• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2022

Ti-In-Zn-O (TIZO)/Ag/TIZO multilayer transparent electrodes were prepared on glass substrates at room temperature using RF/DC magnetron sputtering. Obtained multilayer structure comprising TIZO/Ag/TIZO (10 nm/10 nm/40 nm) with the total thickness of 60 nm showed a transmittance of 86.5% at 650 nm and a sheet resistance of 8.1 Ω/□. The multilayer films were expected to be applicable for use in energy-saving smart window based on polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) because of their transmittance properties to effectively block infrared rays (heat rays). We investigated the effects of the content ratio of prepolymer, the thickness of the PDLC coating layer, and the ultraviolet (UV) light intensity on electro-optical properties, and the surface morphology of polyester acrylate-based PDLC systems using new TIZO/Ag/TIZO transparent conducting electrodes. A PDLC cell with a thickness of 15 ㎛ PDLC layer photocured at an UV intensity of 1.5 mW/cm² exhibited good driving voltage, favorable on-state transmittance, and excellent off-haze. The LC droplets formed on the surface of the polymer matrix of the PDLC composite had a size range of 1 to 3 ㎛ capable of efficiently scattering incident light. Also, the PDLC-based smart window manufactured using TIZO/Ag/TIZO multi-layered transparent electrodes in this study exhibited a light brown, which will have an advantage in terms of aesthetics.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.163-173
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• 1998

Nuclear medicine emission computed tomography(ECT) can be very useful to diagnose early stage of neuronal diseases and to measure theraputic results objectively, if we can quantitate energy metabolism, blood flow, biochemical processes, or dopamine receptor and transporter using ECT. However, physical factors including attenuation, scatter, partial volume effect, noise, and reconstruction algorithm make it very difficult to quantitate independent of type of SPECT. In this study, we quantitated the effects of attenuation and scatter using brain SPECT and three-dimensional brain phantom with and without applying their correction methods. Dual energy window method was applied for scatter correction. The photopeak energy window and scatter energy window were set to 140ke${\pm}$10% and 119ke${\pm}$6% and 100% of scatter window data were subtracted from the photopeak window prior to reconstruction. The projection data were reconstructed using Butterworth filter with cutoff frequency of 0.95cycles/cm and order of 10. Attenuation correction was done by Chang's method with attenuation coefficients of 0.12/cm and 0.15/cm for the reconstruction data without scatter correction and with scatter correction, respectively. For quantitation, regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on the three slices selected at the level of the basal ganglia. Without scatter correction, the ratios of ROI average values between basal ganglia and background with attenuation correction and without attenuation correction were 2.2 and 2.1, respectively. However, the ratios between basal ganglia and background were very similar for with and without attenuation correction. With scatter correction, the ratios of ROI average values between basal ganglia and background with attenuation correction and without attenuation correction were 2.69 and 2.64, respectively. These results indicate that the attenuation correction is necessary for the quantitation. When true ratios between basal ganglia and background were 6.58, 4.68, 1.86, the measured ratios with scatter and attenuation correction were 76%, 80%, 82% of their true ratios, respectively. The approximate 20% underestimation could be partially due to the effect of partial volume and reconstruction algorithm which we have not investigated in this study, and partially due to imperfect scatter and attenuation correction methods that we have applied in consideration of clinical applications.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.563-569
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• 1999

Boron doped CdS films were prepared by chemical bath deposition using boric acid$(H_3BO_3)$ as donor dopant source, and their electrical, optical properties were investigated as a function of doping concentration. In addition, effects of boron doping of CdS films on characteristics of CdS/CdTe solar cells were investigated. Boron doping highly decreased the resistivity and slightly increased optical band gap of CdS films. The lowest value of resistivity was $2 \Omega-cm \;at\; H_3BO_3/Cd(Ac)_2$ molar ratio of 0.1. For the molar ratio more than 0.1, however, the resistivity increased because of decreasing carrier concentration and mobility and showed similar value for undoped films. The photovoltaic characteristics of CdS/CdTe solar cells with boron doped CdS film improved due to the decrease of the conduction band-Fermi level energy gap of CdS films and the series resistance of solar cell.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to identify the effects of self-resilience and social support on reality shock among new graduate nurses. Methods: The data was collected using self-reported questionnaires from a convenience sample of 111 new graduate nurses. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistical, independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression via the SPSS Window 23.0 program. Results: Among general and work related characteristics, factors that have shown significant differences on reality shock were gender (t=-2.29, p=.024), work unit (t=3.31, p=.023) and whether they are working at unit they desired (t=-5.08, p<.001). Reality shock has shown a negative correlation with self-resilience (r=-.51, p<.001) and social support (r=-.41, p<.001). Factors that affected the reality shock on new graduate nurses were self-resilience (${\beta}=-.43$, p<.001), whether they are working at unit they desired (${\beta}=.35$, p<.001) and their currently work unit (${\beta}=-.17$, p=.028). These factors take into account of 38.0% of overall reality shock. Conclusion: The results suggest that self-resilience, desired unit and current work unit should be considered as factors when developing an intervention to alleviate the reality shock experienced by new graduate nurses.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.418-430
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of Seogeum therapy for middle-aged abdominal obese women. Methods: Seogeum therapy combined cupping, stepping on ion aluminum board, adhering to Seoam moxibustion and Seoam pellet. The subjects consisted of 30 middle-aged abdominal obese women between 40 and 59 years of age: fifteen were assigned to experimental group, fifteen to control group. The data collection and treatments were performed from June to October, 2007. The subjects of experimental group participated in Seogeum therapy for 5 times per week during 8 weeks. The data were analyzed with Chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test with SPSS/Window 12.0 program. Results: Seogeum therapy experimental group showed significant difference in change of general obesity indexes(body weight, body fat amount, body fat ratio, BMI) than control group supporting hypothesis 1. Experimental group showed significant difference in change of abdominal obesity indexes(abdominal fat ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference) than control group supporting hypothesis 2. Conclusion: Obesity management of Seogeum therapy had a positive effect for middle-aged obese women. Therefore, it is concluded that the obesity management of Seogeum therapy can be applied as a nursing intervention to decrease the obesity for middle-aged women.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.139-167
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• 2019

