• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제103권2호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2014

Forestry management problems in South Korea have been caused by small and scattered forest lands, aging forest owners, and the increase of absentee forest owners. To solve these problems, it is a time to consider the introduction of forest land bank system for the expansion of forestry management scale, the effective management of neglected forest lands, and the stable livelihood support for aged forest owners. Therefore, this research implemented the questionnaire survey of necessity, expectation, willingness to use, and introduction plans for the forest land bank system in order to examine the feasibility and demand of the system focused on forest owners, non-forest owners, and people who return to the farm. The questionnaire survey was conducted for 262 of resident forest owners, 152 of absentee forest owners, 427 of non-forest owners, and 101 of people who return to the farm. 77.5% of forest owners and 63.8% of non-forest owners agreed with the necessity of the introduction for the forest land bank system. Both forest owners and non-forest owners would prefer to use forest land reverse mortgage and leasing among projects of the forest land bank. In addition, 75% of people who return to the farm also expected that forest land bank would be helpful to their rural and mountain life, and they would have higher preference to participate in leasing and buying forest lands than other projects. Based on the outputs of the feasibility and demand survey in this research, this study can play a key role in determining basic direction, major functions, types and range of projects as well as providing information for establishing policies of the forest land bank system.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.671-680
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Haeyeol-tang on infectious disease of respiratory system. Methods : Haeyeol-tang was used by cold storage after dilution with 1, 10 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of PBS, from dried material as extracted material with extraction with 50% ethanol. Statistical significance was examined through measuring TNF-$\alpha$, RT-PCR, DPPH, nitric oxide(NO), and MTT of Raw264.7 cells activated with LPS. Results : For the toxicity experiment of Haeyeol-tang, almost no toxicity was shown on cells in the concentration ranges of 1, 10 and $100{\mu}g/ml$. For the effect of NO production, Haeyeol-tang showed significant (p<0.001) decrease of NO production, according to its concentration. For the effect on the eliminating activity of DPPH radical, Haeyeol-tang showed increasing tendency of eliminating activity of DPPH radical, according to its concentration. For the effect on revelation of NOS2 enzyme, Haeyeol-tang showed inhibiting tendency against the revelation of NOS2, according to its concentration. For the effect on the TNF-$\alpha$ production, Haeyeol-tang showed significant (p<0.001) decrease of TNF-$\alpha$ production. Conclusions : This result means that Haeyeol-tang is effective for anti-inflammation, as well as excellent effect for anti-oxidation and anti-aging.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.788-800
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• 2002

Aging is characterized by an age-dependent reduction in bone density. Pronounced bone loss by postmenopausal estrogen deficiency induces a bad effect on dynamic balance of bone metabolism. When the bone density is reduced to the level below the fracture threshold, the risk for fracture is greatly increased. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the effects of the Yuklinzu(YLZ: 毓麟珠) on the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The results of the experiment are as follows: Body weight in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum albumin in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. That in YLZ-treated was slightly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum ALP activity in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum phosphorous in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum calcium in control group showed no change in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum GOT in control group showed no change in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum GPT did not significant change among the three groups. The level of serum estrogen in control group showed slightly increased in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum T3 in control group showed no change in comparison with sham, and that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum T4 in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. Mechanical strength of the femur neck in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. That in YLZ-treated showed slightly increased in comparison with control. Trabecular bone area as well as trabecular thickness in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. Those in YLZ-treated showed significant increase in comparison with control. Trabecular number and did not significant change among the three groups. Trabecular separation only in YLZ-treated showed significant decrease in comparison with control. Osteoclast number and oseoblast surface in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham. Those in YLZ-treated showed slightly decreased in comparison with control. According to the above these results, YLZ has shown to be capable of preventing and curing osteoporosis caused by old-aged and postmenopause.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권sup1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2016

