• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 1994

The methods in wood processing are so limited at present that a scope of its utilization is restricted. This often makes wood itself less valuable as a material comparing with other materials, that is, plastics, metals, and glass. Such differences are due to a lack of plasticity in wood, i.e. it cannot be melted, dissolved, or softened sufficiently for molding. However, once plastic properties are added to wood, it becomes more useful material. This further broadens the method in wood processing to a variety of fields. In this way, wooden material which is limited in use can be modified into a high quality product with additional value. Furthermore, utilization of wastes from wood, for example, would be made viable. In this study, thermoplasticization was carried out by benzylation of wood(sawdust). Various factors those affect the reaction were tested to produce benzylated wood with different degrees of substitution. Reaction temperature and time were the quite important factors. Optimum reaction temperature was 110$^{\circ}C$, and weight percent gains(WPG) of final products increased gradually with the increase of reaction time. The pretreatment (or preswelling) of wood with alkaline solution had a critical effect on benzylation. and the concentration of alkaline solution should be above 30% to obtain high weight percent gain. The thermal flow temperature of the benzylated wood decreased with the increase in weight percent gain, that of 80% weight percent gain is about 200$^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.85-89
• /
• 1990

Sixteen Harnai lambs were used in a completely randomized design to study the nutritive value of fourwing saltbush as a winter maintenance browse in comparison to native range grazing with or without protein and energy supplementation at Tomagh Range Livestock Research Station, in Loralai District, Balochistan. The animals were divided into four groups of four lambs each. These four groups were assigned four treatments at random: fourwing saltbush grazing alone, range grazing plus lucerne hay (100 g/head/day), range grazing plus barley grain (100 g/head/day) and range grazing alone for ten weeks. The results indicate that the two range grazing plus supplementation treatments produced weight gains which were not significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). Both of these treatments yielded significantly higher weight gains (p < 0.05) than did range grazing alone except for the last week of the study. Fourwing saltbush grazing provided cumulative weight gains at 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 weeks which were not significantly different from the range grazing plus lucerne hay treatment and gained an average of 6 percent in body weight over the 10 week period of study. The carrying capacity for sheep of a mature stand of fourwing saltbush was approximately 20 Sheep-kg-days (SKD) of grazing per cubic meter of foliage. Results of this study suggest that under fourwing saltbush grazing alone, lambs do not only maintain their body weights but can also gain weight in winter.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2008

Inorganic chemical treated wood was prepared by impregnation of calcium or magnesium chloride ($CaCl_2$ or $MgCl_2$) solution and immersion in saturated solution of ammonium fluoride ($NH_4F$) as a reactant in order to make an introduction of a refractory fluorides with fungicidal and insecticidal effects in wood. The weight percent gains (WPGs) were increased with increase in concentration of calcium chloride or magnesium chloride solution, and were higher in treatment with calcium chloride than with magnesium chloride. Inorganic substances were produced mainly in the lumina of tracheides. These substances were proved to be the calcium fluoride or magnesium fluoride by the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). The treated wood showed good decay resistance because the weight losses were hardly occurred by the test fungi such as Tyromyces palustris and Trametes versicolor. The fire resistance effect was superior to the treated wood compared with that of the untreated wood.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 1992

This study was aimed to investigate the relations between self-selected intake of 3 macronutrie-nts and body weight gain and body fat accumulation in male rats given three isocaloric diets differing carbohydrate protein and fat contents concurrently. Also the effect of dietary restriction was observed. Forty two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 68.7$\pm$6.1g were randomly divided into 2 groups and were allowed to have foods from 3 different cups for 8-hours a day or ad libitum, After 12 weeksthey were decapitated and their brains were quickly removed and frozen until they were assayed for serotonin and its metabolite 5-HIAA The carcass was dried at 105$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ and measured the contents of body water and body fat. The animals chose a moderately high and constant carbohydrate level and showed the increase of percent protein intake with age and great individual variations. Protein in the diet seemed to trigger appetite and increase food intake which resulted in higher weight gains and in more fat deposition in the body. The concentration of brain serotonin did not show any correlations with the intake of nutrients. the accumulation of body fat and the gain of body weight.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.126-132
• /
• 2001

