• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2000

The objectives of the study are to know the strain distribution and modal dynamic behaviour of steel bridge girders by actual traffic load. The live load effect depends on many parameters including the span length, gross vehicle weight, axle weight, axle configuration so on. For the estimation of static and dynamic characteristic, strain data caused by moving loads and traffic characteristics of passing vehicle under actual traffic load have measured using Bridge Weigh in Motion. To confirm the reliability of BWIM system, strain data measured using the $120{\Omega}$ strain gauge under the same condition. It is considered that the data acquired from BWIM system have reliability through the analysis and comparison between stress measured by strain data from BWIM and computed by FEM. Additionally according to the measured strain data of up-line and down-line on the highway, the up-line bridge grows more faster than the down-line bridge and girder 4 and 5 carry more load when vehicles pass the inner line and girder 2 and 3 does when vehicles pass the outer line as this case(the bridge composed with 5 girders).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to assess the weight control behavior, body shape satisfaction, and obesity stress depending on the degree of obesity in college students who applied for a weight control program. The average BMI of the participants was $21.4\;kg/m^2$ which was in the normal range, and 76.3% of the participants were of normal body weight. Ideal BMI in this participant was $18.1\;kg/m^2$, which is in the underweight range. In terms of body perception, participants generally overestimated their body weight. The overweight and normal weight groups were less satisfied with their body shape than was the underweight group. The overweight group also expressed fears of showing their bodies to others. Additionally, the overweight and normal groups exhibited higher obesity stress than the underweight group. 97.0% of participants were interested in weight control as a way to improve their appearance. They usually obtained their weight control information from the internet and mass media. More than 80% of participants had weight control experience, having undergone weight control attempts for duration of less than a month. However, after the discontinuation of weight control efforts, these participants regained the weight. As a consequence, they were generally unsatisfied with the outcomes of weight control programs. This study demonstrated that the college women who had applied for the weight control program were unsatisfied with their body shape owing to distorted notions of the ideal body shape, and these women had generally undertaken frequent efforts to control their body weights. These results underline the importance of educating college-aged women on proper body perception and the maintenance of healthy body weight and shape.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1263-1269
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• 1998

The maintenance of adequate folate levels in the umbilical cord blood is esential for supplying tissue requirements of fetal growth. However, there is data on folate levels in the cord blood of Korean infant. The present investigation was undertaken to determine folate levels in cord blood and aassess relationships between folate levels and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary and supplementary folate intake was obtained from thirty subjects who were in the third trimester fo pregancy . The umbilical cord blood was drawn at delivery and pregnancy outcomes for the subjects were collected from their medical records. Erythrocyte and plasma folate levels in the cord blood were analyzed. The subjects were divided into two groups ; high folate (HF, $\geq$654ng/ml) and low folate (LF, <654ng/ml) groups according to erythrocyte folate levels in cord blood. Dietary folate intake and the amount of supplemental folates were not significantly different between the two experimental groups. However, infant birth weight (3540$\pm$295g) and placental weight(910$\pm$85g) for the HF group were significantly higher(p=0.0041 and p=0.109, respectively) than those for the LF group, which were 3127 $\pm$419g and 823$\pm$80g , respectively. Although it was not significant, the gestational weight gain for the HF group was 2.8kg higher than that for the LF group. Thus, the erythrocyte folate level in the cord blood was significantly related to infant birth weight and placental weight. These results confirm that a high erythrocyte folate level in the umbilical cord blood promotes both fetal and placental growth and improves gestational weight gain as well.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2009

In order to investigate how to maintain normal weight under independent living conditions, twenty female university students were enrolled and asked to complete a questionnaire over a 10- day study period. T-test, Spearman's correlation and multiple regression analysis were applied to describe characteristics of weight maintainers' habits on a daily basis. The results were as follows: They always comsumed small or moderate-sized meals. $2{\sim}3$ co-eaters usually had dinner together at home while not watching TV. They also showed healthy eating behaviors such as no snacking, very little amounts of soft drinks, coffee and alcohol consumption. The always normal weight maintainers, however, were not physically active at all. When being with co-eater(s), they ate larger-sized dinners (${\beta}$ = 0.585, $R^2$= 30.6), and the more co-eaters they had at the dinner table, the greater BMI they got (${\beta}$ = 0.547, $R^2$= 29.9). As a result of this study, encouraging young adult people to exercise on a regular basis is required, even though they seem to succeed in maintaining normal weight without being active physically. Further study is necessary to investigate how co-eaters would influence the amount of food eaten.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2009

