• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
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• pp.945-946
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• 2011

This paper presents design and characteristics analysis of transverse flux switched reluctance generator(TFSRG) for wind turbine. Dimension is calculated by using output equation and maximum magnetomotive force(mmf) equation per pole. Design specification within effective range of mechanical and electrical energy is suggested in order to perform the analysis. it is confirmed to torque, inductance and induced electromotive force(emf) for one phase through three dimension Finite Element Analysis. Then design specification can be verified by comparing with proposed specification.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2020

In this paper, critical fluid velocity and frequency of laminated pipe conveying fluid are presented. Each layer of the pipe is reinforced by functionally graded carbon nanotubes (FG-CNTs). The internal fluid is assumed turbulent and the induced forces are calculated by momentum equations. The pipe is resting on viscoelastic foundation with spring, shear and damping constants. The motion equations are derived based on classical shell theory and energy method. Differential quadrature method (DQM) is used for solution and obtaining the critical fluid velocity. The effects of volume percent and distribution of CNT, boundary condition, lamina layer number, length to radius ration of pipe, viscoelastic medium and fluid velocity are shown on the critical fluid velocity. Results show that with increasing the lamina layer number, the critical fluid velocity increases.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2021

A numerical hydrodynamic performance analysis of the pitch-type multibody wave energy converter (WEC) is carried out based on both linear potential flow theory and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the unidirectional wave condition. In the present study, Salter's duck (rotor) is chosen for the analysis. The basic concept of the WEC rotor, which nods when the pressure-induced motions are in phase, is that it converts the kinetic and potential energies of the wave into rotational mechanical energy with the proper power-take-off system. This energy is converted to useful electric energy. The analysis is carried out using three WEC rotors. A multibody analysis using linear potential flow theory is performed using WAMIT (three-dimensional diffraction/radiation potential analysis program), and a CFD analysis is performed by placing three WEC rotors in a numerical wave tank. In particular, the spacing between the three rotors is set to 0.8, 1, and 1.2 times the rotor width, and the hydrodynamic interaction between adjacent rotors is checked. Finally, it is confirmed that the dynamic performance of the rotors slightly changes, but the difference due to the spacing is not noticeable. In addition, the CFD analysis shows a lateral flow phenomenon that cannot be confirmed by linear potential theory, and it is confirmed that the CFD analysis is necessary for the motion analysis of the rotor.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2021

As opposed to using fossil fuels, we need to use eco-friendly resources such as sunlight, raindrops and wind to produce electricity and combat environmental pollution. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a device that converts mechanical energy into electricity by inducing repetitive contact and separation of two dissimilar materials. During the contact and separation processes, electron flow occurs owing to a change in electric potential of the contacting surface caused by contact electrification and electrostatic induction mechanisms. A solid-solid contact TENG is widely known, but it is possible to generate electricity via liquid-solid contact. Therefore, by designing a hydrophobic TENG, we can gather electricity from raindrop energy in a feasible manner. To fabricate the superhydrophobic surface of TENGs, we employ a dip coating technique to synthesize an octadecylamine (ODA)- and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based coating on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The synthesized coating exhibits superhydrophobicity with a contact angle greater than 150° and generates a current of 2.2 ㎂/L while water droplets fall onto it continuously. Hence, we prepare a box-type TENG, with the ODA/PDMS coating deposited on the inside, and place a 1.5 mL water droplet into it. Resultantly, we confirm that the induced vibration causes continuous impacts between the ODA/PDMS coating and the water, generating approximately 100 pA for each impact.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.585-598
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• 2022

The monopile-friction wheel hybrid foundation is an innovative solution for offshore structures which are mainly subjected to large lateral eccentric load induced by winds, waves, and currents during their service life. This paper presents an extensive numerical analysis to investigate the lateral load and moment bearing performances of hybrid foundation, considering various potential influencing factors in sand-overlaying-clay soil deposits, with the complex lateral loads being simplified into a resultant lateral load acting at a certain height above the mudline. Finite element models are generated and validated against experimental data where very good agreements are obtained. The failure mechanisms of hybrid foundations under lateral loading are illustrated to demonstrate the effect of the friction wheel in the hybrid system. Parametric study shows that the load bearing performances of the hybrid foundation is significantly dependent of wheel diameter, pile embedment depth, internal friction angle of sand, loading eccentricity (distance from the load application point to the ground level), and the thickness of upper sandy layer. Simplified empirical formulae is proposed based on the numerical results to predict the corresponding lateral load and moment bearing capacities of the hybrid foundation for design application.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.265-280
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• 2004

