• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1041-1047
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• 2011

Data on 2,365 Mecheri sheep (1,201 males and 1,164 females), maintained at the Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri, India, and recorded between 1979 and 2006, were analysed to study the growth related traits and their genetic control. The body weights at different ages (i.e. at birth, weaning (3 months), 6, 9 and 12 months) were recorded and collected from the birth and growth registers maintained in the farm. The average weights of Mecheri sheep at birth, and at 12 months of age were $2.24{\pm}0.01$ and $16.81{\pm}0.15$ kg respectively. The pre- and post-weaning average daily weight gains were $63.84{\pm}0.75$ and $29.52{\pm}0.43$ g respectively. Study revealed a significant difference with the period of lambing on body weight, weight gain and efficiency in weight gain at different stages of growth. Males were heavier and had a higher weight gain than females at almost all stages of growth and the differences tended to increase with age. The direct heritability estimates increased from birth to six months of age and then decreased. The direct heritabilities of all body weights at different stages of growth were low to moderate in magnitude and the values at birth, weaning, six, nine and 12 months of age were 0.08, 0.17, 0.21, 0.13 and 0.10 respectively. For the estimation of heritability at birth and three months body weights, the direct additive genetic and maternal additive genetic effects have to be taken into account and for the estimation of six months weight, the direct additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects have to be included in the model. The estimates of heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations among the different body weights indicated that the selection for improving the body weights at different traits should be done on the basis of three or six months weight because of higher heritability estimates and having higher genetic correlations with other traits.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-25
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• 1991

This tutorial paper has been written for biologists, physicians or beginners in fuzzy sets theory and applications. This field is introduced in the framework of medical diagnosis problems. The paper describes and illustrates with practical examples, a general methodology of special interest in the processing of borderline cases, that allows a graded assignment of diagnoses to patients. A pattern of medical knowledge consists of a tableau with linguistic entries or of fuzzy propositions. Relationships between symptoms and diagnoses are interpreted as labels of fuzzy sets. It is shown how possibility measures (soft matching) can be used and combined to derive diagnoses after measurements on collected data. The concepts and methods are illustrated in a biomedical application on inflammatory protein variations. In the case of poor diagnostic classifications, it is introduced appropriate ponderations, acting on the characterizations of proteins, in order to decrease their relative influence. As a consequence, when pattern matching is achieved, the final ranking of inflammatory syndromes assigned to a given patient might change to better fit the actual classification. Defuzzification of results (i.e. diagnostic groups assigned to patients) is performed as a non fuzzy sets partition issued from a "separating power", and not as the center of gravity method commonly employed in fuzzy control. It is then introduced a model of fuzzy connectionist expert system, in which an artificial neural network is designed to build the knowledge base of an expert system, from training examples (this model can also be used for specifications of rules in fuzzy logic control). Two types of weights are associated with the connections: primary linguistic weights, interpreted as labels of fuzzy sets, and secondary numerical weights. Cell activation is computed through MIN-MAX fuzzy equations of the weights. Learning consists in finding the (numerical) weights and the network topology. This feed forward network is described and illustrated in the same biomedical domain as in the first part.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2003

Objectives : This study aimed to develop an evaluation protocol of disability weights using person trade-off, and to test the reliability of the developed protocol in a Korean context. Methods : To develop the valuation protocol, the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) and the Dutch studies were replicated and modified. Sixteen indicator conditions were selected from the Korean version of disease classification, which was based on that of the GBD Study, and the person trade-off method referred to the Dutch method. Results : The disability weights were valued in a two step panel sfudy. The first step was a carefully designed group process by three panels, using person trade-off to establish the disability weights for sixteen selected indicator conditions. The second step consisted of interpolation of the remaining diseases, on a disability scale, by the individual members of three panels. The members of three panels were all medical doctors, with sufficient knowledge of the consequences of a broad variety of diseases. The internal consistency of the Korean disability weights was satisfactory. Considerable agreement existed within each panel and among the panels. Conclusions : It was feasible to use a modified evaluation protocol from those used in GBD and Dutch studies, This would provide a rational basis for an international comparative study of disability weights.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2011

