• Title/Summary/Keyword: window effects

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Effect of Lock Operations on Airtightness of Sliding and LS Window Systems (잠금장치 작동에 따른 미서기 및 LS 창호 시스템의 기밀성)

  • Park, Jong Jun;Yun, Yu Ra;Kim, Young Il;Chung, Kwang-Seop
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.27 no.9
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    • pp.449-454
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    • 2015
  • In this study, the effects of lock operations on the infiltration rates for the two window types sliding and lift sliding (LS) are investigated through experiment and simulation. The airtightness levels of the two window types-with locks both on and off-were measured according to the KS F 2292 Test method of airtightness that is used for windows and doors. The air-flow rates of both window types with the locks on for a pressure differential of 10 Pa are $1.98m^3/(m^2h)$ and $1.68m^3/(m^2h)$, respectively; with the locks off, the air-flow rates of the sliding and LS windows are $2.64m^3/(m^2h)$ and $5.83m^3/(m^2h)$, respectively, whereby the air-flow rates are 33% higher for sliding and 247% higher for LS. The air change per hour (ACH) was calculated using the ventilation-simulation software CONTAM. For the sliding window, the ACH changed from 0.45 to 0.57 when the lock was operated from on to off, representing an increase of 27%. For the LS window, the ACH changed from 0.29 to 0.81, showing an increase of 179%.

Frequency Window Method for the Vibration of Primary-Secondary Structural Systems (Frequency Window Method에 의한 1차-2차 구조시스템의 진동특성)

  • 민경원
    • Journal of KSNVE
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 1991
  • The dynamic properties of primary-secondary structural systems are examined using analytical expressions for the modal properties. The analysis begins with a Lagrange multiplier formulation to develop a characteristic equation in terms of primary system mobilities and secondary system impedances. The complexity of the characteristic equation by developing new method, frequency window method. It is shown that the reduction of complexity can only be obtained by a reduction of accuracy, but by retaining the dominant effects of the dynamics problem, the loss of accuracy is not excessive. The reduced problem is examined further to develop simple expressions for the modal properties which provide insight into the resonance characteristics of the primary-secondary system problem. The results are useful as a complement to existing computational techniques for understanding and interpreting dynamic analysis results.

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Improvements on MFCC by Elaboration of the Filter Banks and Windows

  • Lee, Chang-Young
    • Speech Sciences
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.131-144
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    • 2007
  • In an effort to improve the performance of mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), we investigate the effects of varying the parameters for the filter banks and their associated windows on speech recognition rates. Specifically, the mel and bark scales are combined with various types of filter bank windows. Comparison and evaluation of the suggested methods are performed by two independent ways of speech recognition and the Fisher discriminant objective function. It is shown that the Hanning window based on the bark scale yields 28.1% relative performance improvements over the triangular window with the mel scale in speech recognition error rate. Further work on incorporating PCA and/or LDA would be desirable as a postprocessor to MFCC extraction.

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Effects of Design Factors and Shopping Types on Consumer Mood and Store Image

  • Dongchul Han;Sang-Lin Han
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.141-157
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    • 1999
  • In retailing, it is very important to examine how consumers perceive and react to in-store design factors such as in-store space for walking, product arrangement styles, display types, and window sizes. Furthermore, consumers' perceptions to the various designs would be differentiated by consumers' shopping patterns such as actual shopping versus window shopping. This article investigates how various designs create different consumer reactions measured by consumer mood and store image depending on the types of consumer shopping (i.e. actual shopping vs. window shopping). It was found that design factors such as open, focused, and big created better consumer mood and consumer perception of store image than closed, unfocused, and small. Another finding is that consumer perceptions interact with consumer shopping patterns. Based on the research findings, managerial implications are also discussed

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The Impact of Window Information Effect on Consumers' Willingness to Visit a Fashion Store -Focusing on Group Differences by Clothing Shopping Orientation- (패션제품의 윈도우 정보효과가 점포 방문의사결정에 미치는 영향 -의복쇼핑성향에 따른 집단간 차이를 중심으로-)

