• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2011

Physiological responses to salinity stress were evaluated in six rice genotypes differing in their tolerance to salinity at the seedling stage. Susceptible genotypes ('Dongjingbyeo', 'Hwayeongbyeo', and 'IR29') showed salt injury symptoms (mean 8.8) and higher visual score under salt stress than that of tolerant ones ('Pokkali', 'IR74009', and 'IR73571'). As salinity affects growth and physiological parameters, the six genotypes thus showed significant reduction because of salt stress. Tolerant Japonica/Indica bred lines ('IR74009', 'IR73571') showed lower reduction, 33.9%, 34.5%, and 50%, respectively, in plant seedling height, dry shoot weight and dry root weight than those of the susceptible Japonica varieties ('Dongjingbyeo', 'Hwayeongbyeo'), and the highest reduction under salt stress was observed in dry root weight, followed by dry shoot weight and seedling height, respectively. Shoot $Na^+$ concentration of IR74099 and IR73571 was lower than that of the susceptible varieties, 'Dongjinbyeo' and 'Hwayeongbyeo'. There were no significant differences among genotypes in root $Na^+$ concentration. Shoot $K^+$ concentration showed a reverse tendency compared to shoot $Na^+$ concentration. IR74009 and IR73571 had considerably lower ratio compared to 'Dongjinbyeo' and 'Hwayeongbyeo' in $Na^+/K^+$ ratio of their shoot and was not different the tolerant check, 'Pokkali'.

• 물과 미래
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.239-248
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• 1986

Monthly wind stress, wind stress curl and volume transport stream functions are computed in the Eastern Sea(Japan Sea) based upon observed wind and atmospheric pressure data respectively. The presented two results show different distributios on locality and season but as common features the results reveal the northwesterly surface wind stress \ulcorner 새 the monsoon in winter, south to southwesterly wind stress \ulcorner 새 the southerly wind in summer and strond anticyclonic curl in the northern part on the Eastern Sea(Japan Sea) in winter. In the distributions obtained from the sea level atmospheric pressure data, the maximum value of the wind stress and of curls of small scales are shown off the southeast coast of Siberia and northeast coast of Korea. Volume transport distributions obtained from the Sverdrup relationship suggest that the strong northward boundary current can be formed along the northeast coast of Korea in winter and weak southward boundary current in summer.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.276-280
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• 2005

Low temperature is one of the most severe abiotic stress factors limiting growth, productivity and distribution of winter cereals. Reliable field screening method, which can detect small differences in winter survival, is important for the effective selection and development of plants to identity superior cold tolerant winter cereal genotypes. This study was undertaken to provide improved screening method of winter hardiness in the field by increasing the accuracy in evaluating winter hardiness of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We introduced furrow in field screening of winter survival. By sowing the plants at the ridge and base, we could minimize the effect of topographic variation in a field by giving higher and lower level of stress at the same time. This method could be used by breeders to conduct accurate evaluation of winter hardiness by selecting the better treatment, which shows close to normal distribution, among the winter survival rate from the ridge, base and mean survival rate of the two in a screening field.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2005

The changes of O-J-I-P transients were investigated using leaves of four subtropical plant species (Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum, Osmanthus insularis, Chloranthus glaber and Asplenium antiquum) under the natural conditions in winter, in order to select the stress indicators for diagnosing physiological states of plants under low temperature. In the O-J-I-P transients of these species, the fluorescence intensity was found to be higher in O-step and lower in P-step in winter than in summer. Particularly, the fluorescence intensity of the P-step in Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum was lower than those of other three plant species, indicating that Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum is the most sensitive to low temperature. Of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters derived from O-J-I-P transients of four subtropical plants, Fm, Fv/Fo, ABS/CS, TRo/CS, $\phi_{po}$ and $\phi_{po}/(1-\phi_{po})$ decreased significantly with the increase of Fo, Sm, N, EToICS, ETo/RC and $\psi_o/(1-\psi_o)$ depending on temperature drop in winter. Therefore, these parameters could be used as indicators for estimating low temperature stress and diagnosing physiological states of plants under the natural conditions in winter.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2019

본 연구는 겨울철에 발생하여 육성된 닭들과 여름철에 발생하여 육성된 닭들 간의 열 스트레스 반응 정도와 생산능력을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 공시계로는 겨울철에 발생된 한국토종종계 초생추 1,156수와 여름철에 발생된 초생추 934수로 총 2,090수를 분석 대상으로 하였다. 스트레스 반응정도와 생산능력을 비교하기 위하여 텔로미어의 함량과 heat shock proteins(HSPs)의 유전자 발현율을 분석하고, 생존율, 산란율 및 체중을 조사하였다. 분석 결과, HSP-70, $HSP-90{\alpha}$ 및 $HSP-90{\beta}$ 유전자 발현율은 겨울철에 발생하여 육성된 닭들이 여름철에 발생하여 육성된 닭들에 비하여 모두 유의하게 높은 발현값을 나타내었다. 텔로미어 함량은 겨울철과 여름철에 발생한 닭들 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 생존율에서는 여름철 발생하여 육성된 닭들이 겨울철에 발생하여 육성된 닭들에 비해 유의하게 높았고, 산란율 및 난중 또한 여름철 발생 계군이 높게 나타났다. 반면, 초산일령은 겨울철 발생 계군이 여름철 발생 계군에 비해 빨랐다. 체중에 있어서 24주까지는 겨울철 발생 계군이 여름철 발생 계군에 비해 높았으나, 28주 이후부터 발생 계군 간 역전된 결과를 보였다. 결론적으로 여름철에 발생하여 육성된 닭들이 겨울철에 발생하여 육성된 닭들에 비해 열 스트레스에 대한 저항성이 높고 생산성이 우수함을 보였다. 이는 발생 및 육성 초기에 고온에 노출된 닭들이 상대적으로 높은 열적응성을 습득한 결과로 사료된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2005

