• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.7 no.11
• /
• pp.2793-2803
• /
• 2013

In H.264, three different data partition types are used, which have unequal importance to the reconstructed video quality. To improve the performance of H.264 video streaming transmission over IEEE 802.11e Wireless Local Area Networks, a prioritization mechanism that categorizes different partition types to different priority classes according to the calculated distortion within one Group of Pictures. In the proposed scheme, video streams have been encoded based on the H.264 codec with its data partition enabled. The dynamic scheduling scheme based on Enhanced Distributed Channel Access has been configured to differentiate the data partitions according to their distortion impact and the queue utilization ratio. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the received video quality by 1dB in PSNR compared with the existing Enhanced Distributed Channel Access static mapping scheme.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.53-67
• /
• 2004

We propose an advanced transaction scheduling protocol to improve the concurrency and to guarantee the mobility for the mobile database management systems. Mobility, portability, and wireless link In mobile computing environment can cause certain drawbacks, and thus it is more difficult to solve the concurrency control problems. However, a locking scheme should be used to guarantee the data consistency and to prevent the data conflicts. It is well known that data consistency is guaranteed by standard transaction scheduling schemes like two-phase locking (2PL). It has two of operation, lock and unlock. But 2PL does not give solution for mobile system. Altruistic Locking (AL) and classifying transactions, we adapt, can give solution for the previous problems. AL, as an advanced protocol, has attempted to reduce delay effects associated with lock release moment by the use of donation. In this paper, we extend those approaches and classify the transactions to reduce delay effects of short-lived transaction caused by long-lived transaction. In addition, we show efficient solution for the case of disconnection occurrence. Our protocol, namely, Mobile Altruistic Locking (MAL) is shown to be efficiently used in order to reduce delay effects and to guarantee database consistency in a state of the slippery connection in mobile database systems.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.130-139
• /
• 2010

Environmental issues and the need to reduce energy consumption for lowering operating costs have pushed power efficiency to become one of the major issues of current research in the field of wireless networks. This paper addresses a number of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding and scheduling techniques across the PHY and MAC layers that can operate under a reduced link budget and collectively improve the transmit power efficiency of a base station, while maintaining the same levels of service. Different MIMO transmission and precoding schemes proposed for LTE, achieving varying degrees of multiuser diversity in both the time, frequency as well as the space domain, are examined. Several fairness-aware resource allocation algorithms are applied to the considered MIMO schemes and a detailed analysis of the tradeoffs between power efficiency and quality of service is presented. This paper explicitly examines the performance of a system serving real-time, VoIP traffic under different traffic loading conditions and transmit power levels. It is demonstrated that by use of efficient scheduling and resource allocation techniques significant savings in terms of consumed energy can be achieved, without compromising QoS.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.4 no.5
• /
• pp.691-708
• /
• 2010

An important issue of supporting multi-users with diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements over wireless networks is how to optimize the systematic scheduling by intelligently utilizing the available network resource while, at the same time, to meet each communication service QoS requirement. In this work, we study the problem of a variety of communication services over multi-media heterogeneous cognitive OFDM system. We first divide the communication services into two parts. Multimedia applications such as broadband voice transmission and real-time video streaming are very delay-sensitive (DS) and need guaranteed throughput. On the other side, services like file transmission and email service are relatively delay tolerant (DT) so varying-rate transmission is acceptable. Then, we formulate the scheduling as a convex optimization problem, and propose low complexity distributed solutions by jointly considering channel assignment, bit allocation, and power allocation. Unlike prior works that do not care computational complexity. Furthermore, we propose the FAASA (Fairness Assured Adaptive Sub-carrier Allocation) algorithm for both DS and DT users, which is a dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithm in order to maximize throughput while taking into account fairness. We provide extensive simulation results which demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed schemes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2018.07a
• /
• pp.205-206
• /
• 2018

본 논문에서는 IoT 환경의 무선 센서 네트워크 시스템 상의 효율적인 패킷 전달을 위해 큐러닝(Q-learning)에 기반한 다중 대기열 동적 스케쥴링 기법을 제안한다. 이 정책은 다중 대기열(Multiple queue)의 각 큐가 요구하는 딜레이 조건에 맞춰 최대한 패킷 처리를 미룸으로써 효율적으로 CPU자원을 분배한다. 또한 각 노드들의 상태를 큐러닝(Q-learning)을 통해 지속적으로 상태를 파악하여 기아상태(Starvation)를 방지한다. 제안하는 기법은 무선 센서 네트워크 상의 가변적이고 예측 불가능한 환경에 대한 사전지식이 없이도 요구하는 서비스의 질(Quality of service)를 만족할 수 있도록 한다. 본 논문에서는 모의실험을 통해 기존의 학습 기반 패킷 스케쥴링 알고리즘과 비교하여 제안하는 스케쥴링 기법이 복잡한 요구조건에 따라 유연하고 공정한 서비스를 제공함에 있어 우수함을 증명하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2018.07a
• /
• pp.45-46
• /
• 2018