Background: While demand for cardiovascular surgery is expected to increase gradually along with the rapid increase in cardiovascular diseases with respect to the aging population, the supply of thoracic and cardiovascular surgeons has been continuously decreasing over the past 10 years. Consequently, this study aims to achieve guidance in establishing health care policy by analyzing the supply and demand for cardiovascular surgeries in the medical service area of Korea. Methods: After investigating the actual number of cardiovascular surgeries performed using the National Health Insurance claim data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, as well as drawing from national statistics concerning the elderly population aged 65 and over, this study estimated the number of future cardiovascular surgeries by using a cell-based model. To be able to analyze the supply and demand of surgeons, the recent status of new surgeons specializing in thoracic and cardiovascular surgeries and the ratio of their subspecialties in cardiovascular surgeries were investigated. Then, while taking three different scenarios into account, the number of cardiovascular surgeons expected be working in 5-year periods was projected. Results: The number of cardiovascular surgeries, which was recorded at 10,581 cases in 2014, is predicted to increase consistently to reach a demand of 15,501 cases in 2040-an increase of 46.5%. There was a total of 245 cardiovascular surgeons at work in 2014. Looking at 5 year spans in the future, the number of surgeons expected to be supplied in 2040 is 184, to retire is 249, and expected to be working is 309-an increase of -24.9%, 1.6%, and 26.1%, respectively compared to those in 2014. This forecasts a demand-supply imbalance in every scenario. Conclusion: Cardiovascular surgeons are the most central resource in the medical service of highly specialized cardiovascular surgeries, and fostering the surgeons requires much time, effort, and resources; therefore, by analyzing the various factors affecting the supply of cardiovascular surgeons, an active intervention of policies can be prescribed for the areas that have failed to meet the appropriate market distributions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2013

Impaired naming difficulty is common in normal elderly as well as in patients with neurological impairment. The 60-item Korean version-Boston Naming Test(K-BNT) is one of the most commonly used test for measuring confrontational naming ability. However, age-related cognitive decline may make the elderly difficult concentrating during the 60-item test, therefore, item reduction of the K-BNT would improve test validity and reliability. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a short form of the K-BNT based on Item Response Theory(IRT). Considering item-fit index, sex factor, and item difficulty through Rasch analysis, the 15-item K-BNT(i.e., K-BNT-15) was developed. Via administration of the K-BNT-15, we observed age-related decline in naming ability and significantly different performance between the normal elderly and patients with mild cognitive impairment. This study demonstrates the utility of IRT for developing a short-form language evaluation tool. The K-BNT-15 can be effective as a language screening tool to differentiate between normal aging and pathological diseases.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2008

Coenzyme $Q_{10}$ and six derivatives of coenzyme Qn were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory effects on melanogenesis occurred in murine melanoma (B16/F1) cells and on collagenase/elastase activities as well. As the result, synthetic coenzyme Qn showed a potent inhibitory effect on melanin formation, collagenase and elastase activities in all tested concentrations. Among these synthetic compounds, coenzyme $Q_1$ and coenzyme $Q_2$ potentially inhibited melanin formation and elastase activity when compared to other coenzyme Qn derivatives. For the collagenase activities, all coenzyme Qn derivatives inhibited 80-85% of controls. As compared, coenzyme Qn derivatives exhibited strong inhibitory activities with the decrease of isoprenoid unit number of coenzyme Qn derivatives except for collagenase activity. For the inhibition of collagenase activity, moiety of benzoquinone might be considered as the active functional group. Taken together, coenzyme $Q_1$ and coenzyme $Q_2$ might be used for functional cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.675-684
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• 2020

To prevent safety accidents caused by aging pipe infrastructure and to maintain water quality, construction projects for water and sewage pipes are actively conducted across Korea. This study analyzed the criteria situations, site survey details, and regulation revisions related to the calculation of construction cost standards for pipe laying and joining work. The analysis showed that the major causes for revision are the unclear construction scope, limitations in implementing some pipe materials due to installation facility types, workforce focused on ordinary labor, limitations of manual laying work, and the lack of tool hire cost and machine expense-calculation criteria. Field studies were conducted to categorize the pipes according to their features, in addition to identifying the use of lifting heavy equipment and light equipment. In addition, excavation and testing work conducted in connection to pipe laying, as well as the use of skilled labor, were investigated. The current study clarified the work scope through new common items, provides an organization based on the pipe material, adjusted the workforce ratio to focus more on skilled labor, and developed grounds for calculating machine expenses. These revisions were estimated to save approximately 1.28% of the construction costs in each project according to an analysis of the construction cost impact study. truction costs in each project, according to an analysis of construction cost impact study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1649-1656
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• 2015

