• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.1003-1009
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• 2023

Objective: The objective was to compare (pedigree-based) best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), genomic BLUP (GBLUP), and single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) methods for genomic evaluation of growth traits in a Mexican Braunvieh cattle population. Methods: Birth (BW), weaning (WW), and yearling weight (YW) data of a Mexican Braunvieh cattle population were analyzed with BLUP, GBLUP, and ssGBLUP methods. These methods are differentiated by the additive genetic relationship matrix included in the model and the animals under evaluation. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated using random partitions of the data in training and testing sets, consistently predicting about 20% of genotyped animals on all occasions. For each partition, the Pearson correlation coefficient between adjusted phenotypes for fixed effects and non-genetic random effects and the estimated breeding values (EBV) were computed. Results: The random contemporary group (CG) effect explained about 50%, 45%, and 35% of the phenotypic variance in BW, WW, and YW, respectively. For the three methods, the CG effect explained the highest proportion of the phenotypic variances (except for YW-GBLUP). The heritability estimate obtained with GBLUP was the lowest for BW, while the highest heritability was obtained with BLUP. For WW, the highest heritability estimate was obtained with BLUP, the estimates obtained with GBLUP and ssGBLUP were similar. For YW, the heritability estimates obtained with GBLUP and BLUP were similar, and the lowest heritability was obtained with ssGBLUP. Pearson correlation coefficients between adjusted phenotypes for non-genetic effects and EBVs were the highest for BLUP, followed by ssBLUP and GBLUP. Conclusion: The successful implementation of genetic evaluations that include genotyped and non-genotyped animals in our study indicate a promising method for use in genetic improvement programs of Braunvieh cattle. Our findings showed that simultaneous evaluation of genotyped and non-genotyped animals improved prediction accuracy for growth traits even with a limited number of genotyped animals.

• Composites Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2006

MWNT(multi-walled carbon nanotube)-filled plain-weave glass/epoxy composites were fabricated and electromagnetic characteristics of the composites were investigated. The observation of the microstructures of the composites revealed that MWNTs are mostly distributed in matrix rich region and the interface between glass fiber yarns in warp and fill direction. The permittivity of the composites, measured in X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) frequency range, increased with weight fraction of MWNTs and remained almost constant with frequency. The measured permittivity was used to investigate the reflection loss of radar absorbing structures (RAS) composed of MWNT-filled composites according to thickness and a RAS were constructed with 10 dB absorbing bandwidth 4.2 GHz and 3.3 mm in thickness.

• Composites Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 2006

[ $Cu-TiB_2$ ] metal matrix composites with various weight fractions of $TiB_2$ were fabricated by combination of manufacturing process, SPS (self-propagating high-temperature synthesis) and SPS (spark plasma sintering). The feasibility of $Cu-TiB_2$ composites for welding electrodes and sliding contact material was investigated through experiments on the tensile properties, hardness and wear resistance. To obtain desired properties of composites, composites are designed according to reinforcement's shape, size and volume fraction. Thus proper modeling is essential to predict the effective material properties. The elastic moduli of composites obtained by FEM and tensile test were compared with effective properties from the original Eshelby model, Eshelby model with Mori-Tanaka theory and rule-of-mixture. FEM result showed almost the same value as the experimental modulus and it was found that Eshelby model with Mori-Tanaka theory predicted effective modulus the best among the models.

• Composites Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 2023

This study explored the feasibility of replacing a metal link with a carbon fiber/epoxy composite link and assessed its capacity to withstand a given load condition using failure criteria. The micromechanics of failure (MMF) criterion was employed to predict the failure mode of the composite material, and mechanical tests were conducted to obtain reference strength parameters for MMF. The findings revealed that the stress distribution was concentrated near the hole, and weaknesses were found around the hole and at the end of the link under bending conditions. Based on the failure index, matrix tensile failure was predicted at the end of the link, and fiber compression failure occurred near the hole. The methods and results obtained from this study can provide valuable guidelines for assessing the safety of composite materials under specific load conditions when replacing metal parts with carbon fiber/epoxy composites to achieve weight reduction.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.313-323
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• 2022

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr-Ni steel and Cr-Ni steel-matrix nanocomposites reinforced with nano-ZrO₂ particles were investigated in this study. Cr-Ni steel and Cr-Ni/ZrO₂ nanocomposites were produced using a combination of high-energy ball milling, pressing, and sintering processes. The microstructures of the specimens were analyzed using EDX and XRD. Compression and hardness tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the specimens. Nano-ZrO₂ particles were effective in preventing chrome carbide precipitate at the grain boundaries. While t-ZrO₂ was detected in Cr-Ni/ZrO₂ nanocomposites, m-ZrO₂ could not be found. Few α'-martensite and deformation bands were formed in the microstructures of Cr-Ni/ZrO₂ nanocomposites. Although nano-ZrO₂ particles had a negligible impact on the strength improvement provided by deformation-induced plasticity mechanisms in Cr-Ni/ZrO₂ nanocomposites, the mechanical properties of Cr-Ni steel were significantly improved by using nano-ZrO₂ particles. The hardness and compressive strength of Cr-Ni/ZrO₂ nanocomposite were higher than those of Cr-Ni steel and enhanced as the weight fraction of nano-ZrO₂ particles increased. Cr-Ni/ZrO₂ nanocomposite with 5wt.% nano-ZrO₂ particles had almost twofold the hardness and compressive strength of Cr-Ni steel. The nano-ZrO₂ particles were considerably more effective on particle-strengthening mechanisms than deformation-induced strengthening mechanisms in Cr-Ni/ZrO₂ nanocomposites.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.498-509
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• 2021

