• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.813-822
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• 2017

To investigate the aroma and quality characteristics of wine bestowed by the degree of ripening of Cheongporang grapes, the general quality composition, color, organic acid, physiological activity, aroma component and sensory evaluation were analyzed. The general characteristics of the wine assessed were pH 3.34~3.50, total acidity 0.46~0.67%, color intensity 0.074~0.116, lightness 98.99~99.74, redness -0.39~0.01, and yellowness was 1.52~3.10. Malolactic fermentation was not relative to the contents of malic acid and lactic acid. The total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were lowest in C3 wines made with ripe grapes and highest in C4 wines made with mixed grapes. Aroma analysis identified 6 alcohols, 15 esters and 5 miscellaneous compounds. Compounds with higher odor activity value (OAV) were 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl butanoate, isopentyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate and octanoic acid. The C4 wine, a mixture of grapes with different degrees of ripening, had the highest ester content and ratio. The lowest values were found in the C3 wine made with ripe grapes. Results of the sensory evaluation related the C4 wine, containing a large amount of ester compounds having high OAV values as the aroma component, as the best and most preferred wine.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.471-475
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• 2004

The Oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC) in green and black tea, grape seeds, grapes and wine has raised much attention but that OPC in wild grape seed remains to be intensively investigated. This study investigated the total OPC contents and total antioxidant activity of wild grape seeds and developed an efficient extraction process with various temperatures, solvent compositions and times. Also, a chromatography column packed with the Dia-ion HP-20 resin was used for further purification of the ope. The total OPC contents were determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and the antioxidant activity using total antioxidant potential (TAP) and 1,1-dipheny|-2picrylhydrazy| (DPPH). The yield of final purified OPC was 1.78 (+)-catechin equivalent (CE) g/100 g, with $IC_{50}$ activities of TAP and DPPH of 31.60 and $15.70\;{\mu}\;g/mL$. These activi­ties of the final purified OPC were about two times higher than that of the BHA used as a refer­ence sample.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.496-502
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• 2013

Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are one of the most important fruits worldwide and are eaten raw or after conversion to jelly, jam, juice and wine. Grape skins are a major source of resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), which has the ability to reduce blood sugar as well as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and other beneficial cardiovascular effects. In this study, we investigated the increased accumulation of resveratrol in grape skin and leaves following ultrasonication treatment, which has been shown to induce resveratrol accumulation in several plants. Various ultrasonication treatment times and incubation periods were employed to identify the optimum conditions for the maximum accumulation of resveratrol. Treatment and further incubation led to increased resveratrol in both grape skins and leaves, with the highest increases of 7.7-fold and 1.9-fold occurring in response to 5 min ultrasonication treatment followed by 6 hour incubation and 15 min ultrasonication treatment followed by 3 hour incubation, respectively. The underlying mechanism for the increased amounts of resveratrol were studied by employing a semi-quantitative RT-PCR to monitor the expression levels of the resveratrol synthase (RS) gene in response to ultrasonication treatment. The RS gene increased the expression in response to ultrasonication treatment, suggesting that up-regulation of the RS gene by ultrasonication treatment triggers increased amounts of resveratrol. Taken together, these data indicate that this simple ultrasonication treatment of grapes can be an efficient post-harvest technology for increasing resveratrol in grape skins in addition to cleaning the fruits.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1739-1749
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• 2020

Exopolysaccharide produced by the yeast Papiliotrema flavescens, isolated from wine grape berries of Champagne vineyard, was investigated for both chemical and functional characterization. SECMALLS and colorimetric assay analyses showed that the EPS is a high M_W heteropolymer (2.37 × 10⁶ g/mol) majorily consisting of mannose, glucose, xylose and glucuronic acid as monosaccharide constituents, with two substituents (sulphate and phosphate groups), and a minor protein moiety. Structural enchainment of these carbohydrates based on methylation, GC-MS and NMR analyses revealed a linear main backbone built up of α-(1 → 3)-D-mannopyranosyl residues on which are branched side chains consisting of a single β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid residue and β-(1 → 2)-xylopyranoses (2-5 residues). Suggestion of some xylopyranose side chains containing a mannose residue at the nonreducing terminal end was also proposed. This is first report on EPSs from the grape P. flavescens yeast with such structural characteristics. Furthermore, investigations for valuating the application performance of these EPS in relation with their structural features were carried out in 8% alcohol experiment solutions. Very exceptional viscosifying and foaming properties were reported by comparison with commercial biopolymers such as Arabic, gellan and xanthan gums. The intrinsic properties of the natural biopolymer from this wild grape-associated P. flavescens yeast make it a potential candidate for use in various biotechnology applications.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.649-654
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• 2020

본 연구는 포도 품종별(블랙썬, 캠벨얼리, CB, 두누리, 개량머루, MW52, MW55, MBA, WB, 나르샤, 왕머루)로 와인을 제조한 후, pH, 총산, 가용성고형분, 색도, 유기산, 총 폴리페놀, 총 안토시아닌, 탄닌을 분석하여 와인의 품질특성을 비교 분석하였다. pH는 3.00-3.97 범위였으며, WB가 가장 높게 나타났다. 총산함량은 블랙썬, CB, 개량머루, MW52, MW55, 나르샤에서 0.6-0.8%로 와인에 적합한 함량이었으나, 왕머루의 총 산도는 1.41%로 와인을 제조하기에는 너무 높은 함량이었다. 알코올은 10.93-13.60% 범위였으며, 휘발산은 86.93-183.33% 범위로 나타났다. 가용성고형분은 7.03-9.07°Bx 범위로 개량머루와 왕머루가 높게 나타났다. 색도는 블랙썬, CB, 개량머루, MW52, MW55, MBA, WB, 왕머루가 90 ΔE 이상의 높은 색도를 보였지만, 캠벨얼리, 두 누리, 나르샤는 60-80 ΔE의 낮은 색도를 보였다. 유기산은 주석산과 사과산이 주로 나타났으며, 왕머루에서 주석산이(55.2%) 가장 많았으며, 개량머루에서 사과산이(59.7%) 가장 많은 함량으로 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀, 총 안토시아닌, 탄닌 함량은 개량머루, WB, 왕머루, CB 품종에서 높은 함량이 검출된 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 분석 데이터를 종합적으로 고려해볼 때, 개량머루와 CB품종이 국내 레드와인으로 개발가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.832-837
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• 1989

