• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out what changes in weight bearing in the both upper extremities occurred in response to Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex by rotation of head in the quadruped position. The subjects for the study were 80 children (44 male, 44 female) who were neurologically normal. They were divided into two groups $6\~7$ year olds and $8\~9$ year olds. Paired t-test was applied as a atatistical method at the 0.01 level of significance. The results of this study are as follows; 1. In the neutral position of head, there was mort weight bearing on the left hand than the right in both of the two groups(p<0.01). 2. When the head was rotated to the right or left passively, there was more weight bearing on the hand of side to which the face was rotated(p<0.01). 3. When the head was rotated to the right or left actively, there us also more weight bearing on the hand of side to which the face was rotated(p<0.01). Therefore, it is possible to un Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex to increase body weight for muscle strengthening in children with weakened muscles of the upper extremities. further studies are required for confirmation of these findings.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2022

Background: This study investigated the effect of robot-assisted arm training on muscle activity of arm and weight bearing in stroke patients. Methods: The study subjects were selected 20 stroke patients who met the selection criteria. 10 people in the robot-assisted arm training group and 10 people in the task-oriented arm training group were randomly assigned. The experimental group performed robot-assisted arm training, and the control group performed task-oriented arm training for 6 weeks, 5 days a week, 30 minutes a day. The measurement tools included surface electromyography and smart insole system. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and the paired sample t-test. Results: Comparing the muscle activity of arm within the group, the experimental group and the control group showed significant differences in muscle activity in the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius. Comparing the muscle activity of arms between the groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in all muscle activity of arm compared to the control group. Comparing the weight bearing within the groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in the affected side and non-affected side weight bearings and there were significant differences in anterior and posterior weight bearing. The control group showed significant difference only in the non-affected side weight bearing. Comparing the weight bearings between groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in the affected side and non-affected side weight bearings compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study confirmed that robot-assisted arm training applied to stroke patients for 6 weeks significantly improved muscle activity of arm and weight bearing. Based on these results, it is considered that robot-assisted arm training can be a useful treatment in clinical practice to improve the kinematic variables in chronic stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.136-139
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study will demonstrate that relationship between scoliosis and gait factor and foot weight bearing in ambulation. Methods: Subjects were 40 elementary students. A normal control group consisted of a total of 20 children without any known musculoskeletal disorders and an AIS group of 20 children with mild AIS (defined by a Cobb angle between 10 and $25^{\circ}$) were recruited. Measurements were scoliometer screening test, Cobb angle, gait parameter (rate of swing/stance phase, gait velosity), foot weight bearing (entire, fore, hind). Results: Scoliometer screening test (P = 0.000) and X-ray Cobb angle (P = 0.000) significant difference of group which was significantly higher in the AIS group. Gait parameter not showed significant difference. Forefoot weight bearing was significantly higher in the AIS group than more normal group. Conclusion: It seems that the results of weight bearing analysis in ambulation may be used in modifying rehabilitation programs for individual needs of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.320-324
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide methods for assessment of functional balance through study of correlation with the weight bearing ratio, functional balance, and functional gait on patients with stroke. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with stroke participated in this study. The timed up and go test was used to measure balance and the functional ambulation category test to measure functional gait. Weight bearing was measured in the quiet standing posture and weight bearing in the quiet standing posture immediately after performing the standing-task. Results: Both timed up and go test and functional ambulation category test showed significant correlation with balance in the quiet standing posture immediately after performing the standing task. Conclusion: Measurement of balance in the quiet standing posture immediately after performing the standing-task was considered a meaningful scale for measurement of both balance function and gait function of patients with stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.116-127
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shoe lift of the affected limb in subjects with hemiplegia. The subjects of this study were 18 post-stroke hemiplegics. For the study, insole of the paretic side was lifted 10 mm higher, and static weight bearing was measured before and after the lift application. For the measurement of carry-over effect of lift, we got data of those three items prior to and 3 weeks after lift application and 3 days after removal of the lift. Static weight bearing was significantly increased both just after and continuous application of lift for 3 weeks than before. According to this study, lift applied to the shoe of the paretic limb was effective in inducing static weight bearing in the paretic limb. This study suggests that symmetry, induced by shoe lift applied to the paretic limb, could help correct abnormal posture that would be caused in standing and prevent development of abnormal muscle tone in subjects with hemiplegia caused by unilateral stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2007