This paper presents some fundamental results on the dynamics of the periodic Karman wake behind a circular cylinder. The wake is treated like a dynamical system. External forcing is then introduced and its effect investigated. The main result obtained is the following. Perturbation of the wake, by controlled cylinder oscillations in the flow direction at a frequency equal to the Karman vortex shedding frequency, leads to instability of the Karman vortex structure. The resulting wake structure oscillates at half the original Karman vortex shedding frequency. For higher frequency excitation the primary pattern involves symmetry breaking of the initially shed symmetric vortex pairs. The Karman shedding phenomenon can be modeled by a nonlinear oscillator. The symmetrical flow perturbations resulting from the periodic cylinder excitation can also be similarly represented by a nonlinear oscillator. The oscillators represent two flow modes. By considering these two nonlinear oscillators, one having inline shedding symmetry and the other having the Karman wake spatio-temporal symmetry, the possible symmetries of subsequent flow perturbations resulting from the modal interaction are determined. A theoretical analysis based on symmetry (group) theory is presented. The analysis confirms the occurrence of a period-doubling instability, which is responsible for the frequency halving phenomenon observed in the experiments. Finally it is remarked that the present findings have important implications for vortex shedding control. Perturbations in the inflow direction introduce 'control' of the Karman wake by inducing a bifurcation which forces the transfer of energy to a lower frequency which is far from the original Karman frequency.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1997

Cloud streets were successfully simulated by numerical model (RAMS) including an isolated mountain near the coast, large sensible heat flux from the sea surface, uniform stratification and wind velocity with low Froude number (0.25) in the inflow boundary. The well developed cloud streets between a pair of convective rolls are simulated at a level of 1 km over the sea. The following five results were obtained: 1) For the formation of the pair of convective rolls, both strong static instability and a topographically induced mechanical disturbance are strongly required at the same time. 2) Strong sensible heat flux from the sea surface is the main energy source of the pair of convective rolls, and the buoyancy caused by condensation in the cloud is negligibly small. 3) The pair of convective rolls is a complex of two sub-rolls. One is the outer roll, which has a large radius, but weak circulation, and the other is the inner roll, which has a small radius, but strong circulation. The outer roll gathers a large amount of moisture by convergence in the lower marine boundary, and the inner roll transfers the convergent moisture to the upper boundary layer by strong upward motion between them. 4) The pair of inner rolls form the line-shaped cloud streets, and keep them narrow along the center-line of the domain. 5) Both by non-hydrostatic and by hydrostatic assumptions, cloud streets can be simulated. In our case, non-hydrostatic processes enhanced somewhat the formation of cloud streets. The horizontal size of the topography does not seem to be restricted to within the small scale where non-hydrostatic effects are important.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2023

수많은 함정용 채프들은 폭발에 의해 확산되어 채프운을 형성하며, 채프운은 허위 레이더 반사 단면적을 생성하여 적의 레이더를 기만한다. 본 논문에서는 전산유체역학-이산요소법 단방향 연동 기법을 기반으로 공기 중에 분포하는 함정용 채프운의 시공간 분포를 해석하는 수치적 프레임워크를 구축하고 바람의 방향과 속도, 채프 카트리지의 초기 각도와 폭발 압력이 채프운 분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 채프운의 확산은 폭발에 의한 방사형 확산, 난류와 충돌에 의한 전 방향 확산, 낙하 속도 차이에 의한 중력 방향 확산과 같이 세 단계로 구분되는 것을 확인하였다. 바람은 채프운의 평균 위치를 이동시켰으며, 항력에 의한 확산 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 카트리지 초기 각도에 따라 폭발에 의한 방사형 확산 방향이 달라졌으며, 각도가 지면과 수직에 가까울수록 더 넓게 확산되었다. 폭발 압력이 증가할수록 채프운은 더 넓게 확산되었으나 중력 방향으로는 분포 차이가 작았다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.192-205
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• 2009