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of a learning cycle model-based early childhood education program using physical motion on young children's scientific inquiry ability, scientific attitude, object manipulation ability and spatial ability. Methods: The subjects of this study were 60 five-year-old children who were attending K-G City Childcare Center. The SPSS Window 21.0 program and content analysis method were used, and post-validation Tukey was conducted to examine the differences between the one-way ANOVA and the group. Results: Activities using body movement were practiced systematically based on the circle learning. Children could revise their pre-concept and concept of error by interacting with other children, teachers and the environment. Furthermore, children were attaining new knowledge while they were doing body movement activities, assessing and applying them to actual activities. Conclusion/Implications: This study is investigated a cyclic learning-based early childhood science education program using physical motion, which has significance in systematic and practical early childhood centered education for young children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.391-399
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• 2007

There has been an increasing preference for product with cultural value as people have a growing cultural sensitivity and greater demand for cultural value in current global market. In response to that, countries need to develop cultural products which represent their distinctive cultures and traditions, and such efforts may aim to promote the creation of economically high value-added and enhance the cultural image. In this paper, first, we analyze the correlation between Culture, cultural industry and Cultural goods. In this context, my efforts centered initially on a thorough analysis on the current situation and environmental problems that Korean culture faces presently, and then, processed and organized them into major industry categories of character industry, through a statistical methodology, to estimate its market volume by industry and to analyze the inter-relationship and macro-economic pervasive effects among related industries as well as cultural window effects. This paper could lead to final practical solution and suggestions for optimum policy measures to be taken for a supreme cultural industry for Korea.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.191-192
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• 2002

Since capsaicin was found as an excellent vanilloid receptor agonist, considerable efforts toward the development of a novel analgesic have been continued. However, the small therapeutic window between these effects and the excitatory side effects, such as hypothermia, bronchoconstriction, increased GI mobility, and hypertension, precluded the development of capsaicin as a systemic agent. (omitted)

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2000

The reduction of NO by hydrocarbons was investigated over Cu/Al$_2$O$_3$catalysts using a stainless steel flow reactor under highly oxidising diesel exhaust conditions(up to 15%). Three different Cu loadings(1,5 and 10wt.%) on an $Al_2$O$_3$support were prepared and characterized using spectroscopic techniques. The catalytic activity tests show that different Cu loadings as well as temperature, oxygen, and hydrocarbon concentration levels significantly influence the NO reduction. Increasing Cu loadings up to 5 and 10wt.% decreases the catalytic activities for NO reduction due to the formation of a bulk crystalline CuO phase, as observed from XRD and SEM images. In particular, the visualization of the copper dispersion on the surface using the SEM-BEI technique provides information on the extent of copper saturation, particle size, and the effects on NO reduction. However, the lower Cu loading(1 wt.%) increases the catalytic activity with a temperature window of 720-810K, thereby favoring the formation of well dispersed isolated Cu species, e.g. Cu(sup)2+ ions, which is related to selective NO reduction. The effects of other reaction parameters, such as oxygen, the hydrocarbon level and type, and byproduct emissions are further discussed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of multi-mode simulation learning on critical thinking disposition, on the problem solving process and on clinical competence of nursing students. Methods: A non-equivalent control group with pre-posttest was designed. The participants in this study were 65 students who were enrolled in an emergency and critical nursing course at N university. The treatment group consisted of 33 juniors in 2010 and the control group 32 juniors in 2011. Collected data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 for Window Program. Results: There were significant increases in problem solving process and clinical competence in the treatment group who participated in the multi-mode simulation learning compared to the control group who did not (t=-2.39, p=.020; F=12.76, p=.001). However, there were no significant differences in critical thinking disposition between the treatment and control group (t=0.40, p=.692). Conclusion: Multi-mode simulation is an effective teaching and learning method to enhance the problem solving process and clinical competence of nursing students. Further exploration is needed to develop and utilize multi-mode simulation for diverse scenarios, depending on emergency nursing educational goals and environments and to develop a universal method to measure outcomes.