The wake turbulence at the wingtip of preceding aircraft may affect the normal operation of following aircraft. Aircraft are classified into four categories according to their maximum take-off weight, and horizontal separation is applied with this category matrix. The FAA and EUROCONTROL revealed that the magnitude and effect of preceding aircraft wake turbulence were smaller than the current distance separation minima suggest. This new information presents the opportunity for revising wake turbulence minima into seven categories (RECAT). This paper confirms the feasibility of implementing RECAT at major airports in South Korea using the draft of ICAO Doc. 10122. The paper also calculates the ultimate runway capacity of Incheon International Airport in South Korea using the Harris Model and comparatively analyzes the amount of runway capacity. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the implementation of RECAT could increase the ultimate runway capacity of Incheon International Airport. This paper's calculation methods and results can be used as primary data for implementing RECAT in other airports.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.917-933
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: As peanuts germinate, the content of the components beneficial to health, such as resveratrol, increases within the peanut sprout. This study examined whether the ethanol extract of peanut sprout tea (PSTE) inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis. MATERIALS/METHODS: After orthotopically injecting 4T1 cells into BALB/c mice to induce breast cancer, 0, 30, or 60 mg/kg body weight/day of PSTE was administered orally. Angiogenesis-related protein expression in the tumors and the degree of metastasis were analyzed. 4T1 and RAW 264.7 cells were co-cultured, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the crosstalk between breast cancer cells and macrophages. RESULTS: PSTE reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis. In particular, PSTE decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, F4/80, CD11c, macrophage mannose receptor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression in the tumors. Moreover, PSTE prevented 4T1 cell migration, invasion, and macrophage activity in RAW 264.7 cells. PSTE inhibited the crosstalk between 4T1 cells and RAW 264.7 cells and promoted the macrophage M1 subtype while inhibiting the M2 subtype. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PSTE blocks breast cancer growth and metastasis to the lungs. This may be because the PSTE treatment inhibits the crosstalk between mammary cancer cells and macrophages and inhibits the differentiation of macrophages into the M2 subtype.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.157-176
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• 2024

Integrative analysis for better understanding of complex biological systems gains more attention. Observing subjects from various perspectives and conducting integrative analysis of those multiple datasets enables a deeper understanding of the subject. In this paper, we compared two methods that simultaneously consider two datasets gathered from the same objects, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and co-inertia analysis (CIA). Since CCA cannot handle the case when the data exhibit high-dimensionality, two strategies were considered instead: Utilization of a ridge constant (CCA-ridge) and substitution of covariance matrices of each data to identity matrix and then applying penalized singular value decomposition (CCA-PMD). To illustrate CIA and CCA, both extensions of CCA and CIA were applied to NCI60 cell line data. It is shown that both methods yield biologically meaningful and significant results by identifying important genes that enhance our comprehension of the data. Their results shows some dissimilarities arisen from the different criteria used to measure the relationship between two sets of data in each method. Additionally, CIA exhibits variations dependent on the weight matrices employed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.73-91
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• 2024

This paper has focused on presenting vibration analysis of trapezoidal sandwich plates with a damaged core and FG wavy CNT-reinforced face sheets. A damage model is introduced to provide an analytical description of an irreversible rheological process that causes the decay of the mechanical properties, in terms of engineering constants. An isotropic damage is considered for the core of the sandwich structure. The classical theory concerning the mechanical efficiency of a matrix embedding finite length fibers has been modified by introducing the tube-to-tube random contact, which explicitly accounts for the progressive reduction of the tubes' effective aspect ratio as the filler content increases. The First-order shear deformation theory of plate is utilized to establish governing partial differential equations and boundary conditions for the trapezoidal plate. The governing equations together with related boundary conditions are discretized using a mapping-generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method in spatial domain. Then natural frequencies of the trapezoidal sandwich plates are obtained using GDQ method. Validity of the current study is evaluated by comparing its numerical results with those available in the literature. After demonstrating the convergence and accuracy of the method, different parametric studies for laminated trapezoidal structure including carbon nanotubes waviness (0≤w≤1), CNT aspect ratio (0≤AR≤4000), face sheet to core thickness ratio (0.1 ≤ ${\frac{h_f}{h_c}}$ ≤ 0.5), trapezoidal side angles (30° ≤ α, β ≤ 90°) and damaged parameter (0 ≤ D < 1) are carried out. It is explicated that the damaged core and weight fraction, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) waviness and CNT aspect ratio can significantly affect the vibrational behavior of the sandwich structure. Results show that by increasing the values of waviness index (w), normalized natural frequency of the structure decreases, and the straight CNT (w=0) gives the highest frequency. For an overall comprehension on vibration of laminated trapezoidal plates, some selected vibration mode shapes were graphically represented in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.206-213
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• 2024

The present study concerns the inhibition of Calcium Nitrite Inhibitor(Ca(NO₂)₂) in mortar contaminated by chloride ions. Thus, the corrosion resistance and chloride transport were measured for the mortar containing calcium nitrite inhibitor. As a result, an increase in the dosage of calcium nitrite inhibitor resulted in an increase in the chloride threshold concentration for reinforcement corrosion, while the rate of chloride transport was accelerated. However, the calcium nitrite inhibitor could not guarantee the time to corrosion, due to the increased mobility of chlorides. To ensure the passivity of steel, the dosage of calcium nitrite inhibitor must exceed a certain dosage, ranging from 2.0~3.0 % by cement weight.