• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2019

'Choyoung', a winter forage triticale cultivar (X Triticosecale Wittmack), was developed at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2015. The cultivar 'Choyoung' has the leaves of medium width, long length and green color and a medium grain of brown color. The heading date of the cultivar 'Choyoung' was April 30 which was 2 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. Its tolerance or resistance to cold, wet injury, powdery mildew, and leaf rust was similar to those of the check cultivar. But the resistance to the lodging of cultivar 'Choyoung' was stronger than that of the check. The average forage fresh and dry matter yield of cultivar 'Choyoung' at milk-ripe stages were 40.5 and $15.7MT\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, which were similar to those (40.3 and $16.1MT\;ha^{-1}$) of the check cultivar. The silage quality of 'Choyoung' was higher than that of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' in crude protein content (5.9%), while was similar to the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' in acid detergent fiber (33.9%), neutral detergent fiber (57.3%), and total digestible nutrients (62.2%). It showed a grain yield of $5.59MT\;ha^{-1}$, which was 38% higher than that of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' ($4.05MT\;ha^{-1}$). This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing forage crops in areas in which average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-10^{\circ}C$.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2019

In this study an optimization of the preparation conditions of activated carbon with a ternary metal ion material to treat $H_2S$, which is classified as a representative odor substance, was carried out. For a metal ion material for enhancing the adsorption performance of hydrogen sulfide, performance enhancement was confirmed by combining Li and Fe or a ternary combination (K, Li, Fe) based on KI, which is a substance promoting hydrogen sulfide adsorption performance. Also, it was determined by XRD analysis that the reaction of each active substance with $H_2S$ was because of binding. The adsorption performance increased more than 3 times with heat treatment of the adsorbent with nitrogen compared with heat treatment with air. The maximum adsorption constant ($q_m$) value of the optimum adsorbent was 97.07, which is 6 times higher than that of the existing K-based impregnated activated carbon. It was confirmed that the objective adsorption amount ($0.3g\;g^{-1}$) was secured by an equilibrium between the mass transfer rate and adsorption rate. From the results, it was confirmed that the performance improvement was noticeable even when activated carbon with a reagent grade activated carbon particle size was modified. It was confirmed that the adsorption performance exists at high relative humidity levels of 60 and 100%, and the optimized preparation can be applied to a wet process such as a scrubber downstream.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.81-87
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• 2008

In accompany with the transfer of US army bases, recent surveys reported serious contamination of soils by the release of petroleum from storage facilities and heavy metals accumulated in rifle-ranges. These problems have made an increased concerns of cleanup technology for contaminated soils. In this study, a full-scale soil washing process improved by multistage continuous desorption and agitational desorption techniques was examined for petroleum-contaminated soils obtained from three different remedial sites that contained 29.3, 16.6, and 7.8% of silt and clay, respectively. The initial concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) were 5,183, 2,560, and 4,860 mg/kg for each soil. Pure water was applied to operate washing process, in which water used for washing process was recycled 100% for over 6 months. The results of full-scale washing tests showed that the TPH concentrations for soils (> 3.0 mm) were 50${\sim}$356 mg/kg (85.2${\sim}$98.2% removal rates), regardless of the contents of silt and clay from in A, B and C soil, when the soils were washed at 3.0 kg/$cm^2$ of injection pressure with the method of wet particle separation. Based on the initial TPH concentration, the TPH removal rates for each site were 85.2, 98.2 and 89.9%. For soils in the range of 3.0${\sim}$0.075 mm, the application of first-stage desorption technique as a physical method resulted 834, 1,110, and 1,460 mg/kg of TPH concentrations for each soil, also additional multi-stage continuous desorption reduced the TPH concentration to 330, 385, and 245 mg/kg that were equivalent to 92.4, 90.6, and 90.1% removal rates, respectively. The result of multi-stage continuous desorption for fine soil (0.075${\sim}$0.053 mm) were 791, 885, and 1,560 mg/kg, and additional agitation desorption showed 428, 440, and, 358 mg/kg of TPH concentrations. Compared with initial concentration, the removal rates were 92.0, 93.9 and 92.9%, respectively. These results implied we could apply strategic process of soil washing for varies types of contaminated soils to meet the regulatory limit of TPH.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.39-42
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• 1999