포도주 발효에 사용되는 호모균주 12종을 Murphy배지에 배양하여 중간크기의 지방산(MCFA)의 생성을 분석하였고 발효조건에 따라 그 생성량을 관찰하였다. 특히 발효력이 강한 Saccharomyces cerevisiae에 속하는 균주들은 발효초기에 decanoic acid를 약 21-26mg/1 생성하였고 발효 후기에는 약 5-10mg/1로 감소하였다. 발효조건에서 볼 때 MCFA의 생성은 온도가 높을수록 감소하였고 당함량이 클수록 증가하였으며 또한 탄산가스의 존재 하에서도 증가하였다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.99-124
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• 2017

Little research on sensory study has been conducted from a marketing perspective and most of sensory studies have been done from a science perspective. Thus, this study examined wine sensory perceptions in the consumers' minds, which is how wine consumers associate grape variety Shiraz/ Syrah by the three different region of origins with specific sensory images. Total 234 questionnaires were collected from online wine community members at restaurants in Korea. The main results show that the most two shared sensory images of Shiraz/ Syrah were 'Dry' and 'Fruity' across the three region of origins. For Barossa Shiraz, the unique images were mainly found in Aroma image category such as 'Chocolate', 'Prune', whereas for Rhone Syrah, the unique images were mainly revealed in Overall image category e.g. 'Deep', 'Fascinating'. Additionally, this study confirmed that Maipo Valley is not recognizable region of origin of Shiraz/ Syrah. This study employed a free choice, Pick Any and conducted correspondence analysis to find out the degree of associations of sensory images and each region of origin.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.824-831
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• 2008

본 연구는 국내 주요 포도 품종인 캠벨얼리(Campbell Early)를 이용하여 발효전 원료의 전처리방법(열처리, CM처리)이 포도주 품질에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 수행되었다. 총산에 있어서 CM처리를 할 경우 대조구나 열처리구에 비해 포도주의 총산이 낮아지는 결과를 보였다. 총안토시아닌과 탄닌 함량에 있어서, 열처리한 후 발효시킨 포도주가 대조구에 비해 높은 함량을 보인반면 CM처리의 경우는 대조구나 열처리에 비해 낮아지는 결과를 보였다. 적색도는 안토시아닌이나 탄닌이 높은 열처리구에서 높게 나타나는바, 폴리페놀류 함량이 와인의 적색도와 상관이 높은 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과에서와 같이 발효전 원료의 전처리 방법이 포도주 품질에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 전처리 기술은 원료 포도의 단점을 극복하는 유용한 수단이라고 생각된다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.521-527
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• 2007

Several yeast strains degrading malic acid as a sole carbon and energy source were isolated from Korean wine pomace after enrichment culture in the presence of malic acid. Among them, the strain designated as KMBL 5774 showed the highest malic acid degrading ability. It was identified as Issatchenkia orientalis based on its morphological and physiological characteristics as well as the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1-5.8S rDNA-ITS II region. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS I-5.8S rDNA-ITS II sequences showed that the KMBL 5774 is the closest to I. orientalis zhuan 192. Identity of the sequences of the KMBL 5774 was 99.5% with those of I. orientalis zhuan 192. The optimal pH of the media for the growth and malic acid degradation by the yeast was between 2.0 and 3.0, suggesting that the strain is an acidophile. Under the optimized conditions, the yeast could degrade 95.5% of the malic acid after 24 h of incubation at $30^{\circ}C$ in YNB media containing 2% malic acid as a sole carbon and energy source.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

국내산 포도품종을 이용하여 5가지 포도주 G(거봉 100%), M(머루 100%), C(캠벨 100%), GM(거봉 70%+캠벨 30%), GC(거봉 70%+캠벨 30%)를 제조하여, 발효 과정 및 저장 중 포도주의 이화학성분 및 효모 생균수의 변화를 분석하였다. 발효과정 중 pH의 변화는 $3.21{\sim}3.6$ 사이의 값을 보였으며 총산도는 $3.2{\sim}4.6g/L$, 당도는 $17.9{\sim}6.0^{\circ}brix$를 나타내었다. 효모 생균수의 변화는 초기 $6.0{\times}10^6\;cfu/mL$, 발효가 최고에 이르렀을 때 $1.0{\times}10^8\;cfu/mL$, 발효 후기에 $7.0{\times}10^5\;cfu/mL$를 보였다. 알콜 발효 중 포도당과 과당 함량은 급격히 감소하여 발효가 끝난 후에는 0.2g/L의 함량을 보였다. 발효가 끝난 후 알코올은 $11.4{\sim}12.3%(v/v)$의 함량을 보였으며, 당도는 $6.0{\sim}6.5^{\circ}Brix,\; SO_2$ 함량은 $40{\sim}62\;mg/L$를 가졌다. 발효 중 말로-락틱 발효에 의해 사과산은 감소하였고, 젖산은 증가하여, 각각 G는 23%, M은 67%, C는 28%, GM는 33%, GC는 39%의 전환율을 보였다. pH, 총산도, $SO_2$, 젖산 함량은 각 품종간 유의적 차이를 보였다(p<0.05).