This was conducted to determine the effects of body weight, organ weight, hematological values and biochemical parameters by L-carnitine (Carn) on the orchidectomized (Orch) rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Intact group (n=10) received no treatment and operation. Sham group (n=10) received only sham operation and no treatment. Orch group received operation and no treatment. Orch+Carn received operation and L-carnitine. The body weights of each group increased, but that of the Orch+Carn group were significantly lower than those in all the other groups. There were significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.001) of body weights between Orch+Carn group and all the other groups. Also, organ weights such as heart, liver, spleen and kidney were measured. The heart weights were significantly lower (P<0.001) in the Orch+Carn group than those in Intact and Sham groups, respectively. The weights of liver and kidney in the Orch+Carn group were significantly differences (P<0.001) in comparison with those in all the other groups. Also, the spleen weights were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the Orch+Carn group than those in Intact and Sham groups, respectively. The hematological values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were significantly differences (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001) in comparison with those in all the other groups. On the other hand, the hematological values of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were not significantly different in any other groups. The concentrations of total cholesterol (T-chol), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the Orch+Carn group as compared to those in the Orch group. We conclude that L-carnitine was significantly decreased the body weight in the orchidectomized rats. Our findings suggest that L-carnitine may influence the process of lipid packaging and absorption in the orchidectomized rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.214-222
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• 2010

The paper presents investigations on to which degree the sinking speed of longlines is influenced by type of bait, bait sinking orientations and anchor weights. The main aim of this study is to obtain further insight in the ocean current displacement phenomena in demersal longlining. The sinking speed is one of the main factors deciding the current displacement. In an ongoing project, sinking speed experiments with longlines with 6 kg and 10 kg anchor weights have been carried out in the Trondheim fjord. The longlines used in the first experiments were rigged without bait and hook. The results of these experiments with two different anchor weights have revealed only a slight difference in the sinking speed, except for the part near to the anchors, even though the sinking speed of longlines in general is supposed to be much influenced by the anchor weights. The reason for the obtained result is supposed to be that the experiments have been carried out at relative shallow waters. Further studies have included bait sinking experiments in the flume tank. The experiments showed that the drag coefficient of "fillet type (flat)" bait varied from 0.763 to 1.735, while it for "elliptic type" bait varied from 0.62 to 1.483. Other activities have included calculation of the sinking speed of longlines as a function of the established resistance coefficients of bait of various shape and size for commercial longlining. The calculated sinking speed of a longline with the fillet type bait was found to be 12.4 to 16.5% lower than for a longline without bait.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2019

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing an ankle weight belt while performing gait in water by focusing on the effect of using ankle weights have on the gait kinematics and the muscle activities for developing optimum training strategies. Method: A total of 10 healthy male university students were recruited for the study. Each participant was instructed to perform 3 gait conditions; normal walking over ground, walking in water chest height, and walking in water chest height while using ankle weights. All walking conditions were set at control speed of $4km/h{\pm}0.05km/h$. The depth of the swimming pool was at 1.3 m, approximately chest height. The motion capture data was recorded using 6 digital cameras and the EMG was recorded using waterproof Mini Wave. From the motion capture data, the following variables were calculated for analysis; double and single support phase (s), swing phase (s), step length (%height), step rate (m/s), ankle, knee, and hip joint angles ($^{\circ}$). From the electromyography the %RVC of the lower limb muscles medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, erector spinae, semitendinosus, tibialis anterior, vastus lateralis oblique was calculated. Results: The results show significant differences between the gait time, and step length between the right and left leg. Additionally, the joint angular velocities and gait velocity were significantly affected by the water resistance. As expected, the use of the ankle weights increased all of the lower leg maximum muscle activities except for the lower back muscle. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ankle weights can be shown to stimulate more muscle activity during walking in chest height water and therefore, may be useful for rehabilitation purposes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.645-651
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• 2021

