• Wind and Structures
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.471-484
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• 2003

The rain-wind induced vibration of stays is a phenomenon discovered recently and not well explained yet. As it is influenced by a wide range of physical parameters (cable size and shape, wind speed, direction and turbulence, rain intensity, material repellency and roughness, cable weight, damping and pre-strain), this peculiar phenomenon is difficult to reproduce in laboratory controlled conditions. A successful wind tunnel experimental campaign, in which some basic physical quantities were measured, allowed an extensive analysis as to identify the parameters of the rain-wind induced excitation. The unsteady pressure field and water thickness around a cable model were measured under rainy-excited conditions. The knowledge of those parameters provided helpful information about the air-flow around the cable and allowed to clarify the physical phenomenon which produces the excitation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.435-453
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• 2013

A new computational approach for the rain load on the transmission tower is presented to obtain the responses of system subjected to the wind and rain combined excitations. First of all, according to the similarity theory, the aeroelastic modeling of high-voltage transmission tower is introduced and two kinds of typical aeroelastic models of transmission towers are manufactured for the wind tunnel tests, which are the antelope horn tower and pole tower. And then, a formula for the pressure time history of rain loads on the tower structure is put forward. The dynamic response analyses and experiments for the two kinds of models are carried out under the wind-induced and wind-rain-induced actions with the uniform and turbulent flow. It has been shown that the results of wind-rain-induced responses are bigger than those of only wind-induced responses and the rain load influence on the transmission tower can't be neglected during the strong rainstorm. The results calculated by the proposed method have a good agreement with those by the wind tunnel test. In addition, the wind-rain-induced responses along and across the wind direction are in the same order of response magnitude of towers.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2003

Rain-wind induced vibrations of cables are a challenging problem in the design of cable-stayed bridges. The precise excitation mechanism of the complex interaction between structure, wind and rain is still unknown. A theoretical model that is able to accurately simulate the observed phenomena is not available. This paper presents a mathematical model describing rain-wind induced vibrations as movement-induced vibrations using the quasi-steady strip theory. Both, the vibrations of the cable and the movement of the water rivulet on the cable surface can be described by the model including all geometrical and physical nonlinearities. The analysis using the stability and bifurcation theory shows that the model is capable of simulating the basic phenomena of the vibrations, such as dependence of wind velocity and cable damping. The results agree well with field data and wind tunnel tests. An extensive experimental study is currently performed to calibrate the parameters of the model.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.785-796
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• 2007

This study offers a design procedure of optimum cable damper for multi-mode vibration control with nonlinear damper and also investigates the relation between mode and amplitude dependency. The proposed multi-mode damping index, which is defined as a potential energy loss ratio of cable vibration, is a main component of optimization problem of optimum nonlinear damper. In order to include the amplitude dependency of nonlinear damper, three types of multi-mode patterns such as ambient vibration, support excitation and rain-wind induced vibration are assumed. The optimum damper exponent depends on amplitude patterns. In case of ambient vibration, optimum factor is less than 0.5 and in case of support excitation or rain-wind induced vibration it is between 0.5 and 1.0.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.485-498
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• 2003

This paper presents a mechanical model of Rain-Wind Induced Vibration (RWIV) of stay cables. It is based on the physical interpretation of the phenomenon as given in Cosentino, et al. (2003, referred as Part I). The model takes into account all the main forces acting on cable, on the upper water rivulet (responsible of the excitation) and the cable-rivulet interaction. It is a simplified (cable cross-sectional and deterministic) representation of the actual (stochastic and three-dimensional) phenomenon. The cable is represented by its cross section and it is subjected to mechanical and aerodynamic (considering the rivulet influence) forces. The rivulet is supposed to oscillate along the cable circumference and it is subjected to inertial and gravity forces, pressure gradients and air-water-cable frictions. The model parameters are calibrated by fitting with experimental results. In order to validate the proposed model and its physical basis, different conditions (wind speed and direction, cable frequency, etc.) have been numerically investigated. The results, which are in very good agreement with the RWIV field observations, confirm the validity of the method and its engineering applicability (to evaluate the RWIV sensitivity of new stays or to retrofit the existing ones). Nevertheless, the practical use of the model probably requires a more accurate calibration of some parameters through new and specifically oriented wind tunnel tests.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.147-156
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• 2007

