• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.373-382
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• 2014

The skin is an organ that covers the outside of the human body. And it regulates body temperature, performs sensory function, deliveries the drug, and represents the abnormality of the internal organs. For these reasons, people have been expressing the condition of the body based on the state of the skin of the face to detect sign of health, "you look well", "face with vitality". Depending on the degree of aging and the environment, it is a fact that skin color, skin texture, moisture and firmness could be different. In particular, the color of the skin acts as a factor that affects to determine the subjective impression such as beauty and charm. We could expect consumer's demand through the market of whitening cosmetics and skin treatment. However, existing most of the cosmetics focus on improving whiteness. The number of studies that focused on skin color is not enough. In this study, we found out the skin color condition by carrying out surveys of 100 women between 30s and 40s. Our study would be very useful to develop new cosmetic products and to satisfy customer's needs.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to differences of foot plantar pressure balance and lung capacity according to cervical posture in adults. Method: The subjects consisted of 33 adults in their 20s and 50s who use M centers in B-gu and H-gu, B-City, and they measured foot plantar pressure balance and lung capacity according to cervical posture (cervical normal curvature posture, cervical flexural posture) in adults. Results: In this study, the difference of foot plantar pressure balance according to cervical posture were analyzed. In the difference between left and right foot pressure balance. It was 1.50% increased in the cervical flexural posture than in the cervical normal curvature posture, and a statistically significant difference was observed. In the difference between the anterior and posterior foot pressure balance. It was 4.28% increased in the cervical flexural posture than in the cervical normal curvature posture, and a statistically significant difference was observed. The difference of lung capacity according to cervical posture were analyzed. In the PEF, It was 58.63 l/min decreased in the cervical flexural posture than in the cervical normal curvature posture, and a statistically significant difference was observed. In the FEV1, It was 0.15 ℓ decreased in the cervical flexural posture than in the cervical normal curvature posture, and a statistically significant difference was observed. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that had a positive effect on differences of foot plantar pressure balance and lung capacity at cervical normal curvature posture in adults. In future research, itis believed that research on the elderly who have collapsed the normal curvature posture due to aging, as well as teenagers whose normal curvature posture due to the use of smartphones, will contribute to the balance of foot pressure and improvement of the right cervical habits. In future studies, it is also believed that it will be necessary to measure lung capacity after performing exercise according to the cervical posture, thereby providing sufficient oxygen during exercise to enhance the persistence and efficiency of the movement.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-168
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• 1995

It is a common wisdom that the long-term economic development of Korea chiefly depends not only on the steady increase of the capital formation but also on the stable increase of the national saving. And also it is a widely accepted opinion that household saving plays a significant role for the smooth supply of investment funds. For the empirical analysis on the determining factors of household saving, consumption function of the household of Korea was utilized indirectly. The reason is that consumption function is regarded as a stable function whereas saving function is considered to be an unstable function of the relevant independent variables. In order to carry out the regression process of the consumption functions, data on the family income and expenditure survey and the farm household economy survey was used. The regression result could be summarized as follows : Firstly, household income and the number of the employed in the household have the negative effect in determining the consumption ratio of the Korean households. On the other hand, ages and the educational attainment of the household heads as well as the number of the household members have the positive effect. During the early part of 21st century, the consumption ratio of the Korean households is expected to be decreased because of the increasing trend of household income, and the ever increasing number of the employed member of the household based on the increasing trend of the labor force participation rate of women and the decrease of the average size of the number of household members owing to widespread nuclear family system. On the other hand, the consumption ratio of the household of Korea is expected to be increased because of the continuous increase of the average ages of the household heads caused by the population aging phenomena and improvement of the educational attainment of the household heads. But on the whole, household saving ratio is expected to be increased owing to the secular downward trend of the consumption and therefore no significant difficulties are anticipated for the smooth provision of investment resources needed to have long-term economic progress of Korea.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.149-182
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• 2001

Due to the sustained increase in lifts expectancy, the number and proportion of the aged population has substantially increased, the proportion of the total population aged 65 and over was 7.1% in 2000 and 14.3% in 2022. But All public pension schemes in Korea, including the National Pension scheme, civil servants pension scheme, private school teachers pension scheme and the military pension scheme, are facing valving degree of financial problems at present because of their weak and unstable financial bases. with the result that some of them have recorded deficits for some time and the others are expected to run deficits in the near future. This crisis in financial sustainability in public pension schemes is attributable to the structural weakness of the schemes which can be characterized as high benefits, low contribution. Therefore, this article focuses on alternative of public pension schemes reform in Korea. The results is as follows. First, a basic pension is proposed to be newly established and the earnings related portion of National Pension Scheme will be as national pension. Secondly, the Basic Pension is a universal basic pension covering all nationals over 18 years and older, thereby achieving \"one pension for everybody\" Thirdly, National Pension will be operated as an earnings related pension covering only those participants with assessed income. Fourth1y, the current participants of public occupational pensions will also join the Basic Pension as well as the public occupational pensions whose scope of works will be reduced. And finally, The conversion of Retirement Allocation Scheme into a corporate pension should be left to the discretion of the company concerned.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.169-186
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• 2018