Perfluoropolymers represent the ultimate resistance to hostile chemical environments and high service temperature, attributed to the presence of fluorine in the polymer backbone, i.e. to the high bond energy of C-F and C-C bonds of fluorocarbons. Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene (TEE) and 2, 2, 4Trifluoro-5Trifluorometoxy- 1, 3Dioxole (TTD), commercially known as HYFLON AD, are amorphous perfluoropolymers with glass transition temperature (Tg)higher than room temperature, showing a thermal decomposition temperature exceeding 40$0^{\circ}C$. These polymer systems are highly soluble in fluorinated solvents, with low solution viscosities. This property allows the preparation of self-supported and composite membranes with desired membrane thickness. Symmetric and asymmetric perfluoropolymer membranes, made with HYFLON AD, have been prepared and evaluated. Porous and not porous symmetric membranes have been obtained by solvent evaporation with various processing conditions. Asymmetric membranes have been prepared by th wet phase inversion method. Measure of contact angle to distilled water have been carried out. Figure 1 compares experimental results with those of other commercial membranes. Contact angles of about 120$^{\circ}$for our amorphous perfluoropolymer membranes demonstrate that they posses a high hydrophobic character. Measure of contact angles to hexandecane have been also carried out to evaluate the organophobic character. Rsults are reported in Figure 2. The observed strong organophobicity leads to excellent fouling resistance and inertness. Porous membranes with pore size between 30 and 80 nanometers have shown no permeation to water at pressures as high as 10 bars. However high permeation to gases, such as O2, N2 and CO2, and no selectivities were observed. Considering the porous structure of the membrane, this behavior was expected. In consideration of the above properties, possible useful uses in th field of gas- liquid separations are envisaged for these membranes. A particularly promising application is in the field of membrane contactors, equipments in which membranes are used to improve mass transfer coefficients in respect to traditional extraction and absorption processes. Gas permeation properties have been evaluated for asymmetric membranes and composite symmetric ones. Experimental permselectivity values, obtained at different pressure differences, to various single gases are reported in Tab. 1, 2 and 3. Experimental data have been compared with literature data obtained with membranes made with different amorphous perfluoropolymer systems, such as copolymers of Perfluoro2, 2dimethyl dioxole (PDD) and Tetrafluorethylene, commercialized by the Du Pont Company with the trade name of Teflon AF. An interesting linear relationship between permeability and the glass transition temperature of the polymer constituting the membrane has been observed. Results are descussed in terms of polymer chain structure, which affects the presence of voids at molecular scale and their size distribution. Molecular Dyanmics studies are in progress in order to support the understanding of these results. A modified Theodoru- Suter method provided by the Amorphous Cell module of InsightII/Discover was used to determine the chain packing. A completely amorphous polymer box of about 3.5 nm was considered. Last but not least the use of amorphous perfluoropolymer membranes appears to be ideal when separation processes have to be performed in hostile environments, i.e. high temperatures and aggressive non-aqueous media, such as chemicals and solvents. In these cases Hyflon AD membranes can exploit the outstanding resistance of perfluoropolymers.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 2020

A winter forage tetraploid rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivar, 'Daegokgreen', was developed at the Department of Central Area Crop Science, NICS, RDA in 2016. The mutant line 'CG11003-8-B', which was induced from rye cultivar 'Gogu' (diploid) by colchicine treatment, was selected for its excellent agronomic performance and was placed in preliminary yield trials for one year, 2013. The line was designated "Homil59" and was tested for regional yield trials at the four locations in Korea from 2014 to 2016. Finally, the new cultivar was named as the 'Daegokgreen' (grant number 8274). The leaf of cultivar 'Daegokgreen' is wide, long and dark-green color. The cultivar also has a big-size grain with light-brown color. The heading date of cultivar 'Daegokgreen' was April 17 which was 2 days later than that of check cultivar 'Gogu'. The tolerance to cold and wet injury, and resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust of the new cultivar were similar to those of the check cultivar but the resistance to the lodging of the new cultivar was stronger than that of the check. The average roughage fresh and dry matter yield of the new cultivar after 10 days from heading were 37.0 and 7.7 MT ha-1, respectively, which were similar to those (38.4 and 8.0 MT ha-1) of the check cultivar. The roughage quality of 'Daegokgreen' was higher in crude protein content (8.9%) than that of the check cultivar (7.9%), while was similar to the check in total digestible nutrients (56.9%). This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing forage crops at all of crop cultivation areas in Korea.