• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 1971

It is well known that shellfish absorb and accumulate heavy metals in the water environment. When the concentration of the heavy metals in the water is above guideline, we find abnormal accumulation of them in the body of shellfish. This study on green oysters is an instance showing the relationship between the abnormal accumulation of heavy metal and industrial wastewaters containing it. The influence of the industrial wastewaters upon shellfish has been discussed from the statistical, physiological, and saprobiensystematic points of view, and the author wants to make clear of the absorption and accumulation mechanism of the heavy metals and physiological situation. This paper deals with the copper-contents in the meat of oysters which were collected in Changhang Bay and Daechun area, the latter being not supposed to be influenced by the water of the Kum River during the period from October 1970 to february 1971. The mean value of the copper contents in oysters caught at the sampling station in the Changhang Bay area is ranged from 851.5 to 143.1mg Cu/kg wet base, and that of Daechun area varied from 13.0 to 27.4mg Cu/kg wet base, so an evident difference is seen at a significance of $0.1\%$. It appears that one of the environmental factors making copper concentrated in the oysters of the Changhang area is due to the copper-contaning slug being discharged into the sea water by the Changhang Ore Refinery.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.303-309
• /
• 2013

Marine algal flora and community structure were investigated seasonally at three sites in Gijang on the south-east coast of Korea from February 2006 to January 2007. A Total of 74 species were collected and identified, including 8 green algae, 16 brown algae, and 50 red algae. Of these, 15 species were found throughout the survey period. Mean biomass was 823.2-1,615.4 g wet weight $m^{-2}$ in winter, 689.1-3,196.8 g wet weight $m^{-2}$ in spring, 574.5-1,219.9 g wet weight $m^{-2}$ in summer, and 747.6-1,616.2 g wet weight $m^{-2}$ in autumn. The flora could be classified into six functional groups: coarsely branched form (37.8%), thick leather form (18.9%), sheet form (13.5%), filamentous form (12.2%), jointed calcareous form (10.8%) and crustose form (6.8%). The R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P values reflecting the flora characteristics were 3.13, 0.50 and 3.63, respectively. The number of marine algae species and the biomass in Gijang area were markedly reduced when compared with previous studies. This result suggests possible future changes in the algal vegetation, considering the physical and chemical pollution loadings in the coastal marine environment of this area.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.1318-1326
• /
• 2023

Introduction: Pressure ulcers, often found in patients with mobility issues, particularly elderly patients, are increasing in prevalence. Their treatment is complex, with recovery more challenging in advanced stages, and certain factors can delay healing. Case Presentation: An 87-year-old male developed a grade IV pressure ulcer on his left greater trochanter following lumbar fractures and subsequent percutaneous vertebroplasty in 2021. Despite potential surgical recommendations, his treatment consisted of daily wet dressings, acupuncture from July 2021 to February 2022, and Gami-sipjeondaebo-tang beginning August 2021. The ulcer, initially measuring 6 cm×6 cm and showing a red wound without necrosis, healed completely and showed no signs of recurrence as of August 2023. Conclusion: A grade IV pressure ulcer was effectively treated using wet dressing, acupuncture, and Gami-sipjeondaebo-tang, demonstrating no recurrence over a 1.5-year period.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.397-406
• /
• 2004

It is necessary to estimate the groundwater recharge rate properly to evaluate the reasonable development amount of groundwater in a specific site. A small basin in Wicheon River Basin located in the Province of Kyungsangbuk-Do is selected to calculate the groundwater recharge rate. Average annual groundwater recharge rates are calculated from 1992 to 1997 because wet and draught year are contained during this period. In the calculation, baseflow separation method and SCS-CN method are applied to this area. As a result of estimation by baseflow separation method, the value of groundwater recharge ratio is varied between 11.9% and 18.7%. The average annual recharge rate is 14.5%. The average annual recharge rate calculated by SCS-CN method is varied between 7.9% and 20.9%. The average annual recharge rate in the calculation period is 15.1%. The results show that the average annual recharge amount from infiltration in the study basin is 141.6mm and 147.4mm in each estimation method. It appears that the average annual recharge amount calculated for the long period containing wet and draught year by the two methods is useful for groundwater development.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.13 no.3 s.56
• /
• pp.406-413
• /
• 2005

This study performed the evaluation of skin temperature, heart rate, temperature and relative humidity of microclimate, and subjective sensation, such as thermal sensation, wet sensation and comfort sensation to estimate physiological responses of the human body and its comfortable feeling to the vitamin E fabric. Experiments were performed on the five healthy adult women whose average age was 21, at climate chamber in which temperature, relative humidity and air current were set up below $30{\pm}\;1^{\circ}C$, $50{\pm}\;15\%$ and 0.2m/s, respectively. Two kinds of clothes were used for experiments: unfinished sports clothes, with the same form and the same size, of short-sleeved knit shirt and long trousers made with $100\%$ cotton, and finished sports clothes printed with the vitamin E solution of the level of $0.88\%$. Exercises of walking (about 105 steps/minute) with the exercise intensity of 2.5 were performed for 20 minutes using treadmill. In result, the study showed significant difference (p<0.01) in average skin temperature between unfinished and finished sport clothes, and represented higher value with having unfinished sport clothes in wear than with finished one. The study also showed significant difference (p<0.01) in heart rate only during the period of exercise, and represented higher value generally with unfinished sport clothes than with finished one. There were significant differences not only in temperature of microclimate (p<0.01) but also in humidity of microclimate (p<0.05) between two sport clothes. As for the evaluation of subjective sensation, the study showed significant difference (p<0.05) in thermal sensation between the two kinds of sport clothes, significant difference in wet sensation only during the period of exercise, and significant difference (p<0.05) in comfort sensation only during the period of recovery.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 2010