본 논문에서는 시간에 엄격한(Time critical) 산업용 IoT(Industrial IoT) 환경의 무선 센서 네트워크 시스템 상의 효율적인 패킷 전달과 정확도(Accuracy) 향상을 위해 강화학습과 EDF 알고리즘을 혼합한 스케쥴링 기법을 제안한다. 이 방식은 다중 대기열(Multiple queue) 환경에서 각 대기열의 요구 정확도(Accuracy Requirement)를 기준으로 최대한 패킷 처리를 미룸으로써 효율적인 CPU자원 분배와 패킷 손실율(Packet Loss)을 조절한다. 제안하는 기법은 무선 센서 네트워크 상의 가변적이고 예측 불가능한 환경에 대한 사전지식이 없이도 요구하는 서비스의 질(Quality of service)를 만족할 수 있도록 한다. 또한 정확도를 요구조건으로 제시하여 마감시간이 중요시되는 작업에서도 효율을 최대화한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we consider a source node that operates over a time varying channel with energy harvesting capability. The goal of the source is to maximize the average number of successfully delivered packets per time slot. The source is able to choose whether to transmit a packet or defer the transmission in each time slot. The decision which is chosen by the source depends on the channel information available and the length of the energy queue. We formulate the problem of finding the optimal policy as a Markovian decision problem. We show some properties of the value function that represents the discounted number of successfully delivered packets per time slot. We prove that the optimal policy is a threshold type policy depending on the state of the channel and the length of the energy queue. We also derive an upper bound for the average number of packets per time slots successfully received by the destination. We show using numerical results that this bound is a tight bound on the performance of the optimal policy. And we consider the case of time varying channel but without channel state information (CSI). Then, we study the impact of channel time varying nature and the availability of CSI. In this case, we show that the optimal policy is a greedy policy. The performance of this greedy policy is also calculated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2018.01a
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 2018

본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 신뢰성 있는 데이터 패킷 전송을 위한 효율적인 스케줄링 기법을 제안한다. 무선 네트워크는 수천 개의 센서노드, 게이트웨이, 그리고 소프트웨어로 구성된다. 큐러닝(Q-learning)을 기반으로 한 스케줄링 기법은 동적인 무선센서 네트워크 환경의 실시간 및 비실시간적인 데이터에 대한 사전 지식을 필요로 하지 않는다. 따라서 최종 결과 값을 도출하기 전에 스케줄링 정책을 구할 수 있다. 제안하는 기법은 데이터 패킷의 종류, 처리시간, 그리고 대기시간을 고려한 기법으로 신뢰성 있는 데이터 패킷의 전송을 보장하고, 전체 데이터 패킷에 공정성을 부여한다. 본 논문에서는 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존의 FIFO 알고리즘과 비교하여 제안하는 스케줄링 기법이 전체 데이터 패킷에 대한 공정성 및 신뢰성 측면에서 우수함을 증명하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2005.07a
• /
• pp.310-312
• /
• 2005

무선 인터넷 프록시 서버 클러스터에서 부하 분산기는 사용자의 요청을 각 서버(호스트)로 분산시키는 역할을 한다. 리눅스 가상 서버(LVS: Linux Virtual Server)는 소프트웨어적으로 사용되는 부하 분산기로서 여러 가지 스케줄링 방식들을 가지고 있다. 그러나 부하 분산시에 서버(호스트)의 유동적인 부하 정보를 반영하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 이에 개선된 방식으로 서버의 동시 연결 개수에 따라 상한계(Upper Bound)와 하한계(Lower Bound)를 설정하고, 요청을 분산하는 동적 스케줄링(Dynamic Scheduling)이 존재한다. 그러나 사용자의 요청 컨텐츠에 따라 상한계와 하한계가 바뀔 수 있음에도 불구하고 이 값들이 고정되어 있다는 단점을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 호스트 부하 정보에 기반한 스케줄링 방식을 제안한다. 제안된 방식은 호스트의 부하 정보를 바탕으로 사용자의 요청을 분산하였으며, 사용자의 요청에 따라 상한계와 하한계가 바뀔 수 있음을 고려하여 상한계와 하한계를 설정하지 않고 사용자 요청 컨텐츠에 따라 적절하게 요청이 분배되도록 하였다. 16대의 컴퓨터를 사용하여 실험을 수행하였으며, 실험 결과 사용자가 요청하는 컨텐츠가 동일한 경우에는 기존 스케줄링 방식과 $13\%$ 성능 감소를 다른 경우에는 기존 스케줄링 방식보다 $102\%$의 성능 향상을 보임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.1436-1458
• /
• 2017

Quorum-based algorithms are widely used for solving several problems in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and wireless sensor networks (WSN). Several quorum-based protocols are proposed for multi-hop ad hoc networks that each one has its pros and cons. Quorum-based protocol (QEC or QPS) is the first study in the asynchronous sleep scheduling protocols. At the time, most of the proposed protocols were non-adaptive ones. But nowadays, adaptive quorum-based protocols have gained increasing attention, because we need protocols which can change their quorum size adaptively with network conditions. In this paper, we first introduce the most popular quorum systems and explain quorum system properties and its performance criteria. Then, we present a comparative and comprehensive survey of the non-adaptive and adaptive quorum-based protocols which are subsequently discussed in depth. We also present the comparison of different quorum systems in terms of the expected quorum overlap size (EQOS) and active ratio. Finally, we summarize the pros and cons of current adaptive and non-adaptive quorum-based protocols.