2009년 2월 9일 화왕산에서는 대보름 행사인 '억새 태우기'가 많은 사람들이 지켜보는 가운데 시작되었지만 예상하지 못한 강풍으로 산불로 확대되어 많은 인명피해가 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 계산 유체역학 모형인 CFD_NIMR_SNU 모형을 이용하여 복잡한 산악지역에서 국지적 가열에 따른 바람장을 모사함으로써 이날 발생한 산악 화재의 특성을 분석하였다. 화재가 발생한 지역의 지표 온도는 가열이 없을 때, $300^{\circ}C$ 및 $600^{\circ}C$ 일 때의 3가지 가열 강도조건을 주어 모사하였다. 지표 가열은 화재 발생 지역 중앙에서 수직 바람장을 $0.7m\;s^{-1}(300^{\circ}C)$와 $1.1m\;s^{-1}(600^{\circ}C)$만큼 증가시켰다. 난류운동에너지는 화재의 열에너지 자체 및 열적 순환에 의해 증가된 운동에너지에 의해 증가하였다. 화재로 인한 열은 복잡한 지형과 강한 경계 바람 조건과 함께 화왕산의 예상하지 못한 난류와 강풍 조건을 유도하였다. CFD_NIMR_SNU 모형은 인명피해를 발생시킨 산불을 이해하는데 도움이 되는 귀중한 분석 자료를 제공하였다. 모사 결과에 따르면 화재 발생 지점은 풍상측의 높은 지형으로 인하여 화재 발생 직전까지는 바람이 거의 억제되었던 것으로 보인다. 이러한 바람의 억제는 화재 발생에 따른 뜨거운 공기의 상승과 강한 경계 바람 조건에 의해 쉽게 되돌려졌다. 즉, 강한 경계 바람과 화재로 인한 가열이 함께 작용하여 강한 난류가 만들어졌고, 여러 명의 사상자가 발생한 산악 화재로 확산되었던 것이다. CFD_NIMR_SNU 모형은 중규모 모형과의 결합을 통하여 좁은 영역의 화재로 인한 난류 예보를 생산하는 등 산불 예방을 위해 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2020

준관성주기파(NIW)는 주로 바람에 의해 생성되며, 해양 연직혼합에 중요한 요소이다. 태풍의 빠른 풍속과 이동경로에 따른 풍향변화는 NIW 생성에 충분한 조건을 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 동해 실시간 해황예보모형 출력자료를 이용하여 태풍의 영향으로 인한 NIW의 생성과 분포 그리고 동해 중규모 소용돌이가 NIW의 심층 전파에 주는 영향에 대해 검토하였다. 이용한 출력자료 기간은 2013년부터 2017년까지 총 5개년이며, 이 기간 중 동해에 강한 NIW에너지를 만든 3개 태풍(할롱, 고니, 차바)에 초점을 맞추었다. 태풍에 의한 NIW 변동을 검토하기 위하여 강제력으로 작용하는 태풍의 바람에너지유입(${\bar{W}}_I$)과 함께 NIW 에너지의 지표인 혼합층 및 심층 수평운동에너지(${\bar{HKE}}_{MLD}$, ${\bar{HKE}}_{DEEP}$)를 계산하였다. ${\bar{HKE}}_{MLD}$는 ${\bar{W}}_I$와 밀접한 관련을 보였으며 태풍 경로의 오른편에서 강하게 나타났다. ${\bar{HKE}}_{DEEP}$는 주로 동해 남부에서 패치형태로 강하게 나타났으며, 음의 상대 소용돌이도를 가지는 난수성 소용돌이와의 상관성이 확인되었다. NIW에너지에 태풍이 주는 영향을 확인하기 위해, 태풍이 없는 여름철과 12월의 에너지와 상호 비교하였다. 그 결과, 태풍에 의한 ${\bar{HKE}}_{MLD}$는 태풍이 없는 여름에 비해 2.5~5.7배, NIW가 가장 큰 12월 평균대비 0.4~1.0배였고, 태풍에 의한 ${\bar{HKE}}_{DEEP}$는 태풍이 없는 여름대비 1.2~1.6배, 12월 평균대비 0.8~1.0배로 태풍에 의한 NIW가 혼합층과 심층의 해양 연직혼합 모두에 상당한 영향을 줄 수 있음을 확인하였다.