Gene expression profiling has offered new insights into postmortem molecular changes associated with meat quality. To acquire reliable transcript quantification, high quality RNA is required. The objective of this study was to analyze integrity of RNA isolated from chicken skeletal muscle (pectoralis major) and its capability of serving as the template in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a function of postmortem intervals representing the end-points of evisceration, carcass chilling and aging stages in chicken abattoirs. Chicken breast muscle was dissected from the carcasses (n = 6) immediately after evisceration, and one-third of each sample was instantly snap-frozen and labeled as 20 min postmortem. The remaining muscle was stored on ice until the next rounds of sample collection (1.5 h and 6 h postmortem). The delayed postmortem duration did not significantly affect $A_{260}/A_{280}$ and $A_{260}/A_{230}$ ($p{\geq}0.05$), suggesting no altered purity of total RNA. Apart from a slight decrease in the 28s:18s ribosomal RNA ratio in 1.5 h samples (p<0.05), the value was not statistically different between 20 min and 6 h samples ($p{\geq}0.05$), indicating intact total RNA up to 6 h. Abundance of reference genes encoding beta-actin (ACTB), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), peptidylprolylisomerase A (PPIA) and TATA box-binding protein (TBP) as well as meat-quality associated genes (insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) were investigated using qPCR. Transcript abundances of ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT, and PPIA were significantly different among all postmortem time points (p<0.05). Transcript levels of PDK4 and PPARD were significantly reduced in the 6 h samples (p<0.05). The findings suggest an adverse effect of a prolonged postmortem duration on reliability of transcript quantification in chicken skeletal muscle. For the best RNA quality, chicken skeletal muscle should be immediately collected after evisceration or within 20 min postmortem, and rapidly preserved by deep freezing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.661-674
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• 2016

Despite a dramatic increase in the use of smartphones these days, the elderly's smartphone usage rate is relatively low. This is because there are some facts limiting the elderly's access to the smartphones: 1) aging in both physical and cognitive abilities and 2) complicated functions that are hard to see in the phones. In this study, we studied how Korean typography influence the elderly's legibility and extracted proper Korean typography factors that would best suit the elderly when they use the smartphones. As a result of the study and legibility evaluation for the 24 seniors over 65, we could witness the excellence of 13pt font size compared to 11 or 12 and the Serif typeface as being better than San Serif typeface. On the other hand, the space between the letters and lines did not make a big influence on the elderly's readability. From the preference evaluation, there were no differences found between Serif typeface and San Serif typeface. However, a bigger font size was preferred in the order of 13pt, 12pt, and 11pt. There was no difference in preference found regarding the space between the letters and the lines. We expect that proper Korean typography in smartphones could help the elderly in using the smartphones well.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of skate cartilage extracts containing chondroitin sulfate (SCS) on hyperlipidemia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed mice in comparison with the effects of shark cartilage-derived chondroitin sulfate (CS). MATERIALS/METHODS: Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-KO) mice were fed HCD with an oral administration of CS (50 and 100 mg/kg BW/day), SCS (100 and 200 mg/kg BW/day), or water, respectively, for ten weeks. RESULTS: The administration of CS or SCS reduced the levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL cholesterol and elevated the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, CS or SCS significantly attenuated inflammation by reducing the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and hepatic protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and IL-1beta (P < 0.05). In particular, the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was reduced only in the 100 mg/kg BW/day of SCS-fed group, whereas the IL-6 level was reduced in the 100 and 200 mg/kg BW/day of SCS-fed groups (P < 0.05). In addition, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production were attenuated in the livers of the CS and SCS groups mediated by the upregulation of hepatic proteins of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the biological effects of SCS, similar to those of CS, are attributed to improved lipid profiles as well as suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress induced by the intake of HCD.