탄산칼륨 포화용액을 감압주입한 후, 염화칼숨 포화용액으로 확산처리하여 제조한 무기질 복합화 목재 중에 있어서 물 불용성의 무기염의 생성상태와 구성성분 및 이들 무기염이 생성된 목재의 방부성능에 대하여 조사하였다. 탄산칼륨 포화용액을 주입한 젖은 상태의 시험편을 염화칼슘 포화용액에 24, 72, 120시간 동안 침지시킨후, 미반응 용액 및 부생성물을 제거하기 위하여 흐르는 수도수에 24시간 세척하는 방법으로 무기질 복합화 목재를 제조하였다. 무기염의 생성은 염화칼슘 포화용액 주입 후, 72시간의 염화칼슘 포화용액 침지처리에서 평균 108.1%의 중량 증가율을 보여 최대치에 이르렀다. 시험편의 가도관 내강에 다량의 무기염이 생성되어 있는 것이 관찰되었으며, 이들 무기염은 물에 의해 용탈되지 않고 X선 분석에 의하여 다량의 Ca 원소의 특성 X선이 검출된 점으로부터 물 난용성의 탄산칼슘인 것으로 추정되었다. 처리 시험편에서는 공시균에 의하여 거의 중량감소가 발생하지 않아 가도관 내강에 생성된 탄산칼슘으로 추정되는 무기염이 목재의 방부성능 향상에 기여하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 임산에너지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 목재에 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG)을 주입하였을 때 얻어지는 치수안정화 효과를 구명 하고자 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 수종은 일본잎갈나무(낙엽송, Larix kaempferi)이었고, 분자량이 각각 1000, 1500, 4000, 6000인 PEG를 각각 30%, 40%, 50% 수용액으로 하여 함침 처리에 사용하였다. 치수안정성은 항팽윤율을 측정하여 평가하였다. PEG 주입에 따른 중량중가율은 PEG 처리 농도 40%가 가장 높은 값을 보였고, PEG 분자량 1500 처리가 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 또한, 평균 분자량 1500이상이 되면, 분자량이 커질수록 중량증가율은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. PEG 처리재의 항팽윤율(ASE)은 PEG #1000 또는 PEG #1500 처리시 접선, 방사방향 모두 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, PEG 분자량이 증가하면, ASE 값이 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국가구학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.358-364
• /
• 2008

Wood-inorganic material composite (WIC) was prepared by impregnating wood with copper sulfate ($CuSO_4\;5H_2O$) solution and by immersed wood in sodium carbonate($Na_2CO_3$) solution in order to introduce insoluble copper compounds {copper carbonate hydroxide, $CuCO_3\;Cu(OH)_2$} into the wood to give fungicidal effects in treated-wood. The weight percent gains (WPGs) of treated wood reached maximum value by impregnation of 20% copper sulfate solution and immersion in about 15% sodium carbonate solution for 24 hrs. Inorganic substances were present mainly in the lumina and cross-field pitting of tracheides. These substances were proved to be the insoluble copper carbonate hydroxide against water by the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDXA). The treated specimens showed high preservative effectiveness because the weight losses were hardly occurred by the fungi degradation test.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.243-247
• /
• 2013

