• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.150-158
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• 2014

Four ectomycorrhizal fungi were tested for their ability to utilize seven carbon sources in modified Melin-Norkrans medium. After 60 days of mycelial culture, the highest mycelial growth in Hygrophorus russula (KFRI 1987), Sarcodon aspratus, Leccinum extremiorientale (KFRI 1194), and Tricholoma matsutake (KFRI 1256) was observed with use of dextrin used as a carbon source. H. russula, S. aspratus (KFRI 1676), and L. extremiorientale showed the lowest mycelial growth on nutrient medium with pectin. The utilization of homoglycans (starch, dextrin) in seven strains (except for T. matsutake KFRI 1256) was higher than that of heteroglycan (pectin). The final pH values of all culture media were decreased by pH 1.1~3.0 compared with the initial pH values of culture media. The dominant color of mycelia was white and varied according to the carbon sources (yellow, brown, and purple) in some strains. A single colony was observed in L. extremiorientale cultured in liquid media containing four or five different types of carbon sources, whereas multiple colonies were formed in liquid media containing six different types of carbon sources by six strains.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

Cultivation characteristics of 12 strains of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis crispa) collected in Korea were investigated by growing the mushroom on sawdust medium of Larix kaempferi. As cultivation characteristics, incubation period for full growth of mycelium in a cultivation bottle, cultivation time period taken for first harvest, and mushroom color and yield were examined. S. crispa KFRI 723 showed the shortest for incubation period with 59 days while S. crispa KFRI 746 showed the longest with 94 days. The earliest mushroom harvesting was achieved by 29 days from S. crispa KFRI 746 and the latest was by 63 days from S. crispa KFRI 691. The colors of fruit body of the tested strains can be divided into three groups; S. crispa KFRI 700 was white, S. crispa KFRI 747 was yellow brown, and the others were light yellowish. KFRI 700 yielded the most as 163 g from 380 g sawdust media, while KFRI 746 and KFRI 747 were the lowest with 58 g and 35 g, respectively. As results of cultivation characteristics of 12 strains of cauliflower mushroom, we consider that three strains (KFRI 700, 723 and 724) of S. crispa are suitable for sawdust cultivation on L. kaempferi in the aspects of mycelial growth period, harvesting period and mushroom production, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation diets of powdered mulberry leaves on egg production, egg quality and blood characteristics in laying hens. Laying hens were fed diets for 30 days containing 0% powdered mulberry leaves (Control), 1% powdered mulberry leaves (T1), 2% powdered mulberry leaves (T2), and 5% powdered mulberry leaves (T3). The egg production, yolk weight and albumen weight were no significant difference among treatment groups. The albumen weight was significantly decreased by the supplementation of powdered mulberry leaves in all treatment groups (P<0.05). The albumen high, yolk color score, egg sell thickness and egg shell breaking strength were no significant difference. The total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration of control was higher than T3, and the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration and glucose of control were lower than treatment groups (P<0.05). The white blood cell (WBC) was significantly increased by the supplementation of powdered mulberry leaves compared to the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, these data indicate that 5% powdered mulberry leaves supplementation was most effective in decreasing total cholesterol and triglyceride and increasing HDL-cholesterol, glucose and WBC.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.6
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• pp.55-66
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• 2005

Three types of epoxy resins (Epo-Tek 301, Araldite 103, and Araldite 106) and three types of pigments (bunche, pastel, and conté), which are materials for porcelain restoration, were selected as examination materials. The tone change, porosity, and sedimental resulting from the mixtures of varying ratios of these three materials were observed. Samples were also made from the mixture of Epo-teck 301, four kinds of white pigments, and six types of fillers and subjected to ultraviolet ray penetration for 200 hours to observe the oxidation of the epoxy resins. The result showed that the chemical composition of pastel drastically changed when mixed with Epo-tek 301. Although bunche and conté displayed clear colors, those of conté were less clear when it was mixed with other substances. Adding a small amount of Epo-tek 301 tended to be driven into the corner, whereas mixing a large amount caused saturation and boiling. On the other hand, AW 106 did not display clear colors owing to its high viscosity; when mixed in large amounts, however, the clarity of colors improved. For AY 103, a similar standard of color clarity was maintained regardless of the mixture ratio. The following was ranked according to the level of porosity: [Pastel>bunche≒conté]. In terms of sedimentary, however, [bunche>conté>Pastel], [Epo-tek 301> AY 103> AW 106]. The result of measuring the degree of yellowing revealed that titanium, pastel, silicon dioxide, and kaolin tended to turn yellow, whereas bunche, conté, diatomaceous earth, and calcium hydroxide tended to resist yellowing.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.198-203
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• 2012

To improve hygienic quality of egg, the ozone treatment was applied. Eggs were inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium, and the inoculated eggs were treated by ozone (38.8 ppm) for 10-30 min. Furthermore, microbiological and chemical quality changes of eggs were investigated during storage. Initial number of S. Typhimurium of egg shell was 6.18 log CFU/g and the number was increased during storage (p<0.05). However, those of ozonated samples for 10-30 min were 4.22-5.25 log CFU/g, which was lower than that of the control. Especially, ozone treatment for 30 min achieved about 2 decimal reductions and the numbers were maintained during storage. Other physical and chemical characteristics of eggs by ozone treatment, including Haugh unit, yolk color, pHs of egg white and yolk, foaming ability, foam stability and lipid oxidation development were not different when compared with that of the control. Therefore, ozone treatment is one of the available methods to improve hygienic quality of eggs.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.459-469
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• 2016

