• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.250-257
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• 2016

This study was conducted to extract the factors affecting the microbial safety of leaf and stem vegetables in the high school foodservice and to provide information for supplying the safe foodservice menu. The lunch and dinner menu (1,945 data) of the total 6 high schools at the Central and the South Region in March, June, September, and December were collected. The frequency analysis and the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) based on the 3 factors (potentially hazardous food (PHF), leafy and stem vegetables in the menu, the cooking methods) were conducted. The most frequent PHF was the menu of blanched vegetables, salads, seaweeds and fried chicken. The most frequent consumed leaf and stem vegetables were spinach, chive, lettuce, Western cabbage, perilla leaf, iceberg lettuce, chicory, leek and broccoli. MCA based on the leaf and stem vegetables, the region, and the cooking method (cooked/non-cooked) showed that garlic stem and spinach were more used in the Central Region, while water drop-wort were more used in the South Region. Iceberg lettuce, Bok choy and leek were included frequently in the PHF menu. Plant products frequently used in PHF menu requires the food safety system such as Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) to reduce the microbial risk. The menu database according to raw materials based on cooking methods (heating or mixing) as well as the development and verification of menu based on the microbial safety will be contributed to provide the safer foodservice menu.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of nursing students interest in health matters concerning themselves and compare it to non-nursing students. The results were to be categorized and used as health content recommendation when organizing health curriculum and planning health education programmes. The instruments used this study were 'The Health Inventory and The Health Need Inventory introduced to 80 items from 125 items by Lee in Korea(1980). There was a very high correlation between the 125 items and condensed 80 items (r=0.9508, t=11.0643. p<.001). The convenience sample was chosen from 226 nursing students and 204 non-nursing students in the departments of humanities of college in Inchun and Ansan from March 4 to April 5. 1996. Data were analyzed by the SAS computer Program. The results are as follow: When comparing health interest of nursing student group with non-nursing student group, total group mean of nursing students was significantly higher than that of non-nursing students (t=2.977 p<.01). But the rank order of the nursing student group was similar to that of the non-nursing group. and what nursing student felt interested was coincident with what non-nursing students felt as being necessary. The most interested health area between nursing student and non-nursing students were ${\ulcorner$personal hygiene & grooming${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$weight control${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$sex education${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$mental health${\lrcorner}$. On the other hand the least interested health areas were. ${\ulcorner$smoking and health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$alcohol and health${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$drug and narcotics${\lrcorner}$ In non -nursing students but in nursing students ${\ulcorner$structure and function of body${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$dental health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$safety${\lrcorner}$. Comparing students health interest by major In college, total group mean of nursing students is significantly higher than that of non-nursing students in 14 health areas including ${\ulcorner$community health${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$control and prevention disease${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$consumer health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$family health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$mental health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$personal hygiene and grooming${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$safety${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$structure and function of body${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$sex education${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$alcohol and health ${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$ drug and narcotics${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner$smoking and health${\lrcorner}$ The following recommendations could be made considering the above mentioned factors: 1. The priority of health content should reflect the items to the highest interest area of students and highest need area of adults. 2. The health items which were significantly different in the area of health interest, by major, should be used in planning health education programmes and organizing health curricula.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.366-371
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• 2015

This work was conducted to apply the multi class pesticide multiresidue method for determining the use of hexaconazole in the agricultural products using GC-NPD. The multi class pesticide multiresidue method results were validated for the assay of hexaconazole by using linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and quantitation. The linearity in the concentration ranged from 0.025 to 5.0 mg/L ($R^2$ > 0.999). Lettuce recoveries ranged from 89.42% to 94.15% with relative standard deviations below 7.78%, for spiking levels from 0.04 to 4.0 mg/kg. The limit of detection was 0.04 mg/kg, and the limit of quantitation was 0.11 mg/kg. The intra- and inter-day precisions were 2.42~3.49% and 4.90~7.78%, respectively. We suggested that the multi class pesticide multiresidue method for determining hexaconazole was highly accurate and reproducible, and it will be used as a routine analysis in agricultural products.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2007

Quality attributes of fresh-cut chicory (Clchorium intybus L.var. foliosum) treated with hydrocooling and packing type were investigated in terms of weight loss, respiration, vitamin C content, microbial load and sensory properties during storage at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;10^{\circ}C$. Fresh chicory was trimmed and washed 3 times with cold water $(1^{\circ}C,\;5^{\circ}C)$ and tap water $(10^{\circ}C)$ for 30 sec and then packaged in polypropylene (PP) film bag and polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) tray, and stored for 9 days at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;10^{\circ}C$. Weight loss was decreased by washing and packing generally. Respiration rate was increased slowly in the storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Vitamin C content of chicory packaged within PETE tray were decreased gradually during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Hydrocooling and packing within PETE tray treatments resulted in approximately 1-2 log CFU/g reduction of microbial load.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2017

Recently, the area of marine resources has become concerned with sources for the next generation of the bio-industry. Until present, development of the marine resources has remained limited, although a large number of these resources are considered to have potential for various significant biological activities. Most marine sponges, marine algae and coral could be used to create specific compounds for survival against a harsh environment. Therefore, it was necessary that these materials needed to be elucidated with biological activities, such as like anti-inflammatory, anti-viral or anti-cancer effects for their utilization in the bio-industry. In this study, we screened extracts of marine resources for their anti-cancer effect on human colorectal cancer cells. These resources were collected at Kosrae of Micronesia on April, 2013 and extracted with methanol. Cytotoxicity of marine resources was observed. Of a total of 20 specimens, three specimens dose-dependently demonstration inhibition of cell viability. Furthermore, cells treated with these specimens for 48h were induced p53, p21, Bax and caspase-3. The results suggest that they involved p53-mediated apoptosis. Two positive specimens (1304KO-327 and 1304KO-329) were verified as the identical materials, which are Hyrtios sp. Unfortunately 1304KO-207 was not yet classified and needed to identify in the further study. There results suggested that marine resources with positive potential in anticancer effect would be good candidates as useful bio-resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2016

