• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2008

Purpose: We had executed the 3 3 5 5 walking club program for 12 weeks for one hour three times per week to evaluate the effect of the program on health of the elderly. Methods: A pre and post measurement tool of the program was applied to measure obesity, rate of body fat, blood pressure, vital capacity, standard vital capacity, intake capacity of maximum oxygen, grasping power, reaction of whole body, pulse, body mass index (BMI), total bodily score, age of bodily strength, age of health. Data collected from this tool was analyzed by SPSS in paired t-test. Results: The 3 3 5 5 walking club program has affected the weight control of the participants. The participants of 3 3 5 5 walking club program reduced their weight from 61.7 kg to 61.25 kg, rate of body fat from 21.89 kg to 21.22 kg, standard vital capacity from 2,393.56 ml to 2,380.44 ml, reaction of whole body from 475.38 msec to 439.33 msec, and increased grasping power from 22.06 to 23.16 ml (p<.05), total bodily score 68.91 points to 71.38 points significantly (p<.05). Conclusion: The result indicated that the 3.3.5.5 Walking club program has an positive effect on improving health care of the elderly without special exercise tools.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.184-194
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• 1996

A comparative study of three absorbable suture materials of chromic catgut, Dexon II (a polyglycolic acid suture with a polycaprolate coating system) and Coated Vicryl (a polyglactin 910 suture with a glycolide-lactide-calcium stearate coating system) was undertaken in terms of tensile strength, breaking elongation, appearances of the suture materials in the subcutaneous layer of rats and of tissue reaction in the intramuscular layer of rats. The initial tensile strength of chromic catgut and the tensile strength after 21 days were about 1.55 kg and 0.19 kg, respectively. Those of Dexon II were about 2.01 kg and 0. 20 kg, respectively. Those of Coated Vicryl were about 2.39 kg and 0.48 kg, respectively. Coated Vicryl showed the highest tensile strength among the three materials during the whole period. On the other hand, Dexon II showed the highest breaking elongation among the three materials during the first week. But the breaking elongation of Dexon II rapidly continuously decreased during the whole period. The appearances of the suture materials in the subcutaneous layer of rats showed that chromic catgut was the fastest among the three materials, whereas it formed comparatively much connective tissue. The intramuscular absorption rate and tissue reaction of Dexon II were similar to those of Coated Vicryl. The intramuscular absorption rate of these was fairly late when compared with chromic catgut. And the tissue reaction appearance of these showed the formation of a granuloma with foreign body giant cells, macrothages and epitheloid cells by the 28th day in the experimental period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.229-230
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• 1996

The 116 annual meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan was held in Kanazawa from March 27 to 29 in 1996, Our presentation will be concerned to a few topics in this meeting. Recently not only pharmaco- and toxico-kinetic studies but also pharmaco- and toxico-dynamic studies are beginning to be worthy of notice. This is quite reasonable, because the blood concentration-time curves of a parent compound must be useful, but it is no more than a cross section for pharmaco- and toxico-dynamic in many organs and tissues as main reaction site for drug metabolism,

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.262-263
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• 1996

The 116 annual meeting of the pharmaceutical Society of Japan was held in Kanazawa from March 27 to 29 in 1996. Our presentation will be concerned to a few topics in this meeting. Recently not only pharmaco and toxico kinetic studies but also pharmaco and toxico dynamic studies are beginning to be worthy of notice. This is quite reasonable. because the blood concentration time curves of a parent compound must be useful, but it is no more than a cross section for pharmaco and toxico dynamics in many organs and tissues as main reaction site for drug metabolism.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.591-591
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• 2003

Apical periodontitis is inflammation of the periodontium caused by infection of the pulp canal system. Moreover, a dental periradicular lesion occurs as a periradicular tissue reaction to bacterial infection and consists of periradicular inflammation with alveolar bone destruction and root resorption, a consequence of the interaction between oral flora and the existing host defenses. Many investigations dealing with the pathogenesis and history of periradicular lesions have described histologically, immunologically, biochemically the development of the periradicular lesion；but none of these studies have shown any correlation between this lesion and several factors, the whole body disease in the worldwide.(omitted)

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.52-58
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• 1991