An objective of this study is to give practical information that could be used for calculating pollutant emission factors and fuel economy from Korean Inspection & Maintenance program, which has been using steady state acceleration simulation mode. Concentration results from I/M test is adequately converted to mass emission factors and fuel efficiency data, which have unit of g/km and km/L, respectively. Exhaust volume flow(EVF), which is for converting emission result from concentration to mass, is measured by tracer method in various vehicle speed - power condition. It is found that there is an apparent second order relationship between EVF and vehicle inertia weight. EVF is expressed in function of vehicle inertia weight in order to estimate EVF in I/M site without measuring device. Converted mass emission results from measured EVF and raw emission analyzer show a satisfactory agreement with those from conventional CVS-bag type measurement system. Mass emission factors and fuel efficiency from measured EVF and estimated EVF also show good agreement to each other. Considering that an I/M program has great advantages to recruit-based emission test in terms of the number of test vehicle, the information in this study can be used for developing an alternative procedure to collect more various data to establish national database of mobile emission factors and fuel economy, even though the driving cycle in I/M program is steady state cycle rather than transient cycle.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2009

Daba ecorace of Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), the semi domesticated Indian tropical tasar silkworm being reared outdoor; the egg and silk yields are dependent of genotype environment interaction. The insufficient maintenance and multiplication of its P4 seed stock need a coherent as well as scientific strategy to safeguard breed potential, being commercially applied ecorace. The sort-out lines of P4 stock studied over five generations highlighting on commercial trait up gradation suits for a tropical crop season, revealed enhanced performance. The line with high pupal parents (T2) shown improved fecundity (12.9%) and the line with high shell parents (T3) recorded higher shell weight (40.0%) and silk ratio (24.1%). While, the line of high pupal female and high shell male (T4) reveal enhancement in fecundity (9.0%), egg hatching (14.1%), shell weight (50.0%), silk ratio (35.2%) and absolute silk yield (52.0%) indicating the need and role of varied basic seed stock lines. The approach could improve economically vital egg fecundity and cocoon shell weights besides balancing them in same line for commercial operation. The progressive show of lines (T1 to T4) along successive generations (G1 to G5), in spite of passing through seed crop (Jul-Aug) and commercial crop (Sep-Nov) seasons emphasize their compatibility. The study infers that the strategic plan of combining preferred parental phenotypes, methodical selection for desired commercial trait(s) through generations with best possible genotype environment interaction has enriched P4 stock with elevation in needy trait(s) besides assuring choice of suitable lines for seasons and regions and timely replenishment of basic seed of Daba ecorace.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.59-75
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the stages of change distributions for nine major health behaviors among poor children in underserved area, and to provide basic information for developing specific objectives and strategies for health education program. Methods: The health behavior data were obtained with a self-administered questionnaire and analysed for 3,081 poor children in 106 local children's centers nationwide. Stages of change classification were based on self-reported responses to five statements. The health behaviors included were balanced diet, safety behavior (helmet and protective device use while riding), regular exercise, smoking, alcohol use, drug use, sleep pattern, weight management and stress management. Results: Poor children were more likely in precontemplation and less frequently in action and maintenance stages for a safety behavior. 33.1% of respondents were precontemplators, 29.9% contemplators, and 6.5% in preparation stage. Only 4.3% and 9.6% were in action and maintenance stages, respectively. Gender differences were apparent. Boys were more likely to be precontemplators for nine health behaviors. Children from the lowest socioeconomic status and disrupted family were more likely to be in precontemplation for weight management and exercise behaviors. Children living with both parents were more likely to be in the action and maintenance stages for nine health behaviors. Stages of change for balanced diet and smoking were significantly related with those for other eight health behaviors. And the stage of exercise adoption was found to be significantly related with those for other seven health behaviors. Conclusion: Safety education must receive high priority in health education program for low income children. Balanced diet smoking cessation and regular exercise could be a possible gateway behavior toward healthier lifestyle practices.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.223-232
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• 1988