Crew fatigue has been recognized as a major cause of maritime accidents. Systematic study on crew fatigue has a direct impact on the human factor, but the various measures being taken to prevent human error account for most of the causes of marine accidents situation are still insufficient. In this study, 128 people who have a variety of career and job types boarded the T/S Hanbada were analyzed the changes of fatigue during the 87-days a Maritime Silk Road Sailing Expedition. Crew fatigue was measured by period of time onboard classified as mental, physiological and physical changes through survey responses and individual interviews of nurses. Also, it was identified the fatigue factor through quantitative statistical analysis. As a result of repeated measures analysis of variance for the changes of fatigue in position and gender criteria in accordance with boarded period, the position-specific analysis was that Professor Rating group has appeared to feel more mental and physical fatigue than the student population. Also, the results of fatigability about the sex-specific analysis have been found that women feel more physical fatigue than men.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 2009

Most propionic acid is added to food (especially breads) as preservatives and its form is sodium or calcium salt. Most countries admitted propionic acid as food preservatives but a tolerance limit is somewhat different according to countries. Recoveries of the official method for propionates reported as 50.0~60.0%. Accordingly new rapid determination method for propionates was developed using formic acid added sodium chloride (5 g) and ether (formic acid : ether = 1 : 2) as the extraction solvent to improve the official method with the complex processes. Propionate was dissolved from the samples with formic acid omitting steam distillation and ion exchange procedure. Then propionate in formic acid was extracted with ether and sodium chloride again. A $1\;{\mu}l$ aliquot of the filtrate of ether was analyzed by gas chromatograph. Recoveries from sample A and B fortified with propionic acid sodium salt were 85.0 % and 90.0 %, respectively.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.159-170
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• 2019

This study is an online survey for consumers in the metropolitan areas of Japan and Korea, which are advanced countries in Asia, and the maturity of the automobile market. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of Korea and Japan. As a result of this study, we analyzed the differences between the consumer characteristics and the optional attribute factors of low-carbon automobiles of Korea. There was a difference. It was found that the factors of low carbon car selection attribute differed with age, and that stability was more important when selecting low carbon car as income level increased. In Japan, there were no differences in the selection attribute factors of low carbon cars by gender, age and income. In addition, there is no difference in the relationship between the future purchase timings of low-carbon car types in both Korea and Japan. Implications of this study Korea has a meaningful result that Korea tends to select low-carbon automobiles with an emphasis on economic aspects and ages, and that safety tends to emphasize safety of low-carbon automobiles according to income levels. In the case of low carbon car, there was a tendency to select a low carbon car without any difference in consumer characteristics. The relationship between the expected purchase time according to the type of low carbon car and the Korean car show that the preferred car within the next 10 years among the low carbon car types is electric car and Japan prefers hybrid car.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.345-354
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• 2019

Objectives: It is well-known that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among firefighters contributes to their job-related stress. However, the relationship between burnout and PTSD in firefighters has rarely been studied. This study therefore explored the association between burnout and its related factors, such as trauma and violence, and PTSD symptoms among firefighters in Korea. Methods: A total of 535 firefighters participated in the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health study at 3 university hospitals from 2016 to 2017. The 535 participants received a baseline health examination, including questionnaires assessing their mental health. A Web-based survey was also conducted to collect data on job-related stress, history of exposure to violence, burnout, and trauma experience. The associations among burnout, its related factors, and PTSD symptoms were investigated using structural equation modeling. Results: Job demands (${\beta}=0.411$, p<0.001) and effort-reward balance (${\beta}=-0.290$, p<0.001) were significantly related to burnout. Burnout (${\beta}=0.237$, p<0.001) and violence (${\beta}=0.123$, p=0.014) were significantly related to PTSD risk. Trauma (${\beta}=0.131$, p=0.001) was significantly related to burnout; however, trauma was not directly associated with PTSD scores (${\beta}=0.085$, p=0.081). Conclusions: Our results show that burnout and psychological, sexual, and physical violence at the hands of clients directly affected participants' PTSD symptoms. Burnout mediated the relationship between trauma experience and PTSD.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.255-263
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• 2021

In this study, we assessed the technological characteristics and safety of 88 Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from meju; the strains possess the glutamate decarboxylase gene gadA/B involved in γ-aminobutyric acid production. The study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of introducing E. faecium meju isolates as food fermentation starters. We observed that a NaCl concentration of 6% (w/v) facilitated the growth and acid production of all strains. At a NaCl concentration of 7%, 21 strains (24%) exhibited a low growth rate, 72 strains (82%) a weak acid production, and 16 strains (18%) showed no acid production. All strains exhibited protease activity at a NaCl concentration of 4%. At a NaCl concentration of 5%, 86 strains exhibited weak activity, and one strain showed no protease activity. We could not detect any lipase activity in the investigated strains. None of the strains exhibited an acquired antibiotic resistance to the seven antibiotics tested in the present study, namely ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline, and vancomycin. We could identify the Enterococcus endocarditis antigen gene efaA and the tyrosine decarboxylase gene tdc contributing to tyramine production, in 88 meju isolates. We could not detect the Enterococcus surface protein gene esp, which is specifically possessed by human-originated E. faecium strains, in any of the 88 strains tested in the study.