  • Jeon, Min-Ji;Oh, Hee-Sun;Suh, Yong-Han
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.30 no.9_10 s.157
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    • pp.1423-1433
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of window information on consumers' willingness to visit a fashion store according to their clothing shopping orientation. The sutjects of the research are conveniently selected females over the age of 20 living in Busan. A total of 202 questionnaire are collected far data analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The factor analysis to identify the clothing shopping orientation showed four factors, such as hedonic, planned, independent/loyalty, and impulsive/convenience. A cluster analysis conducted by the four factors resulted in four patterns - utilitarian shopping orientation group, impulsive/convenience shopping orientation group, hedonic shopping orientation group, independent/loyalty shopping orientation group. 2. The window information conducted by factor analysis were divided into the four levels-product information, promotion information, fashion information, and store image. 3. A one-way ANOVA analysis carried out to find the window information effects among the groups revealed that there were significant differences in the factors of promotion information, fashion information, and store image. 4. Multi-regression analysis was conducted in order to find the impact of window information on the consumers' willingness to visit a fashion store. As a result, fashion information had the most impact on utilitarian shopping group, while product information, promotion information and store image had a great impact on impulsive/convenience shopping orientation group, fashion information and store image had the most impact on hedonic shopping orientation group.

Reproducibility of Electromyography Signal Amplitude during Repetitive Dynamic Contraction

  • Mo, Seung-Min;Kwag, Jong-Seon;Jung, Myung-Chul
    • Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.689-694
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    • 2011
  • Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the fluctuation of signal amplitude during repetitive dynamic contraction based on surface electromyography(EMG). Background: The most previous studies were considered isometric muscle contraction and they were difference to smoothing window length by moving average filter. In practical, the human movement is dynamic state. Dynamic EMG signal which indicated as the nonstationary pattern should be analyzed differently compared with the static EMG signal. Method: Ten male subjects participated in this experiment, and EMG signal was recorded by biceps brachii, anterior/posterior deltoid, and upper/lower trapezius muscles. The subject was performed to repetitive right horizontal lifting task during ten cycles. This study was considered three independent variables(muscle, amplitude processing technique, and smoothing window length) as the within-subject experimental design. This study was estimated muscular activation by means of the linear envelope technique(LE). The dependent variable was set coefficient of variation(CV) of LE for each cycle. Results: The ANOVA results showed that the main and interaction effects between the amplitude processing technique and smoothing window length were significant difference. The CV value of peak LE was higher than mean LE. According to increase the smoothing window length, this study shows that the CV trend of peak LE was decreased. However, the CV of mean LE was analyzed constant fluctuation trend regardless of the smoothing window length. Conclusion: Based on these results, we expected that using the mean LE and 300ms window length increased reproducibility and signal noise ratio during repetitive dynamic muscle contraction. Application: These results can be used to provide fundamental information for repetitive dynamic EMG signal processing.

Dual Band Optical Window (DBW) for Use on an EO/IR Airborne Camera

  • Park, Kwang-Woo;Park, Sang-Yeong;Kim, Young-Soo;Kim, Ki-Ho;Choi, Young-Soo
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.63-69
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    • 2012
  • This paper presents a method to derive the theoretical requirements for the development of a 400 mm optical window that transmits dual-band wavelengths and had a stable structure. We also present design and fabrication results. Among the required specifications, the surface figure error was defined by the transmitted wavefront deformation (TWD), ${\lambda}$/15 rms at 632.8 nm. This value was derived by estimating the predicted performances with respect to five independent items that could cause system performance degradation and then calculating the required wavefront error (WFE) to satisfy the performance goals. We measured the image resolution at each performance level to trace and verify the requirements. The article also describes a design optimization process that could minimize the weight and volume of the optical window attached to the payload securing the FOV of the camera. In addition, we accurately measured the deformation that occurred in the series of fabrication steps including processing, coating, assembly, bonding and bolting, and investigated the effects by comparing them to the results of a simulation performed in advance to derive the predicted performance.