Review of literature on the symptoms of sweat. According to comparative studies of oriental and occidental medical literature on the symptoms of sweat, following results were obtained. 1. oriental medicine 1) time: ja han (自汗), do han (盜汗) 2) body : du han (頭汗), su jog han (手足汗), sim han (心汗), eum ban (陰汗) pyun hang (偏汗) 3) kan (肝) : hwang han (黃汗), sim(心) : sin han (心汗), hyul han(血汗), bee (脾) : sig hu han (腎虛汗) sin(腎) : eum han (陰汗) By the study of the oriental medical literature, sweat were concerned with physiological function and pathological transformation of the body, 2. occidental medicine 1) NO sweat of the whole body 2) NO sweat of the part 3) much sweat of the whole body, 4) much sweat of the part. By the study of the western medical literature, sweats were tiny reaction of the· nerve and the mind.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.207-223
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• 2009

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the reaction time of body guards in different stances to provide quantification of data for educational use. There were 4 martial art trained body guards participating in this study. The results of the EMG analysis and reaction time are as follows. The average reaction time of the whole body was $1.38{\pm}0.07$ seconds. In the first phase the reaction to the signal was $0.22{\pm}0.02$ seconds while in the second phase the reaction after checking was $0.62{\pm}0.10$ seconds, which produced the largest impulse. the reaction times of the third and fourth phase were gradually reduced, $0.29{\pm}0.02$ seconds and $0.26{\pm}0.02$ seconds consecutively. In the body guard posture the following muscles had a high activity level; phase one the right and left of the tibialis anterior muscle, phase two the right and left of the tibialis anterior muscle and the right of the gastrocnemius, phase three the right side of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius, phase four the left and right of the biceps femoris and the right side of the rectus femoris. In the first and second phase the shank muscles were used a lot, whereas in the third and fourth phase the shank and thigh muscles were used a lot showing the overall muscle activation of the lower limbs.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2017

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer used in a polymerization reaction in the production of polycarbonate plastics. It has been used in many consumer products, including plastics, polyvinyl chloride, food packaging, dental sealants, and thermal receipts. However, there is little information available on the inhalation toxicity of BPA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine its inhalation toxicity and effects on the estrous cycle, spatial learning, and memory. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 10, 30, and $90mg/m^3$ BPA, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks via whole-body inhalation. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight, hematology, serum chemistry, estrous cycle parameters, performance in the Morris water maze test, and organ weights, as well as gross and histopathological findings, were compared between the control and BPA exposure groups. Statistically significant changes were observed in serum chemistry and organ weights upon exposure to BPA. However, there was no BPA-related toxic effect on the body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weights, estrous cycle, performance in the Morris water maze test, or gross or histopathological lesions in any male or female rats in the BPA exposure groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for BPA in rats is above $90mg/m^3$/6 hr/day, 5 days/week upon 8-week exposure. Furthermore, BPA did not affect the estrous cycle, spatial learning, or memory in rats.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to verify exercise effect of horse riding exercise according to estimate basal physical fitness and activities of daily living(ADL) function in the aged. Participants were nineteen peoples who have no impediment of activity. They performed horse riding exercise using SRider(Neipplus, Co., Korea) at sixty minutes a day. Exercise has progressed three days a week for eight weeks. We measured trunk flexion, sit up, whole body reaction, leg strength and maximal oxygen uptake as basal physical fitness. Also three meter gait, single stance with eyes opened and single stance with eyes closed as ADL function were estimated once a month. The result of legs strength and whole body reaction showed the higher significantly than before the exercise. Moreover, the result of three meter walking ability only increased significantly among the ADL function. This means that horse riding exercise might be activated continuous muscular contraction with maintained tonus of muscle. We thought that continuous movement of horse riding could be lead to isometric muscle contraction in lower limbs. Our study found that horse riding exercise could improve lower strengths and muscle reaction for exercise effect. Also we suggested that horse riding exercise could be adapted to exercise methods that could provide rehabilitation and treatment enough for the aged or disabled person.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.7 s.94
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• pp.1864-1873
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• 1993

A biomechanical approach was carried out to analyze foot-floor reaction forces acting on five male subjects performing a walking task. The task analyzed was walking over an obstacle with the right bare foot. The foot-floor reaction data were measured from a force plate, and then processed using a software developed. The source program was coded in the C language for easier on-line data acquisition and graphic displays. High repeatability was found in the reaction data acquired from three trials by each subject. For obstacle height from 0 to 25 cm, the maximum in reaction force reached up to 1.048 BW in the vertical, 0.174 BW in the anterior-posterior, and 0.054 BW in the medio-lateral components, respectively. A quantity was defined by the difference between two vertical reaction values, and this quantity was found to be proportional to the obstacle height. It was also shown that the whole body motion could be predicted the measured foot-floor reaction data.