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, modern society uses a diverse pool of devices. In this context, there is increasing interest in removing various kinds of noise arising in data transmission. However, it is difficult to restore image that damaged by mixed noise, and a digital filter that effectively restores an image according to the characteristics of the noise is required. In this paper, we propose a digital switching filter algorithm to remove mixed noise generated during digital image transmission. The proposed algorithm switches the filtering process through noise judgment and reconstructs the image using fuzzy weights and combined weights based on the pixel values inside the mask. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, we compared it with existing filter algorithms through simulation. Filtering results were expanded and compared for visual evaluation, and PSNR comparison was used for quantitative evaluation.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Previously, we demonstrated that the shift and/or restriction of feeding time during relatively short-term period (4 weeks) could alter the pituitary gonadotropin expression and the weights of seminal vesicle and prostate in rats. We also found that the reverse feeding (RF) schedule (up to 8 weeks) might induce an adaptable metabolic stress and cause impairment of androgen-dependent reproductive tissues. In the present study, we extended the RF time regimen up to 12 weeks, and measured the reproductive tissue weights. After 4 and 8 weeks of RF, the weights of epididymis were not significantly different. After 12 weeks, however, epididymis weights of RF animals were significantly different (CON 12W : RF 12W = $48.26{\pm}0.62mg$ : $44.05{\pm}1.57mg$, p<0.05). After 4 and 12 weeks of feeding, seminal vesicle weights of RF animals were significantly decreased (CON 4W : RF 4W = $79.36{\pm}8.34mg$ : $46.28{\pm}2.43mg$, p<0.001; CON 12W : RF 12W = $72.04{\pm}3.76mg$ : $46.71{\pm}2.27mg$, p<0.001, respectively). Prostate weights were not changed by RF. Kidney and spleen weights of RF animals were significantly different on weeks 4 and 12 (Kidney, CON 4W : RF 4W = $249.72{\pm}4.20mg$ : $228.41{\pm}3.03mg$, p<0.001; CON 12W : RF 12W = $309.15{\pm}7.49mg$ : $250.72{\pm}6.13mg$, p<0.001, respectively, Spleen, CON 4W : RF 4W = $111.26{\pm}3.76mg$ : $96.88{\pm}4.69mg$, p<0.05; CON 12W : RF 12W = $123.93{\pm}10.72mg$ : $94.68{\pm}5.65mg$, p<0.05, respectively). Histology analysis of seminal vesicle revealed that the thinner epithelial cell layers, reduced complexities of swollen papilla folding in the exocrine glands on weeks 4 and 12 of RF. There was no histological difference between control and RF group on week 8. The present study indicates that up to 12 weeks RF induced differential changes in tissue weights of male mice. In particular, seminal vesicle, kidney and spleen seemed to temporarily adapted to the RF-induced metabolic stress on week 8 of feeding schedule. These results confirmed the our previous study that the RF might induce an adaptable metabolic stress and cause impairment of androgen-dependent reproductive tissues such as epididymis and seminal vesicle as well as non-reproductive tissues such as kidney and spleen. Further studies will be needed to achieve a better understanding of the how does mealtime shift affect the reproductive function and exact nature of adaptation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.499-505
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• 2006

In this note, we give an elementary simple new proof of the main result of $Full{\acute{e}}r$ and Majlender [Fuzzy Sets and systems 136 (2003) 203-215] concerning obtaining minimal variability OWA operator weights.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.537-541
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• 2006

In this note, we give an elementary simple proof of the main result of $Full{\acute{e}}rand$ Majlender [Fuzzy Sets and systems 124(2001) 53-57] concerning obtaining maximal entropy OWA operator weights.