• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.421-426
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• 2009

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of vocalization of laying hen related with space in battery cage. The size of cages were classified into control (0.30 m ${\times}$ 0.14 m ${\times}$ 0.55 m, length ${\times}$ width ${\times}$ height), small (0.21 m ${\times}$ 0.14 m ${\times}$ 0.55 m) and large (0.30 m ${\times}$ 0.30 m ${\times}$ 0.55 m) size. Vocalization of 16 individuals of laying hen in each group of Hy-Line Brown (80 week old) were recorded 3 hours per day (10:00am~11:00am, 3:00pm~4:00pm and 7:00pm~8:00pm) using digital recorder and microphone during October 2008 and February 2009. Characteristics of frequency, intensity and duration of vocalization were analyzed by GLM (general linear model) and Duncan's multi-test. There were differences in basic and maximum frequency, and intensity based on analysis of spectrogram and spectrum among different cage sizes. Vocalization of laying hen would be one of the indicators to understand the stress caused by rearing space in batter cage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

Marine traffic management could be defined as the implementation of managerial technical measures to improve vessel traffic safety. The managerial elements of vessel traffic management for ports and harbours or narrow channels include the total amount of traffic control, the vessel traffic separation scheme, speed restriction, traffic control by signals, the navigation information service and so forth. This research aims to quantify how much the traffic separation schemes(TSS) contribute to the alleviation effect of ship handling difficulty and to propose a design standard when the individual management measure is applied in an actual waterway. Traffic separation schemes have now been established in most of the major routes and congested waters of the world, and the number of collisions and groundings have often been dramatically reduced. In this part, the relationship between the alleviation of ship handling difficulty and the reduction of encounter figures among ships is quantitatively clarified by applying the ES model. As results of simulation analysis, it is recognized that a traffic separation system is most effective in the case of narrow width and heavy traffic volume. The centre buoy installation reduces about 1/4 of the alleviation of ship handling difficulty, TSS establishment 1/3, and design change to one-way traffic from two-way traffic reduces 1/2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 1989

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of control leaf number on growth and chemical characteristics, and on yield and quality In (rue-cured tobacco The rest upper leaves of 14, 16, and 18 leaves per plant were removed at button stage, and the plants were harvested :0, 12, and 16 leaves with discard 4 leaves of the bottom, respectively. 1. There were showed a tendency to increase in length (LL), width (LW), area (LA), fresh (LFW) and dry weight (LDW) per leaf as leaf numbers were decreased, while those per plant and the ratios of increase of those per plant were decreased. 2. In compensation effect (CE), there were increase in LL, LFW, LDW, LL/LW and LDW/LFW with each decreased in leaf numbers while LW was decreased, LA unchanged. 3. There were significant Increases in LL, LW, and LA at 5th~8th stalk positions form bottom (SP), while those .at 13th~16th SF were decreased. Also, LDW at 5th~l0th, and LDW/LFW and weight Per unit leaf area at 11th 16th were Increased as leaf numbers decreased. 4. Mean per plant and CE of nicotine were increased, but those of sugar were decreased with each decrease In leaf numbers. In addition, nicotine contents at 5th~14th SP except for 9th~10th were increased, otherwise sugar contents at 7th~14th were decreased. 5. There were showed a tendency to increase in grade per Plant and in tirade at 5th~8th SP, but decrease in CE of grade as leaf numbers were decreased. There wee significant decrease in grade at 11th~14th SP. Also, ratio of 5 grade was decreased, while ratios of 3 and 4 grades were increased. 6. When the 2 leaves at 3rd~4th SP were harvested, price was decrease 2.6% and yield was increased 5.8 %. 7. When the 6 leaves from convention were removed at but ton stage, effects of apparent, compensational, and net per leaf on yield were -3.9%, +2.6%, and -6.5%, respectively, and those on price were +1.1%, -1.6% and +2.7%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.359-364
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• 1999

The effect of Salicylic acid (SA) on the leaf growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance in Commelina communis L. was investigated. C. communis which was grown in Hoagland solution containing 1 mM SA during 3 weeks resulted in a significant reduction of leaf length, width and area. 1 mM SA reduced about 10% of the leaf area at 1 week and 2 weeks, but inhibited 22% of the leaf area at 3 weeks. SA also showed great effect on the reduction of chlorophyll content. SA reduced 47% and 53% of chlorophyll content each at 2 weeks and 3 weeks when it was compared with the control. Chlorophyll a/b ratio in SA treated sample was increased at 3 weeks representing that SA was sensitive to chlorophyll b. The treatment of SA did not inhibit the activity of PSII＋PSI, PSII and PSI. This result indicates that SA did not show direct effect oil the photosynthetic electron transport activity. However, when C. communis was grown in Hoagland solution containing I mM SA fer long period, SA showed clear inhibition of photosyhthesis in intact leaves. The treatment of SA for 3 weeks showed about 23~65% inhibition of photosynthetic activity at various light intensity (100~1000$\mu$mo1 m­$^2$S­$^1$). Similar effect was found on stomatal conductance. The treatment of SA caused an almost closure of stomata. Similar effects of stomatal conductance at various light intensity indicate a loss of normal control on stomatal mechanism. These results indicate that the effect of SA on photo-synthetic activity was not by SA itself but by indirect metabolic pathway.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 2002

