• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2023

Only about 10% of selected equipment in nuclear power plants are monitored by wiring to address failures or problems caused by vibration. The purpose is primarily for preventive maintenance, not for predictive maintenance. This paper shows that vibration monitoring and diagnosis using Industrial 4.0 enables the complete predictive maintenance for all vibrating equipments in nuclear power plants with the convergence of internet of things; wireless technology, big data through periodic collection and artificial intelligence. Predictive maintenance using wireless technology is possible in all areas of nuclear power plants and in all systems, but it should satisfy regulatory guides on electromagnetic interference and cyber security.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.52-61
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• 2023

We designed a novel ultra-miniaturized microcolumn structure having an stigmator to significantly improve throughput per unit time, which is the biggest disadvantage of microcolumns. We adopted the structure of the stigmator in the form of an electrostatic octupole electrode, and used an electrostatic quadrupole deflector with a relatively simple structure considering the increase in wiring due to the introduction of the stigmator. We have dramatically reduced the effect of astigmatism that occurs when the electron beam probe is scanned to the periphery of the target by introducing the stigmator between the control electrode and the deflector. As our numerical analysis simulation results, the field of view obtained as a result of this study is about 46.3% improved compared to our previous study, and the electron beam probe size of less than 10 nm was achieved in the entire field of view.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the radiological and clinical outcomes of internal fixation using a reconstruction plate and 21G circumferential wire in comminuted midshaft clavicular fractures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on 51 patients between 2005 and 2019. Thirty-two patients underwent internal fixation with a reconstruction plate and a 21G circumferential wire with minimal soft tissue detachment, and 19 patients underwent surgery without a wire. The patients were assessed with the radiographic parameters, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score. Based on this, patients who operated without a circumferential wire were set as the control group, and the differences in bone union between the two groups were compared. Results: Thirty-two patients were followed-up for an average of 65 weeks, and 19 patients in the control group were followed-up for an average of 56 weeks. The radiological evaluation confirmed the anatomical reduction and bone union in all 32 patients. No case of nonunion was present. The UCLA score was 32.38 on average and 33.11 in the control group (p=0.395). The VAS score was 1.00 on average and 0.84 in the control group (p=0.668). A significant difference in the bony union time was observed between the group who underwent internal fixation with a reconstruction plate and a 21G circumferential wire with minimal soft tissue detachment, and the control group (p=0.015). On the other hand, there was no statistical significance when other variables were controlled (p=0.107). Conclusion: For displaced midshaft clavicular fractures, internal fixation using a reconstruction plate and 21G circumferential wire maintained accurate anatomical reduction. The satisfactory clinical and radiological results mean that internal fixation using a reconstruction plate and 21G circumferential wire may be a good option for surgical treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8940-8947
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• 2015

Mixed-model assembly line has been widely used in automotive assembly industry to quickly respond the diverse product demands. But, this model can lead to part confusion, which is a source for assembly errors when parts are physically interchangeable in a mixed-model assembly line. With the recent application of new technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID) and ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN) to the assembly process, real-time information has become available in this manufacturing systems through IT infrastructures. At first, this paper presents an RFID application for assembly processes, specifically, for a mixed-model assembly line. Thus, to ensure that parts be picked accurately, each cockpit module on the assembly line is attached with a RFID tag and the tag is scanned using a RFID reader and recognizes the vehicle, and each part of the cockpit module is attached with a barcode and the barcode is scanned by a barcode reader and each part is identified correctly for the vehicle. Second, this paper presents a ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN) protocol-based application for a reconfigurable mixed-model assembly line of cockpit module to reduce the assembly errors and the cost of the change/reconfiguration on the assembly lines due to the various orders and new models from the motor company, avoiding the wiring efforts and inconvenience by wiring between the several RFID devices and the IT server system. Finally, we presents the operation results for several years using this RFID/ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN) protocol-based cockpit module assembly line.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 1989

The is a retrospective study on the transoral approach to open reduction of the Mandibular fractures. Our study was based on a series of 64 patients with mandibular fractures among 99 patients of facial bone fractures who had been treated by transoral approach with or without extraoral approach at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei Medical Center, Yonsei University from January 1981 to October 1988. We studied favorite sites of open reduction, fixation methods, results and prognosis related to transoral approaches of Mandibular fractures, and which compared with extraoral approaches. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The transoral open reduction was used more frequently in Mandibular fractures(64.6%) than Midfacial bone fractures(35.4%). Among 64 patients of mandibular fractures, 47 patients(73.4%) were treated only by transoral approach and others(26.6%) were treated by both trans- and extra-oral approach. Among 92 sites of mandibular fractures, 75 sites(81.5%) were treated by transoral approach and 17(18.5%) were treated by extraoral approach. 2. The most favorite site for transoral approach compared with extraoral approach was Symphysis(100%), and Angle(62.5%) was next in order of frequency on Mandibular fractures. 3. Direct Interosseous Wiring(DIW) was most commonly used for fixation(64.6%) and Miniplate osteosynthesis was used next in 28.1%. 4. Simple(39.1%) and Compound(52.2%) fractures were frequently indicated for transoral approach, however comminuted fractures were rarely indicated. 5. The direction of fracture lines on Angle of the mandible did not influence to determine whether transoral approach should be selected or not. However this area seemed to be more difficult to reduce exactly by transoral procedure than other areas because simultaneous superior and inferior fixation was applied predominantly on this area. 6. The success rate of reduction and fixation analyzed from us was more excellent in Direct Interosseous Wiring(29/53=54.7%) than in Rigid Internal Fixation(9/29=31.0%). But it might be depended upon various factors as like as sugeon's skill. 7. The postoperative complication due to transoral open reduction of mandible was not high(12.0%) and this rate was similar with other published reports.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.83-88
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to study for a failure examples producing in electronic control air conditioner in vehicle. The first example, it looked for the repetitive fuse cutting phenomenon that the diode using for a surge voltage prevention of inner A/C relay damaged because of no absorbing the surge voltage by short of diode when the A/C is off. The second example, it knew the icing phenomenon of evaporator that the A/C ECU didn't control the A/C because of inner cutting of fin thermo sensor. The third example, it verified the operation trouble phenomenon because of the A/C switch and for sensor burned in flames by short phenom enon when the sheath of the cable has peeled off. Therefore, the driver have to manage the optimism system of a car by thoroughgoing inspection and improvement the failure phenomenon.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2010