This study offers a design procedure of optimum cable damper for multi-mode vibration control with nonlinear damper and also investigate the relation between mode and amplitude dependency. The proposed multi-mode damping index, which is defined as a energy loss ratio of cable potential, is a main component of optimization problem of optimum nonlinear damper. In order to include the amplitude dependency of nonlinear damper, it is assumed to exist three kinds of multi-mode patterns such as ambient vibration, support excitation and rain-win induced vibration. The optimum damper exponent depends on amplitude patterns. In case of ambient vibration, optimum factor is less than 0.5. In case of support excitation or rain-wind induced vibration is between 0.5 and 1.0. In this study, the effects of cable sag and inclination angle are included in the asymptotic design equation of damped cable structures.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.303-321
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• 2008

When first commissioned, the 1.6 km span 275kV Severn Crossing Conductor experienced large amplitude vibrations in certain wind conditions, but without ice or rain, leading to flashover between the conductor phases. Wind tunnel tests undertaken at the time identified a major factor was the lift generated in the critical Reynolds number range in skew winds. Despite this insight, and although a practical solution was found by wrapping the cable to change the aerodynamic profile, there remained some uncertainty as to the detailed excitation mechanism. Recent work to address the problem of dry inclined cable galloping on cable-stayed bridges has led to a generalised quasi-steady galloping formulation, including effects of the 3D geometry and changes in the static force coefficients in the critical Reynolds number range. This generalised formulation has been applied to the case of the Severn Crossing Conductor, using data of the static drag and lift coefficients on a section of the stranded cable, from the original wind tunnel tests. Time history analysis has then been used to calculate the amplitudes of steady state vibrations for comparison with the full scale observations. Good agreement has been obtained between the analysis and the site observations, giving increased confidence in the applicability of the generalised galloping formulation and providing insight into the mechanism of galloping of yawed and stranded cables. Application to other cable geometries is also discussed.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2003

사장교에서 케이블은 교량 전체에 있어서 매우 중요한 요소이다. 차량, 바람 혹은 풍우에 의한 케이블의 진동은 교량의 안전성과 사용성을 감소시키는 주요 원인이 되어왔으며 이러한 문제를 해결하는 효과적인 방법중의 하나는 케이블 댐퍼를 설치하는 것이다. 이 케이블 댐퍼를 최적으로 설계하기 위해서는 케이블의 동특성을 정확하게 평가해야 하며 케이블 동특성치를 얻기 위해서는 정확한 가진이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 케이블 가진시스템을 개발하고 성능을 평가하기 위해 케이블 가진시스템의 운동방정식을 유도하였으며, 케이블 가진기를 케이블 모형에 설치하여 정현진동실험과 공진진동실험을 수행하여 케이블의 동특성을 효과적으로 구하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1A호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

사장 케이블은 휨강성이 미소하여 휨변형에 관한 고유감쇠비가 매우 작다. 따라서 케이블 부재는 다른 구조부재보다 진동발생 가능성이 훨씬 높게 된다. 사장 케이블의 진동은 우수와 기류에 기인된 것과 지점운동에 기인된 것으로 대별된다. 특별히 보강형과 사장 케이블의 고유진동수 대역이 일치되는 경우를 제외하고 대부분은 우수와 기류에 기인된 진동이 발생된다. 이런 현상은 와류진동, 풍우진동, 갤로핑을 발생시키며 사장 케이블의 사용성과 내구성을 저하시킨다. 이에 대한 제어방안으로 추가감쇠비 부여(댐퍼도입)는 보편적이고 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 국내는 케이블 지지교량이 활발하게 설계되고 시공됨에도 불구하고 주요 부재인 케이블의 동적설계에 관한 지침개발이 미진한 상황이다. 따라서 케이블 댐퍼도입에 관한 지침개발이 시급하다. 본 연구는 사장 케이블의 진동현상 중 댐퍼도입으로 효과적인 제어설계가 가능한 와류진동, 풍우진동, 갤로핑의 전체감쇠비 평가방법을 전개하여 풍현상에 따른 요구감쇠비 하한을 제시하고, 설치위치에 따른 유효계수가 고려된 추가감쇠비 상한과 최소설치위치를 제시하여 댐퍼도입에 의한 일관되고 체계적인 사장 케이블 제진설계 지침을 제안하고자 한다.