본 연구는 환경요인의 변화, 특히 겨울철 저온이 식물체에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 밝히기 위해, 저온감수성 식물인 문주란을 대상으로 겨울철 일주기에 있어서 항산화효소 활성과 O-J-I-P곡선의 변화를 조사하였다. 겨울철의 superoxide dismutase와 peroxidase의 활성은 여름철에 비해 다소 증가하였다. 특히, peroxidase는 겨울철 새벽과 밤에 높은 활성을 보였으며 초겨울에만 특이적으로 검출되는 isoenzyme들로 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 겨울철 문주란 잎의 O-J-I-P곡선에서 J, I, P-단계의 형광세기가 여름철에 비해 현저하게 감소하였다. 그리고, O-J-I-P곡선으로부터 산출된 주요 형광변수들 중에 Fm과 $\Phi_{po}$는 겨울철 저온에 노출되는 기간이 길어짐에 따라 각각 $30\%$와 $50\%$로 감소하였으며, ABS/RC는 초겨울보다는 늦은 겨울에 2배정도 증가하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2004

겨울철 저온에 의한 식물의 반응 및 생리적 상태를 확인하기 위해 문주란(Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum)을 대상으로 엽록소형광과 항산화효소 찬성의 변화를 조사하였다. O-J-I-P곡선을 분석한 결과 겨울철에 J, I, P-단계에서의 형광세기가 현저하게 간소하였다. 문주란 잎의 광계II의 광화학적 효율, 즉 Fv/Fm은 겨울철의 온도변화 추이와 유사하게 낮은 값을 나타내어 겨울철 저온이 스트레스 요인으로. 작용하는 것으로 보인다. 그리고, 겨울철에 superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase 활성 이 다소 증가하였으나 catalase 활성은 여름철에 비하여 크게 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 겨울철의 Fv/Fm의 감소와 함께 문주란이 겨울철 저온에 의해 산화적 스트레스에 처해 있게되며 세포사멸이 일어나는 것으로 해석된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2020

In order to understand the stress responses, we measured the concentration of stress hormones by using the fresh feces of wild otters in the Gwangju stream and Seomjin river during summer and winter in 2018. We compared seasonal and regional number of spraints (=otters' feces), temperature, altitude, water width, land cover, and water quality with stress hormones. The stress hormone levels were higher in summer than in winter, and significantly different to season and region. In addition, the number of feces were different according to the season and region, and showed a negative correlation with stress hormone. This study suggested assessing stress hormones as another promising method for the analysis of status of wild otters and it will contribute to establish the management and conservation policy, especially in urban area.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2004

The change of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, O-J-I-P transients and psbA gene expression were investigated in the leaves of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum on the natural condition in winter, in order to elucidate physiological responses of photosystem II (PS II) activity to winter stresses. The photochemical efficiencies of PS II, Fv/Fm, were significantly low in winter, contrary to its high value in summer. The values of I -qN and I-qP were lower in midday than at dawn or night both in summer and winter, although their decrease in midday was less in winter than in summer. In the O-J-I-P transients, the fluorescence intensity of J, I, P-step decreased remarkably depending on temperature drop in winter. And the D I reaction center protein of PS II decreased in late winter more than in early winter, concomitantly with relatively high content of description products of psbA gene in midday. These results indicate that low temperature in winter causes irreversible damage to PS II and subsequently leads to cell death.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2014

We estimated the influence of environmental factors on zooplankton communities at 25 reservoirs during winter (December 2010 to January 2011). Among zooplankton groups, Cyclops vicinus is more dominant during winter, and this is positively related to withered vegetation area and dissolved oxygen level. Therefore, the presence of withered vegetation might be considered as an important factor to determine C. vicinus distribution during winter. We considered that withered vegetation might be utilized as a habitat for C. vicinus, as well as provide an attachment substrate for periphytic algae. Abundance of periphytic algae can lead to high concentration of dissolved oxygen. Although copepods prefer high water temperatures for increasing their population growth, if Cyclops can overcome low temperature stress that leads to disruption of population, their population growth initiation in the next growing season (i.e. next spring) is possibly propelled by the winter population.