• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 2011

PURPOSE. This randomized clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and effectiveness of the ErhBMP-2 in alveolar bone regeneration as well as preservation of the ${\beta}$-TCP bone graft material that contains ErhBMP-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study involved 72 patients at the 3 study centers. The patients, who were divided into 2 groups: the experiment group who had ErhBMP-2 coated TCP/HA and the control group who had TCP/HA graft material alone transplanted immediately after tooth extraction. CT was taken before and 3 months after the transplantation and healing status was compared between the two groups. The efficacy endpoints that were used to measure the degree of bone induction included alveolar bone height and 3 measurements of bone width. The paired t test was used to determine the significance of the changes (P<.05). RESULTS. Changes in alveolar bone height were $-1.087{\pm}1.413$ mm in the control group and $-.059{\pm}0.960$ mm in the experimental group (P<.01). At 25% extraction socket length [ESL], the changes were $0.006{\pm}1.149$ mm in the control group and $1.279{\pm}1.387$ mm in the experimental group. At 50% ESL, the changes were $0.542{\pm}1.157$ mm and $1.239{\pm}1.249$ mm, respectively (P<.01 for 25% ESL, and P<.05 for 50% ESL). During the experiment, no adverse reactions to the graft material were observed. CONCLUSION. ErhBMP-2 coated ${\beta}$-TCP/HA were found to be more effective in preserving alveolar bone than conventional ${\beta}$-TCP/HA alloplastic bone graft materials.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.169-179
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of dental varnish applied with fluoride to dental pulp by comparing the groups of commercial fluoride product $Duraphat^{(R)}$, $Copalite^{(R)}$ after 1 Mole sodium fluoride application, Cavity $Sealer^{(R)}$ after 1 Mole sodium fluoride application with the control group not applied the dental varnish. After Cl V Cavity form was prepared on the buccal surface of the crowns with the total 75 teeth by using 5 dogs, average weight of 13.2Kg, dental varnish and silver analgram were placed. This study was performed by 3, 7, 21, 28, 56 days each. The dogs were sacrificed to extract the teeth, cut at the apical one fourth, and prepared histologic examination by fixing with 10% buffered formalin perfusion at sacrifice and decalcification in 10% nitric acid. The specimens were embedded in paraffin, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, and serially sectioned with 6 ${\mu}$width each. Microscopic evaluation of serial sections at the various time periods among the different groups revealed the following results: 1. In the control group, the marked change of the odontoblastic layer was showed on the 3 days group, and it was decreased gradually. Healing response, such as hyperplasia, was seen on the 28 days group and it was continued to the 56 days group. 2. In the experimental group with Cavity $Sealer,^{(R)}$ a slight hemorrhage was seen in the odontoblastic layer on the 3 days group, and the healing response with the hyperplasia of the odontoblast was showed on the 21, 28 days group. It was completely healed on the 56 days group. 3. In the Duraphat R group, a slight hemorrhage showed on the 3 days group and the disarrangement of the Odontoblastic layer was seen on the 7, 21, 28 days group. Odontoblasts showed hyperplasia on the 28 days group, and healed completely on the 56 days group. 4. In the $Copalite^{(R)}$ group, the 7 days group showed remarkable hemorrhage in the odontoblastic layer and stroma, and also it showed reticular degeneration with the disarrangement of the odontoblastic layer and congestion. Each group showed disarrangement. Healing ability of this group was greater than that of the control group, but less than that of the $Duraphat^{(R)}$ and Cavity $Sealer^{(R)}$ group.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.297-304
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a 3-Dimensional laser scanner for the space analysis after loss of a primary first molar. Six children with premature loss of a primary first molar were examined using study models taken before and after the extraction. The results were as follows: 1. There was no change in primary molar space after the extraction of a maxillary primary first molar However, 2 out of 3 children experienced primary molar space loss in extraction side of a mandibular primary first molar. 2. Arch width and arch perimeter showed no difference between initial and final model. 3. All primary canines did not show any changes in inclination. Maxillary primary second molars had similar changes in both extraction and control side. However, 2 out of 3 mandibular primary second molars in extraction side showed more lingual tipping compared to control side. Mandibular permanent first molars tipped more lingually in extraction side. 4. In angulation, primary canines showed nothing of significance. Mandibular primary second molars tipped more mesially in extraction side than in control side. Maxillary permanent first molars have increased distal angulation after extraction of primary first molars in both side.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.132-140
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• 2006