The social influence of the elderly population will accelerate in a rapidly aging society. The purpose of this study is to establish a methodology for extracting vulnerable districts of the welfare of the aged through machine learning(ML), artificial neural network(ANN) and geospatial analysis. In order to establish the direction of analysis, this progressed after an interview with volunteers who over 65-year old people, public officer and the manager of the aged welfare facility. The indicators are the geographic distance capacity, elderly welfare enjoyment, officially assessed land price and mobile communication based on old people activities where 500 m vector areal unit within 15 minutes in Yongin-city, Gyeonggi-do. As a result, the prediction accuracy of 83.2% in the support vector machine(SVM) of ML using the RBF kernel algorithm was obtained in simulation. Furthermore, the correlation result(0.63) was derived from ANN using backpropagation algorithm. A geographically weighted regression(GWR) was also performed to analyze spatial autocorrelation within variables. As a result of this analysis, the coefficient of determination was 70.1%, which showed good explanatory power. Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi coefficients are analyzed to investigate spatially outlier as well as distribution patterns. This study can be used to solve the welfare imbalance of the aged considering the local conditions of the government recently.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

Korea is experiencing a rapid increase in the number of elderly living alone accompanying the aging society problem, a nd is making efforts to solve the problem through the policy of 'living alone u-care service'. The purpose of this study is to propose a better u-Care service improvement method by applying new technology to improve the user experience of ucare service for the health and safety of the elderly living alone. First, the improvement of u-Care service for elderly livin g alone by applying IoT technology. It provides remote monitoring service using health information data measured through wearable device, and transmits personal health status to medical institution by using personal device such as smart phone, so that remote medical consultation or telemedicine can be connected in the future. Second, improvement of u-Care service through consideration of emotional stability of elderly living alone as well as simple safety and health care through applica tion of emotional service robot technology.It is expected that it will be able to help independent living of one person's elde rly person in the future by providing caring function service to existing u-care service providing service.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.165-182
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• 2020

This research shows solutions for relieving the reversibility of the VAT system, and the solutions will be reviewed with current issues about supporting welfare. The Followings provide practical implementing solutions for each issue. Since the VAT is taxed for all goods and services as a general consumption tax, it is efficient tax policy for resource allocation comparing to income tax. On the other hand, because of the reversibility of the tax burden is also treated as a non-effective tax system for fair taxation. Even it is a non-effective tax system, the VAT system takes the most portion from the total national tax. In South Korea economic system, it is hard to raise the VAT rate because the economic effects are tremendous. For the long-term, the possibility of increasing the VAT rate is unavoidable, considering the economy, society, environment and energy, and aging. Therefore, a variety of substituted policies for the reversibility should be covered once there is a conference for the increase in the VAT rate. This research provides foundational solutions by acknowledging the reversibility of the tax burden in terms of the effective value-added tax rate. The followings are four solutions. First, it is required to adjust the duty-free system for relieving the reversibility and expand the tax-free system as well as individual consumption tax items. Second, The relief of reversibility should be worked by imposing higher the tax rate for high-income people' goods and services. Third, the adjustment of the duty-free system could be considered due to relieve the reversibility of the VAT. Last, it is considered to adjust of the simplified taxation system because the simplified taxation system is seriously against the tax-transfer principles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1431-1438
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• 2014

This study assessed the risk and prevalence of anorexia as well as associated factors among home-dwelling elderly adults. The subjects were 419 elderly men (116) and women (303) aged 65 years and older ($76{\pm}5.6yr$) living in Korea. Data were collected by personal interviews using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation. The prevalence of anorexia was 35.1% among participants. Male elders (74.1%) had higher proportions of anorexia than female elders (20.1%) (P<0.001). Significant differences in the appetite were observed according to type of disease, depression, and activities of daily living (ADL) index. In the poor appetite group, central nervous system diseases were the primary illness in male elders (P<0.01), whereas endocrine diseases were the primary illness in female elders (P<0.01). Elders with good appetites had less symptoms of depression (P<0.001) and greater independence in ADL (P<0.001). These results explored the high prevalence of anorexia in geriatric populations in Korea and its impact on elderly nutritional status and health. Further research should be performed to identify the causes of anorexia and establish an intervention protocol allowing the early diagnosis of anorexia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

Garlic has drawn attention as a food material for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties as well as for prevention and treatment of cancer. In order to increase efficiency, various aging methods for garlic have been attempted. In particular, thermally processed garlic is known to have higher biological activities due to its various chemical changes during heat treatment. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-oxidative effects of garlic extracts aged at low temperature ($60{\sim}70^{\circ}C$). In the results, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing ability of low temperature-aged garlic (LTAG) were similar to those of raw garlic. LTAG also showed decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of reactive oxygen species, although there were not significant differences among samples. In addition, xanthine oxidase activity was inhibited by LTAG; the 15 days and $60^{\circ}C$ extract showed outstanding inhibition compared with the others. To understand the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-oxidative activity of LTAG, we performed quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The 30 days and $70^{\circ}C$ extract upregulated mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes such as Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. This result indicates that LTAG can be a functional food as a nature antioxidant and antioxidant substance.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.245-251
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• 2009

Recently, human life and the low birth rate and aging population has increased exponentially. Entry into an aged society in the present case and the different policy alternatives, and is a reality. Resolution of one of these older active community participation and production activities to foster a rich life, infants need to be able to build a ubiquitous environment can be damaging. Latest IT technology in the development of intelligent life on all human life even more convenient by combining the computer and try to build a productive environment is. You simply connect your computer to the elderly rather than older users to use, efficient and productive way to improve efforts to follow. Emerging as an alternative to the more efficient interfaces for ubiquitous computing, user interface design criteria, albeit a little uncomfortable by suggesting improvements of the elderly and their participation in production activities helped to improve the quality of life. Ubiquitous environment, as well as means to improve the living environment of older people live independent lives, as given us is that you can get the premise of this study was in progress.Thus, by analyzing the characteristics of the elderly for the elderly by offering more efficient way to interface design for a new era of ubiquitous pushing back the boundaries of the elderly have been instruments to achieve social vitality.