A Study on the amount of Co gas in the kitchen related to facility enviromental condition and fuel management (부엌공기 중에 함유되어 있는 가스량과 부엌 구조시설 연료관리와의 관계에 대한 연구)

  • 장명욱
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.146-158
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    • 1970
  • It is a matter of amazing to realize that contamination of air by fuel gas in recent daily life at home directly effects to health of Korean housewives. A study in finding the status and the amount of co gas in the kitchen was con-ductedrelating the size of kitchen, door of exit, ventilation window, constraction of built in-brick stove (Boo Tu Mack), fuel management, in order to extend beneficial and improved management of housing. From the result of study, it was pointed out that constractional improvement of built-in-brick stove, heating floor (Ondol), timny, and ventilation window would been emergently needed. Demonstration studies were obtained in finding differences of the amount of co gas respectively in cooking time as 50-55ppm, and in not cooking time as 50-80p,p,m in the kitchen both, original and improved. Definite differences were found depend upon the condition with, without, or direction of the ventilation window. In addition to all above results, significant influence on gas pulling power of Ondol tunnel was shown. Many houses of Apartment house for have middle and low income groups been recognized so poor for health as indicated over 100ppm of co gas if window were not opened because of poor ventilation and weak gas pulling power of Ondol tunnel.

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A Study on the Visual Effect of the Viewing -Window based on Psychology -focused on residential environment- (전망창의 시각효과에 대한 심리학적 고찰- 주거공간을 중심으로)

  • 함정도
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • no.8
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    • pp.58-64
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    • 1996
  • People live in an environment which affects the human b by way of ‘Affordance’ .. And the interaction between h human and the surrounding environment arises ‘the sense of place' through adoptation. Considering the human emo¬t tional and psychological needs, besides the functionalones, for the design of environment gives ‘the place’ the h humanized atmosphere. Then the viewing-window, re¬f fleeting the dweller’s sensibility and aesthetic aspect, be¬c comes an important design element for the human interi¬o or atmosphere. G Generally, the view has the character of the Panorama a and sometimes of the Picture. And the viewing - window t transfigures the visual effects by ways of ‘Framing’, at t taching the ’Screen’ and ‘Successive development' of the views through openings on the wall. Hence this study w was developed from the aesthethic view-points of archi t tecture, cinema, picture and photography etc., and the c conclusions are as follows. T The ‘Frame’ limits the boundary of the view into a p particular area, while the ‘Screen’ changes the clear view t to an obscure one. And the wall-openings located with i intervals show the fragments of the outer view in a suc¬c cessive way. And these techniques applied to the viewing window make the viewer have the associated meanings d derived from the ‘Guided Projection'. So, the associative p psychology of the viewer complements the partiality, ob¬s scurity and brokenness of the view into a complete one, a and finally the view comes to be an aesthetic one to the v vIewer.

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SAVITZKY-GOLAY DERIVATIVES : A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO REMOVING VARIABILITY BEFORE APPLYING CHEMOMETRICS

  • Hopkins, David W.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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    • 2001.06a
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    • pp.1041-1041
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    • 2001
  • Removal of variability in spectra data before the application of chemometric modeling will generally result in simpler (and presumably more robust) models. Particularly for sparsely sampled data, such as typically encountered in diode array instruments, the use of Savitzky-Golay (S-G) derivatives offers an effective method to remove effects of shifting baselines and sloping or curving apparent baselines often observed with scattering samples. The application of these convolution functions is equivalent to fitting a selected polynomial to a number of points in the spectrum, usually 5 to 25 points. The value of the polynomial evaluated at its mid-point, or its derivative, is taken as the (smoothed) spectrum or its derivative at the mid-point of the wavelength window. The process is continued for successive windows along the spectrum. The original paper, published in 1964 [1] presented these convolution functions as integers to be used as multipliers for the spectral values at equal intervals in the window, with a normalization integer to divide the sum of the products, to determine the result for each point. Steinier et al. [2] published corrections to errors in the original presentation [1], and a vector formulation for obtaining the coefficients. The actual selection of the degree of polynomial and number of points in the window determines whether closely situated bands and shoulders are resolved in the derivatives. Furthermore, the actual noise reduction in the derivatives may be estimated from the square root of the sums of the coefficients, divided by the NORM value. A simple technique to evaluate the actual convolution factors employed in the calculation by the software will be presented. It has been found that some software packages do not properly account for the sampling interval of the spectral data (Equation Ⅶ in [1]). While this is not a problem in the construction and implementation of chemometric models, it may be noticed in comparing models at differing spectral resolutions. Also, the effects on parameters of PLS models of choosing various polynomials and numbers of points in the window will be presented.

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