The therapeutic effect of safflower seed powder on experimental osteoporosis in the rat induced by ovariectomy was evaluated. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized at the age of 12 weeks. Seven weeks postovariectomy, rats were divided into two groups: control and safflower seed powder treated group. Five animals from each group were sacrificed at the following time points: 1, 3, and 5 weeks. Scanning electron microscopic observation and morphometric analysis of the tibiae epiphysis showed that the administration of safflower seed powder significantly prevented reduction of cortical bone width and bone volume compared with the control group. In conclusion, safflower seed powder contains something that prevent bone loss due to estrogen deficiency, and was effective in preventing the osteoporotic decrease of bone mass.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2004

For the study of ecophysiological characteristics of ground cover plant with shade tolerance, the material productivity and the growh characteristics were analyzed in Hosta clausa community at experimental farm of Kemyung College from March to October. The installation of experimental plots were split into control plot (full sunlight), 30%, 50%, 70%, shading rate by completely randomized design method. After the transplant, to take into account the edge effect of plant population, the plants were selected from each plot by random sampling every 10days. The following results were obtained; Then number of leaf, length of leaf and width of leaf length of leafstack remarkably showed high tendency under 30%, 50% shading plot as compared with control, 70% shading plot for the exmination as the process of develpment. They showed characteristics as herbaceous ground with shade tolerance under conparatively low the light condition and they ettain a stabilized development.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1781-1788
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• 2008

This report is the result of a basic experiment done on a mock-up tunnel, of what happens to the ventilated flow and fire driven flow inside a railway tunnel as the current inside the tunnel changes when an anti-smoke or a radio frequency invert control is installed. The duct used in this experiment is 10m in length, 0.5m in height and 0.25m in width and made of acrylic. An anti-smoke system with a motor that can produce current of 10m/sec maximum in order to create ventilated flow, has been installed. A honeycomb has been installed at the entrance of the duct to create a current flow that exists in tunnels. In order to create a ventilated flow, a current of 4m/s, 6m/s and 8m/s were generated using the anti-smoke system, as the study of current developed. A Hot-wire(TSI) and Pressure sensor(ENDEVCO) was installed in the duct, 1m apart, as the measurement of current and pressure went on. The current and pressure were automatically measured through the Lap View program and PC; the current flow in the mock-up tunnel generated by the honeycomb has been analyzed the pressure distribution and pressure drop has been analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2018

Biochar is the carbon solid produced through the pyrolysis of a biomass from organic sources such as agricultural waste, animal manure, and sludge under limited or anaerobic conditions. Biochar has the effect of reducing greenhouse gases through the carbon sequestration method; additionally, biochar is known to function as a soil amendment. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of biochar on the growth characteristics of Chinese cabbage at Chungnam National University in Daejeon, Korea. The Chinese cabbage was grown for 50 days in a glasshouse in pots. A pruning branch was used to produce the bead and pellet forms of biochar through pyrolysis. The biochar was added to the soil at 0, 2, and 5% by weight. The Chinese cabbage with the 2% treatment of the bead form of biochar had the highest fresh weight ($149.43{\pm}15.92g\;plant^{-1}$) which was increased by 10% compared to the control ($136.91{\pm}31.46g\;plant^{-1}$). Moreover, for the 5% treatment of the bead form of biochar ($60.91{\pm}9.82g\;plant^{-1}$), the growth decreased by 57% compared to the control. As the content of the bead form of biochar increased, the shoot dry weight, leaf number, leaf length and lead width that appeared decreased. An increase in the total organic matter, Avail. $P_2O_5$, Ex. cation and EC was observed when the biochar content was increased. Our results support the application of 2% biochar in the bead form for increased growth of Chinese cabbage.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.95-104
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• 2004

This paper propose a motion estimator architecture to reduce the power consumption of the most-power-consuming motion estimation method when designing multimedia SoC with deep submicron technologies below 0.13${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The proposed architecture considers both dynamic and static power consumption so that it is suitable for large leakage process technologies, while conventional architectures consider only dynamic power consumption. Consequently, it is suitable for mobile information terminals such as mobile videophone where efficient power management is essential. It exploits full search method for simple hardware implementation. It also exploits early break-off method to reduce dynamic power consumption. To reduce static power consumption, megablock shutdown method considering power line noise is also employed. To evaluate the proposed architecture when applied multimedia SoC, system-level control flow and low-power control algorithm are developed and the power consumption was calculated based on thor From the simulation results, power consumption was reduced to about 60%. Considering the line width reduction and increased leakage current due to heat dissipation in chip core, the proposed architecture shows steady power reduction while it goes worse in conventional architectures.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.70-77
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• 2013

We suggest a low area and high efficiency switched-mode power supply (SMPS) with a pulse width modulation (PWM) generator based on a pseudo relaxation-oscillating technique. In the proposed circuit, the PWM duty ratio is determined by the voltage slope control of an internal capacitor according to amount of charging current in a PWM generator. Compared to conventional SMPSs, the proposed control method consists of a simple structure without the filter circuits needed for an analog-controlled SMPS or the digital compensator used by a digitally-controlled SMPS. The proposed circuit is able to operate at switching frequency of 1MHz~10MHz, as this frequency can be controlled from the selection of one of the internal capacitors in a PWM generator. The maximum current of the core circuit is 2.7 mA, and the total current of the entire circuit including output buffer driver is 15 mA at 10 MHz switching frequency. The proposed SMPS has a simulated maximum ripple voltage of 7mV. In this paper, to verify the operation of the proposed circuit, we performed simulation using Dongbu Hitek BCD $0.35{\mu}m$ technology and measured the proposed circuit.