This investigation into unfermented soybeans, which were left from the soybeans used to make cheongguk-jang, was conducted to find out its availability of the application to the environmental-friendly fertilizers. The test of cultivating lettuce, using 1/5000a Wagner pot, was carried out inside the affiliated farm glasshouse, belonged to University of Chung-Nam National. The results showed that in the category of leaf length, the control and cheongguk-jang soybeans treatment plot had similar outcomes and in the category of the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybeans, it increased by about 26~33%. And in the categories of width and number of leaves it showed that the extract treatment increased by about 9~20%, in compared to the control. Finally, in the category of fresh weight, the results showed that cheongguk-jang soybean and the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean effectively increased by about 9~27%, and that pig manure compost treatment plot with the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean also significantly increased by about 26%, compared to the control. Accordingly, the unfermented soybean left in the production of cheongguk-jang and the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean are considerably appeared to be valuable environmental-friendly fertilizers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2017

As invigoration plan of the marine tourism, Busan City has the plan to operate the cruise ship inside of the harbor, but the area has narrow water way with heavy traffic. As a result it is requested to evaluate the safety for the preparation of actual navigation. In this study, the Ship Handling Simulation (SHS) Assessment was conducted, which is regulated by the Maritime Traffic Safety Audit Scheme (MTSAS) in compliance with the Marine Safety Law and the Maritime Traffic Risk Assessment System based on the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). The proximity assessment, control assessment and subjective assessment were implemented, which is enacted by the Marine Safety Law by using the SHS. In the case of proximity assessment, the probability of trespass was not analyzed. As the control assessment, the swept path was measured at 11.7 m and 11.5 m for port entry and port departure respectively, which exceeded the width of the model vessel, 10.4 m over; it was considered as a marginal factor. As a result of the subjective evaluation of the navigator, there would be no difficulty on ship maneuvering by paying particular attention to the mooring vessel nearby the Busan Bridge and Yeongdo Bridge as well as the coming vessel from the invisible sea area when the vessel is entering and departing the port. The Marine Traffic Risk Assessment System analyzed as [Cautious] level until the vessel passed the Busan bridge and the curved area at 5 kts and it became to [Dangerous] level from where it left 75 m to the Busan Bridge. When the vessel passed the Busan Bridge and the curved area at 10 kts and entered the narrow area, it indicated the [Dangerous] level and became to [Very dangerous] level from where it left 410 m to the Busan bridge. In conclusion, the vessel should maintain at the speed of 5 kts to reduce the risk when it passes this area.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2002

The effect of low dose $\gamma$ radiation on photosynthesis and the reduction of photoinhibition in red pepper plant was investigated. The seedling height leaf width and leaf length of pepper were stimulated in plants grown from seeds irradiated with the low dose of 4 Gy. The $O_2$ evolution in the 4 Gy irradiation group was 1.5 times greater than in the control. To investigate the effect of low dose $\gamma$ radiation on response to high light stress, photoinhibition was induced in leaves of pepper by illumination of high light (900 $\mu mol/m^2/s$). Pmax was decreased with increasing illumination time by 20% in the control, while hardly decreased in the 4 Gy irradiation group. The photochemical yield of PSII, estimated as Fv/Fm, was decreased with increasing illumination time by 50% after 4 hours while Fo did not change. However, Fv/Fm in the 4 Gy irradiation group was decreased by 37% of inhibition, indicating that the photoinhibition was decreased by the low dose $\gamma$ radiation. Changes in the effective quantum yield of PSII, $\Phi_{PSII}$, and 1/Fo-1/Fm, a measure of the rate constant of excitation trapping by the PSII reaction center, showed similar pattern to Fv/Fm. And NPQ was decreased after photoinhibitory treatment showing no difference between the control and the 4 Gy irradiation group. These results showed the positive effect of low dose $\gamma$ radiation on the seedling growth and the reduction of photoinhibition.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.503-507
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of shoot training method on the plant growth and fruit quality and yield of 'Sinsakigake-2' and 'Shishito' peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) grown in the glasshouse. Plants were either left untrained as control or trained at the third node leaving two or four shoots per plant. The untrained control plants had no pruning and therefore had all the lateral branches. The growth was enhanced in plants with two trained shoots in both cultivars. Fruit length and width, fruit weight, and pericarp thickness were not affected by the number of shoots trained. However, the percent marketable fruits was the highest in plants with two trained shoots, and the number of marketable fruits per plant was the highest in plants with four trained shoots. Marketable yield in plants with four trained shoots increased 15% in 'Sinsakigake-2' and 5% in 'Shishito' as compared to that of the control. Results of this study showed that yield and quality of pepper fruits were promoted by training with four shoots and the effect was more pronounced in 'Sinsakigake-2' than 'Shishito' pepper.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2006