최대함수율 660%, 전건비중 0.15의 소나무를 대상으로 처리조건에 따른 PEG 침투상태를 알아보고자 하였다. PEG 용매, 함침농도, 함침기간, 함침온도에 따른 중량변화율을 구하고 SEM을 이용하여 목재 세포 내부의 PEG 침투상태를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 PEG의 침투에 용매는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 함침농도는 고농도에서 중량증가율이 높았고, 함침기간은 20일에서 가장 큰 중량증가율을 보였으며, 함침온도에 따른 차이는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 이를 토대로 PEG를 이용한 최대함수율 660%의 소형 수침고목재의 처리 시 20일 정도의 함침기간으로 충분한 PEG 침투효과를 얻을 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 농협중앙회 가축개량사업소와 한우개량단지에서 생산된 비거세 한우 숫소 3,415두의 자료를 이용하여 성장형질과 도체형질에 대한 유전모수를 추정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 한우 집단은 상반기와 하반기의 두 집단으로 구분하였는데 상반기 집단은 1986년부터 1990년까지 생산된 숫소 1,592두로서 6개월에 검정개시하여 18개월에 종료하였고, 단방식 우사에서 개체관리를 하였다. 하반기 집단은 1991년부터 1996년까지 출생한 1,823두로 10개월에 검정개시하여 22개월에 종료하였고, 군사식 우사에서 사양관리 하였다. 6-12개월과 12-18개월 일당증체량은 상반기 집단의 경우 1.01kg과 0.77kg이였고, 하반기 집단은 0.80kg과 0.95kg으로 하반기 집단에서 보상성장이 일어난 것으로 사료된다. 12개월 및 18개월 체중의 유전력은 상반기 집단의 경우 0.37 및 0.29이었고, 하반기 집단은 0.47 및 0.33이었으며, 6${\sim}$12개월 및 12${\sim}$18개월 일당증체량의 유전력은 상반기 집단에서 0.26 및 0.11이었고, 하반기 집단은 0.33 및 0.22으로 이들 형질의 유전력은 하반기에서 높았다. 상반기 집단의 12개월령 체고, 십자부고, 곤폭 및 흉위에 대한 유전력은 각각 0.30, 0.25, 0.11 및 0.13이었으며, 하반기의 경우 각각 0.53, 0.44, 0.36 및 0.56이었다. 상반기 집단의 18개월령 체고, 십자부고, 곤폭 및 흉위의 유전력은 각각 0.40, 0.22, 0.12 및 0.21이었고, 하반기의 경우 각각 0.45, 0.42, 0.42 및 0.35이었다. 상반기 집단의 냉도체중, 도체율, 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께 및 도체장에 대한 유전력은 각각 0.11, 0.24, 0.25, 0.18 및 0.21이었고, 하반기 집단의 경우 각각 0.32, 0.52, 0.33, 0.51 및 0.58이었으며, 근내지방도의 유전력은 0.31이었다. 상 하반기간 유전상관의 추정치는 12개월 흉위, 18개월 십자부고, 도체중 및 도체율의 경우 0.8 이상이었으나 다른 형질에서의 추정치는 이보다 낮았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.516-521
• /
• 2002

The objective of this study was to compare two varieties of Napier grass (Bana Napier grass vs French Cameroon Napier grass) and to determine whether feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain (ADG) and milk yield of lactating Friesian cows from fresh cut Bana Napier grass was greater than from French Cameroon Napier grass, using a completely randomized design. Results show that Bana Napier grass had similar percent dry matter (DM), ash and gross energy (GE) to French Cameroon. Bana grass had higher percent crude protein (CP) and lower fiber fractions, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and lignin compared to French Cameroon. Overall the forage quality was marginally higher in Bana Napier grass compared to French Cameroon. The DM and NDF intake expressed as a percentage of body weight (BW) were similar in both Napier grass types. Both grasses had similar digestible DM and energy. Bana had higher digestible CP but lower digestible ADF and NDF than French Cameroon. Bana Napier was not different from French Cameroon when fed as a sole diet to lactating cows in terms of low DM intake, milk yield and a loss of BW and condition. To improve the efficient utilization of both Napier grass varieties, a supplement capable of supplying 1085-1227 g CP/d and 17.0-18.0 Mcal ME/d is required for cows to support moderate gains 0.22 kg/d and 15 kg 4% fat corrected milk/d.