Carbon isotopic compositions of the YC-2 stalagmite in Yongcheon Cave were analyzed to delineate paleoclimatic variations near Korean peninsula for the past historical period. The YC-2 stalagmite is about 68 mm long and annual growth laminae are distinctively identified. Because the number of growth laminae is at least 242, the stalagmite can be estimated to be at least 241 years old. At about 15 mm from the bottom, one thick brown growth lamina is observed, and this lamina was likely to have been formed when the stalagmite ceased to grow, making the hiatus. High resolution, carbon isotope data indicate past fluctuations of East Asia monsoonal intensity (intimately related to the amount of precipitation). Based on the carbon isotope trend, the stalagmite can be divided into three stages (Stages I, II and III). The highest carbon isotopic compositions of Stage I (${\delta}^{13}C$=-3.3~0.4‰, PDB) indicate that the stalagmite grew during the Little Ice Age when cold and dry climate prevailed with less vegetation. Stage II is characterized by a transitional period from cold and dry to warm and wet climate with a increasing trend of carbon isotopic compositions (${\delta}^{13}C$=-9.6~-0.6‰) and this period indicates the weakening of the Little Ice Age climate. This decreasing trend also suggests that Little Ice Age was terminated near middle 1870's around Korean peninsula. Relatively low carbon isotopic compositions during Stage III (${\delta}^{13}C$=-11.0~-8.0‰) indicates that the climate was changed to warm and wet conditions which are similar to the present.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 1999

This paper examines Haniwa costume in the Goboon period of Japan. The results are as follows. 1. Haniwa costume consisted of two pieces, the upper one and the lower one. Man wore Jacket and Pants, woman wore Jacket and Skirt ; besides, they wore several ornaments such as hats, necklaces, earings, bracelets. 2. When it was introduced, two-piece costume signified, symbolically, the authority of the chieftain and his near men wore it. 3. Before it was introduced, their proper costume had been the same kind of costume as Whoengpok-costume and Gwandu-costume, which was the primitive costume in the South countries. That costume was fit both for the hot and wet nature of Japan and for the working lower-class, so it was continuously worn by the lower-class after two-piece costume had been introduced. 4. In the Goboon period of Japan, a unified government with the class ruling was established for the first time. Thus, this social order was reflected in costume as a whole, and costume had such class-oriented features.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 1976.04a
• /
• pp.182.3-182
• /
• 1976

A laboratory study was made for developing an fermentative method of producing conventional Korean soy sauce type of product from sandfish and defatted soy bean Koji of Aspergillus oryzae as raw material and enzme source, respectively. As an attempt to shorten the fermentation period, the admixture, consisting of pre-chopped sandfish slurry and the Koji of Asp. oryzae (100：15, wet fish weight/dry Koji weight) with added water equal to the fish weight (v/w), was first allowed, while being agitated at 450rpm, to undergo digestion for a 5 hour period at $50^{\circ}C$ with no added salt and then then, after adding 20％ salt (w/v), the hydrolysate mixture was ripened for up to 13 weeks at $30^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C,$ At intervals, an aliquot was withdrawn for determining microbiological, chemical and organoleptic changes taking place in the sandfish-defatted soy bean koji mixture during both digestion and ripening period.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2018

Currently, in South Korea, because of reducing the construction period or treating wasted water, there are some cases of missing wet curing for concrete structure even though for high strength concrete. This air curing conditions is considered to cause increased possibility of compressive strength decrease, and increasing drying or autogenous shrinkages. As a solution of shrinkage of concrete, The authors' research team conducted the research on improving durability of concrete with decreasing autogenous shrinkage by adding the oil or fat to induce the saponification. Therefore, in this research, the influence of curing method on compressive strength, shrinkage on evaporation rate of high strength mortar including high volume supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) was evaluated depending on various curing methods such as air curing, drying after painting emulsified refined cooking oil (ERCO), and drying after 7 and 28 days' wet curing. The experimental result showed the air curing method caused approximately 50% of decreased compressive strength and 1.9 times of increased shrinkage rather than the 28-day-wet curing method, thus it was known that the wet curing significantly influences on performance of high strength mortar using high volume SCMs. However, the ERCO painting curing caused decreased performance of concrete rather than drying after 7 days curing while it caused improved performance of concrete than entire period air curing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.402-413
• /
• 2022

Objectives: In this study, the scale of exceeding the extreme heat exposure standard at the construction site was estimated using the nationally approved statistical data and wet bulb globe temperature modeling method. By comparing and analyzing the modeling results with the existing work environment monitoring results, the risk of heat exposure at outdoor construction sites was considered. Methods: Using the coordinates of second level administrative districts and meteorological observatories as the key, the automated synoptic observing system data and building permit data for 2021 were matched. The wet-bulb temperature was obtained using Stull's formula, and the globe temperature was obtained using the Tg_KMA2006 model. WBGT was calculated using these. Excess rates were obtained compared to exposure limits for heavy work-continuous work and moderate work-25% rest. It was compared with the results of the work environment monitoring in 2020. Results: As a result, 1,827,536 cases were estimated for 11,052 workplaces in one year. This is much higher than the 5,116 cases of 3818 workplaces of the existing work environment monitoring results. It is confirmed that the exposure limit was exceeded in 10.6~24.0% of the entire period and 70.2~84.1% of the peak period of the heat wave. It is very high compared to 0.9% of the existing work environment monitoring result. Conclusions: It is necessary to improve the system of monitoring and statistics related to extreme heat. Additional considerations are needed regarding WBGT estimation methods, meteorological data, and evaluation time. Various follow-up risk assessment studies for other industries and time series need to be continued.