The goal of this study was to examine property changes induced by the choice of filler used with an epoxy resin that was developed in 2014 to restore cultural assets and consider the applicability of the resin as a restorative agent. The properties of putty mixed with 9 types of fillers and as-developed resins were compared with those of existing materials with regard to stability, superiority and applicability. The potential of the putty as an alternative material was also examined. The materials produced the best adhesiveness, color change and hardness results when mixed with lime. Micro balloon produced the best wear rates and hardening times, while diatomite produced the best tensile and compressive strengths. A plaster and white mineral pigment mixture produced the best specific gravity. Every material except for lime exhibited about 2.5-20 times higher wear rates than the existing material, which is thought to exhibit an excellent cutting force. The hardening time was enhanced by about 0.5-9 times to improve convenience. The stability of the relic was also ensured by improving hand staining without any shrinkage or deformation. The material exhibited about 0.5-27 times less yellowing. Thus, it is thought to be a material that can reduce property changes and reduce the degree of relic fatigue which occurs during reprocessing and sense of difference from relic.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.359-369
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• 2018

When expressing Christ visually in the medieval Christian painting, the most important issue was how to express the divinity as Son of God and the humanity as attribute of human in a balanced manner. The purpose of the study is to examine both formative and symbolic characters of divinity and humanity on the Christ's body and clothes in the Medieval paintings, Transfiguration of Christ. In the paintings, Christ's body is definite evidence to show both his divinity and humanity. In connection with the body, the clothes reveal Christ's humanity and divinity as well. Through this research, the study found that the divinity and humanity on the Christ's clothes in the Transfiguration of Christ were as follows: Blue, gold, purple, white and bleaching effect are the emblem of divinity, and red and color contrast effect with a high chroma stand for humanity of Christ. In addition, unstructured wrinkles of clothes reveal Christ's divinity, on the other hand, structured drapery shows his humanity through emphasizing volume of the body. Finally, divinity of Christ is shown on the gold clavus and red clavus intensify his humanity. Medieval Christian paintings are products planned out to express Christ's dual nature. There is a significance that the paintings represent the profession of painter's faith and the dogma of the era. Furthermore, they suggest the importance of the image to deliver the abstract concepts by visualizing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.236-240
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• 2002

Characteristics of ostrich egg shell and optimal ashing conditions for preparation of calcium lactate were investigated. Average weight, girth, and length of ostrich egg shell with membrane (OESM) were 255.17 g, 39.50 cm, and 15.20 cm, respectively. Ostrich egg shell without membrane (OES) contained 0.35% moisture, 40.98% Ca as a maior mineral, 2.43% protein, and 235.0 mg/100 g of amino acids. Optimal ashing times for preparation of white-colored ashing powder from OES were 12 hr at $700^{\circ}C$, 80 min at 80$0^{\circ}C$, and 15 min at 90$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. These ashing conditions resulted in ashing powder with yields of 54.5~54.6% and color values of 97.26 ~97.51 for $L^{*}$, -0.30~-0.34 for $a^{*}$, and 0.63~0.98 for $b^{*}$. Ashing powders, from three different particle size ranges of OES, did not show significant differences in yield.eld.d.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.3 s.55
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• pp.130-134
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• 1999

Somatic embryos were induced directly from cotyledon explants of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2,4-D, BAP, kinetin or lacking growth regulators. When somatic embryos formed on all media grew to cotyledonary stage, the further development of embryos was ceased and remained in white color. By gibberellic acid (over 1.0 mg/1 $GA_3$) treatment, all the somatic embryos turned rapidly to green and germinated within 3 weeks. Chilling treatment also induced the germination of somatic embryos. The effective temperature regime was $-2^{\circ}C$ for over 8 weeks but more higher temperature than $0^{\circ}C$ did not effective for germination of somatic embryos. Ultrastructural observation revealed that the cotyledon cells of somatic embryos without chilling or $GA_3$ treatment contained numerous lipid reserves, dense cytoplasm, proplastids and non-activated mitochondria with poorly differentiated internal structure, but the cotyledon cells of germinating somatic embryos after chilling or $GA_3$ treatment highly vacuolated and contained well-developed chloroplasts and active state of mitochondria enclosing numerous cristae. The above results indicate that in vitro developed somatic embryos of Panax ginseng may be dormant after mature similar to zygotic embryos.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2014

This study was performed to monitor the seasonal occurrence of Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) by using pheromone traps and to test a mating disruption technique to control this pest in pear orchards. We compared the attractiveness of rubber septa loaded with 1.5 and 3.0 mg of the pheromone, 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-yl acetate. A total of 1,021 and 1,431 males were caught in traps baited with 1.5 mg and 3 mg of the pheromone, respectively. The numbers of males caught were not affected by trap color, although yellow traps were more attractive than white traps. In 2012, P. comstocki males were captured between June and October, with peaks in late June, early August, and late September. In 2013, the males were trapped between June and October, with peaks in middle June, late July, and late September. In pheromone mating disruption tests, catches were reduced by 17.7, 65.3, and 62.9% in orchards treated with 450, 900, and 1,350 mg per 10 a of the pheromone, respectively. At harvest, 3.4, 2.9, and 4.8% of fruits in orchards treated with 450, 900, and 1,350 mg per 10 a were damaged by P. comstocki, while 9.5% were damaged in the control orchard.