Fifty-two wether lambs weighing 30 kg were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups; 1) initial slaughter. 2) control-maintenance (CON-MT), 3) control-ad libitum (CON-AL), 4) cimaterol-maintenance (CIM-MT) and 5) cimaterol-ad libitum (CIM-AL). Ad libitum-fed animals had free access of a high-concentrate diet, whereas maintenance animals were restricted in feed intake to maintain the initial weight of 30 kg for 90 days. Cimaterol was administered in the feed at 10 mg/kg. Regardless of feeding level, the administration of CIM improved carcass weight (p < .05), dressing % (p < .01), longissimus muscle area (p < .01), leg conformation and muscling (p < .01), USDA yield and quality grades (p < .01) and protein concentration (p < .01) in carcass as well as in muscle. Cimaterol feeding decreased organ wt (p < .01), baekfat depth (p < .01), intramuscular fat and overall fatness. Cimaterol was effective for muscle accretion even under restricted feeding condition. The greater accretion of muscle was the result of the hypertrophy of both type I and type II muscle fibers but the hypertrophy of type II fiber (110%) was much greater than that of type I fiber (37%). Cimaterol feeding decreased muscle DNA concentrations but the number of nuclei per muscle fiber was not changed, indicating that the lower DNA concentration was due to the dilution effect caused by the hypertrophy of muscle fiber. As evidenced by lower flank streaking, lower marbling and darker muscle, CIM feeding adversely affected meat quality. Meat tenderness was also adversely affected, resulting in significantly (p H .01) tougher meat in CIM-fed animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1756-1760
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• 2016

Estimation of feed intake (FI) for individual animals within a pen is needed in situations where more than one animal share a feeder during feeding trials. A partitioning method (PM) was previously published as a model to estimate the individual FI (IFI). Briefly, the IFI of a pig within the pen was calculated by partitioning IFI into IFI for maintenance ($IFI_m$) and IFI for growth. In the PM, $IFI_m$ is determined based on the metabolic body weight (BW), which is calculated using the coefficient of 106 and exponent of 0.75. Two simulation studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that the use of different coefficients and exponents for metabolic BW to calculate $IFI_m$ improves the accuracy of the estimates of IFI for pigs, and that PM is applied to pigs fed in group-housing systems. The accuracy of prediction represented by difference between actual and estimated IFI was compared using PM, ratio (RM), or averaging method (AM). In simulation studies 1 and 2, the PM estimated IFI better than the AM and RM during most of the periods (p<0.05). The use of 0.60 as the exponent and the coefficient of 197 to calculate metabolic BW did not improve the accuracy of the IFI estimates in both simulation studies 1 and 2. The results imply that the use of $197kcal{\times}kg\;BW^{0.60}$ as metabolizable energy for maintenance in PM does not improve the accuracy of IFI estimations compared with the use of $106kcal{\times}kg\;BW^{0.75}$ and that the PM estimates the IFI of pigs with greater accuracy compared with the averaging or ratio methods in group-housing systems.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.498-505
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• 2016

간선철도 고속화에 대비하여 유지보수를 고려한 최적 자갈도상 궤도구조 정립을 위한 기초연구로 국내 자갈도상 궤도 구성품들을 조합한 실대형 시험을 실시하여 궤도 침하 특성을 분석하였다. 실대형 시험 결과 유지보수 저감을 위해서는 패드만을 고탄성화 하였을 경우의 효과는 미비하였으며, 패드의 고탄성화와 더불어 침목 중량화 또는 침목 중량화 및 도상두께를 증가 하였을 경우에 그 효과가 크게 나타났다. 간선철도 고속화에 따른 최적의 자갈도상 궤도구조는 초기 건설비와 본 논문에서 제시한 궤도 침하 특성에 따른 유지보수비를 고려한 경제성 분석을 통해 최종 정립되어야 할 것이다.