Although the main purpose of periodontal treatment to regenerate is the complete regeneration of periodontal tissue due to periodontal disease, most of the treatment cannot meet such purpose because healing by long epithelial junction. Therefore, diverse materials of resorbable and non-resorbable have been used to regenerate the periodontal tissue. Due to high risk of exposure and necessity of secondary surgical procedure when using non-resorbable membrane, guided tissue regeneration using the resorbable membrane has gain popularity, recently. However, present resorbable membrane has the disadvantage of not having sufficient time to regenerate date to the difference of resorption rate according to surgical site. Meanwhile, other than the structure stability and facile manipulation, acellular dermal matrix has been reported to be a possible scaffold for cellular proliferation due to rapid revascularization and favorable physical properties for cellular attachment and proliferation. The purpose of this study is to estimate the influence of acellular dermal matrix on periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone when acellular dermal matrix is implanted to 1-wall alveolar bone defect. 4 dogs of 12 to 16 month old irrelevant to sex , which below 15Kg of body weight, has been used in this study. ADM has been used for the material of guided tissue regeneration. The 3rd premolar of the lower jaw was extracted bilaterally and awaited for self-healing. subsequently buccal and lingual flap was elevated to form one wall intrabony defect with the depth and width of 4mm on the distal surface of 2nd premolar and the mesial surface of 4th premolar. After the removal of periodontal ligament by root planing. notch was formed on the basal position. Following the root surface treatment, while the control group had the flap sutured without any treatment on surgically induced intrabony defect. Following the root surface treatment, the flap of intrabony defect was sutured with the ADM inserted while the control group sutured without any insertion. The histologic specimen was observed after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The control group was partially regenerated by periodontal ligament, new cementum and new alveolar bone. the level of regeneration is not reached on the previous formed notch. but, experimental group was fully regenerated by functionally oriented periodontal ligament fiber. new cementum and new alveolar bone. In conclusion, we think that ADM seems to be used by scaffold for periodontal ligament cells and the matrix is expected to use on guided tissue regeneration.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2011

Proper light intensity, potting media, fertilization level, and shade tolerance were investigated to develop Orostachys (Korean name, Nungyu bawisol) as a potted ornamental plant. The best plant growth was shown at 52% shading. Although plant growth decreased at 82% shading, ornamental value maintained at that shading rate, which indicate that O. 'Nungyu bawisol' has high shading tolerance. At over 90% shading, some of the plants died and showed decolorization and standing erect in leaves, resulting in a big decrease in ornamental value. Potting medium of decomposed granite (DG) : fertilizer-amended media (FAM) : river sand (RS) (6 : 2 : 2, v/v/v) showed the best growth in potted O. 'Nungyu bawisol'. Fresh weight of shoot part was 16 g in DG : FAM : RS (6 : 2 : 2, v/v/v), which was over 2 folds of those at the other medium. Drenching of Hyponex solution diluted by 1,000~2,000 folds 1 time per week brought the highest results in fresh weight, plant width, and runner number. Particularly, fresh weight of shoot part was 13 g higher than that of control (16 g). Leaf color tended to be darkened as concentration of Hyponex solution increased.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.268-272
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the labor saving cultivation of C. auriculatum, which has much bigger root than local variety C. wilfordii, and tested three nonsupporting methods, i.e., untreated control, top pinching, and cutting of branch-top compared with I type stake. Top growth was more vigorous in staking cultivation than in nonsupporting cultivations. Among nonsupporting methods, main vine length and total length of main vines per plant were increased in order of untreated control > top pinching > cutting of branch-top, while the opposite is true to diameter of main vein. Number of leaves per plant was lower, but leaf length and leaf width were higher in cutting of branch-top than in other nonsupporting methods. Number of branched root and diameter of main root were bigger in cutting of branch-top and in staking cultivation, while length of main root and diameter of branched root were greater in staking cultivation and in top pinching than in other treatments. Although yield of marketable root per 10a was $17.9{\sim}22.6%$ lower, income was $8%{\sim}17%$ higher in nonsupporting methods than in staking cultivation by cost saving to staking installation. Among nonsupporting methods, yield of marketable root and income were 6% and 8% higher in cutting of branch-top than in untreated control, respectively.