appeal was employed more often in casual wear advertising than in formal wear advertising. 5. Romantic appeal was employed more aften in the late of 1980's than in the begining of 1990's. Sex appeal and rational appeal were used more often in the beginning of 1990's than in the late of 1980's. 6. Emotional (28.7%) and Assertion Propose Headlines (21.6%) were popular in the late of 1980's. 7. Brand Name Headline was shown most often in the begining of 1990's. 8. Emotional, Factual and Mixed Copies were generally used at all types of bodycopy. while there was no difference in types of bodycopy between the periods. 9. Direct Approach, that a model introduced advertising goods to consumer, was mainly used in illustration. There was no difference in different types of illustration between the periods.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

This study was aimed at giving help to the people intending to change their own hair color design and also providing the guide line to the cosmetic circles for developing new hair color design and promoting sales by statistically analyzing seasonal changes of hair colors puplished on women's magazines(Vogue Korea, Estetica Korea, Woman Chosun, Ce.ci) from 2003 to 2006. The researching methods were as follows; (1) hair colors published on women's magazines from september 2003 to August 2006 were measured by N.C.S. color reader(4 magazines $\times$10 main hair colors/magazine $\times$ 12 months $\times$ 3 years = 1,440 colors). (2) N.C.S. tone is made of percentage, so measured values and chromas were statistically analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and seasonal deferences were statistically analyzed by t-test and specified on high significant values. But hues were not made of percentage, so these were statistically analyzed by cross tabulation analysis, $x^2$ -test and specified on high significant values. These all had been analyzed by SPSS program(ver. 11.0). The results were as follows; (1) Usually seasonal changes of hair values were significant, specially in foreign licensed magazines, and bright values appeared in S/S and dark values in F/W. (2) Seasonal changes of hair hues were significant only on foreign women's magazines. Therefore seasonal changes of korean hair colors were not significant compared by foreign hair colors because of hardness of color changes of dark black hair and hair damages by hair tints and bleaches and trends of well being and hair care. But hair color changes have been developed gradually and will developed furthermore. So korean hair cosmetic circles have to present hair color trends deferenciated by seasons. And S/S hair values have to be brignt and F/W have to be dark. And new seasonal hair hues matched by korean have to be developed and presented.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.147-164
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physical activity on women's health. I conducted literature reviews for meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials with the target diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers osteoporosis, and pregnancy outcomes. Women who were active had less total mortality and smaller incidence of hypertension, coronary heart diseases, and stroke. Exercise was better than drug therapies in preventing diabetes and effective in preventing colon and breast cancers. Exercise can reduce the risks of falling injury in elderly women. Walking during pregnancy was not harmful to the mothers and their infants, and desirable to prevent the complications of pregnancy or weight gain after pregnancy. Physical activity at work and leisure-time showed similar effects on women's health. Based on these results, moderate-intensity physical activity should be recommended to all women, Resistive, muscle strength, and balance-training exercise also can be recommended. Doctors' advices are effective to make women exercise, especially using handouts or motivational interviewing techniques. It is desirable to recommend to peform other health promotion measures together such as smoking cessation, weight control and diet control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.2073-2084
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• 2010

This study provides references that can be applied to future suit design by analyzing the formative characteristics of modern men's and women's suits. Research on related literature and case studies were carried out simultaneously. A criterion for analyzing formative characteristics of suits was drawn up through an examination of past research. A total of 1,410 suit photographs that appeared in the U.S. edition of Vogue Magazine from 1985 to 2008 were analyzed in order to observe the formative characteristics of men's and women's suits. Research results showed that in the 1980s suits pursued a more comfortable and natural fit based on the original properties of simplicity, modernity, and practicality; in addition, women's suits had a tendency to use excessive shoulder pads due to the power-look influence. In the early 1990s exaggerated shoulders and boxy straight silhouettes were in fashion but towards the later years suit designs gradually started to fit the body and established a skinny versus slouch conflict. Women's suits gradually began to show more curvy body lines, and men's suits became more feminine on the surface in terms of color and material. In the 2000s suits have become more feminine and sensual than the 1990s, design focuses of both men's and women's suits moved to the waistline. Skinny and long styles became the ideal silhouette and differences between formative characteristics of the two genders decreased. Fashion elements of men's and women's suits are seen to have changed with a mutual intimate connection under the influence of a similar societal environment.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.27
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• pp.291-317
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• 2012

Until now, the 'Ie' system, the distinct Japanese Family system, was dominantly recognized as the vestige of former feudal system. But as the research for gender-especially the family history-gets active, various aspects showing that 'Ie' is the modern product developed through thoroughly intended plans of Meiji government after latter-day. According to Ueno Chizuko, 'Ie' system is not at all a traditional feudal system, but it rather is the family revised by modernization, in other word, it is the Japanese version of modern family. This words began with it being the study of goodwill, and recognizing that 'Ie' is the creation of modernization, and as well as the need to listen to the new woman's inner voice under the Japanese patriarchal system. The most appealing characteristic of modern Japanese patriarchal system is that the it needs only the family members who are dedicated to the 'Nation'. With this, women were expected to submit to the authority and their roles, which are, as a wife and mother who obeys by supporting, preserving, and maintaining the patriarchal system. But as the new women themselves expressed their independence, these roles are hard to be expected. It was no other than new women's magazine Seito which arose against the Japanese patriarchal system. In this statement, careful observation was done on the novel based on tiny internal conflicts or the aspects of anguish, that could not have been illustrated enough after judging the significant issues of early modern liberalism of women based on new women's editorials, discussions, that were illustrated most directly and compressively. Through this, it was pointed out that Seito magazine is not consisted logically, and that reason for that is the female authors' different desires were tangled and it reflects the complicated situation of that period whether they were intended or not. Overall, unlike the literatures (men-centered) of same era, the genre of literature or the novel did not put them on prerogative place, and confirmation could be made once again that the women's writing aspects are related closely with gender recognition more than anything.