Excessive oral and maxillofacial bleeding causes upper airway obstruction, bronchotracheal and gastric aspiration and hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the rapid and correct bleeding control is very important for saving lives in the emergency room. Despite the conventional bleeding control methods of wiring (jaw fracture, wound suture and direct pressure), continuous bleeding can occur due to the presence of various bleeding disorders. There are five main causes for excessive bleeding disorders in the clinical phase; (1) vascular wall alteration (infection, scurvy etc.), (2) disorders of platelet function (3) thrombocytopenic purpura (4) inherited disorders of coagulation, and (5) acquired disorders of coagulation (liver disease, anticoagulant drug etc.). In particular, infections can alter the structure and function of the vascular wall to a point at which the patient may have a clinical bleeding problem due to vessel engorgement and erosion. Wound infection is a frequent cause of postoperative active bleeding. To prevent postoperative bleeding, early infection control using a wound suture with proper drainage establishment is very important, particularly in the active bleeding sites in a contaminated emergency room. This is a case report of a rational bleeding control method by rapid wiring, wound suture with drainage of a rubber strip & iodoform gauze and wet gauze packing, in a 26-year-old male cerebral palsy patient with active oral and maxillofacial bleeding injuries caused by a traffic accident.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.29-35
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• 2017

In this paper, we investigated a manufacturing process of metal micro-wire interconnection on submillimeter diameter catheter. Over the years, flexible electronic researches have focused on flexible plane polymer substrate and micro electrode manufacturing on its surface. However, a curved polymer substrate, such as catheter, is very important for medical application. Among many catheters, importance of submillimeter diameter steerable catheter is increasing to resolve the several limitations of neurosurgery. Steering actuators have been researched for realizing the steerable catheter, but there is no research about practical wiring for driving these actuators. Therefore we developed a new manufacturing process for metal micro-wire interconnection on submillimeter diameter catheter. We designed custom jigs for alignment of the metal micro-wires on the submillimeter diameter catheter. An UV curing system and commercial products were used to reduce the manufacturing time and cost; Au micro-wire, UV curable epoxy, UV lamp, and submillimeter diameter catheter. The assembled catheter was characterized by using an optical microscope, a resistance meter, and a universal testing machine.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-50
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• 2003

In this paper, a new high resolution reflectometry scheme, time-frequency domain reflectometry (TFDR), is proposed to detect and locate fault in wiring. Traditional reflectometry methods have been achieved in either the time domain or frequency domain only. However, time-frequency domain reflectometry utilizes time and frequency information of a transient signal to detect and locate the fault. The time-frequency domain reflectometry approach described in this paper is characterized by time-frequency reference signal design and post-processing of the reference and reflected signals to detect and locate the fault. Design of the reference signal in time-frequency domain reflectometry is based on the determination of the frequency bandwidth of the physical properties of cable under test. The detection and estimation of the fault on the time-frequency domain reflectometry relies on the time-frequency domain reflectometry is compared with commercial time domain reflectomtery (TDR) instrument. In these experiments provided in this paper, TFDR locates the fault with smaller error than TDR. Knowledge of time and frequency localized information for the reference and reflected signal gained via time-frequency analysis, allows one to detect the fault and estimate the location accurately.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.261-270
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• 2019

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, multi-variety production in the up-to-date manufacturing environment is proceeding more rapidly whereby production planning and management have been getting more complicated. Moreover, the need to improve production efficiency through effective operation sequencing is further heightened. Fundamentally, the effective operation sequencing can reduce the set-up of the equipment, efficiently utilize the equipment, shorten the set-up time, and ultimately contribute to productivity improvement. This study deals with the problem of efficient operation sequencing in a situation where a single machine performs multiple operations. The complexity of the problem is very high when compared to the case where only one operation is performed on one machine, which is covered in most existing studies. In this paper, we propose an integer programming model to minimize the number of setups. This study aims at minimizing the number of mold replacement times in the process of processing a given production order for the wiring harness manufacturing process, which is one of the components of automobile electric field. In addition, brief case studies are presented to verify the validity of the proposed mathematical model.