Purpose : This article was a quasi-experimental study that applies to external -feedback weight-bearing training among hemiplegic patients with a stoke. Methods : It examined whether position sense and balance can improve fall efficacy and prevent a fall. The subject of study was divided in two; Experimental group had 18 people and control group had 16 people. It took 8 weeks to finish training. Experimental group provides external-feedback weight-bearing training for ten minutes after neurological treatment for 20 minutes and control group provides nerves treatment for 30 minutes. To find the effect of a fall assessed position sense, balance and fall efficacy of the lower limbs before the fact, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Results : According to the conclusions, external-feedback weight-bearing training to prevent a fall was more effective intervention in experimental group than in control group. Conclusion : This study suggests that external-feedback weight-bearing training is a intervention to prevent the fall of hemiplegic patients with a stroke effectively.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.691-696
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• 1998

Objectives : Asymmetrical weight bearing during standing has been identified as a common problem in persons with hemiplegia. This study examined the effect of auditory and visual feedback on symmetric weight bearing with hemiplegia. Method: The intervention program was instituted for 10 min each day with a total of twelve treatment sessions. The machine which was used for this study is the Weight Balancer, OG GIKEN, WB-202, Japan Result: There was a significant improvement of symmetric weight distribution in auditory feedback group whereas the visual feedback group disclosed some improvement but not significantly. There was no significant change in control group. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that an auditary feedback group can be more effective than visual feedback group or control group in helping the persons with hemiplegia achieve symmetric stance.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2005

This study investigated associations between exercise habit and bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in postmenopausal women. The BMD and BMC of the spinal skeleton was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Exercise and energy expenditure of physical activity were estimated by questionnaire. For exercise activities, subjects were asked to identify all exercises they have participated in. The subjects were further asked to estimate the number of years of participation, the number of weeks per year, the number of times per week, and the number of hours per time. Subjects were then categorized into exercise (more than 3 times/wk, more than 30min per session exercise (n = 47) and nonexercise group (n = 72). Results indicated that there were no significant differences in BMD and BMC when comparisons were made between subjects in exercise habit, a general exercise group and a nonexercise control group. However, when exercise subjects were divided into weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing groups, significant differences were found. These results suggest that weight-bearing exercise positively influences bone mineral density and bone mineral content in postmenopausal women. Sedentary women should be encouraged to adopt a weight-bearing exercise to maintain the health of their skeletons. Exercise interventions are practical and feasible for healthy women and should be encouraged at the earliest possible age. Our findings lend support to recommendations for physical activity and weight-bearing exercise as a means of osteoporosis prevention.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2012

In this study, we developed a wireless rehabilitation auditory feedback gait training system for symmetrical weight-bearing in patient with CVA. The device consists of an instantaneous shoe equipped with two load-cell sensors. Auditory feedback can be applied according to the weight-bearing. For gait patterns analysis, cadence, walking velocity, stance/swing phase ratio and gait cycle were examined. The clinical test with six healthy volunteers and two hemiplegic patients was performed applying the auditory feedback system. Both normal subjects and hemiplegic patients were increased strength on weight-bearing in affected limb, walking velocity, and cadence after biofeedback device. Also, the stance time with weight-bearing was increased while the swing time was decreased in gait phase. It can be expected that by using the feedback system, the patient with lower limb disorder will be able to reach a better quality of weight-bearing during gait.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to analyze the results of radiologic parameters between weight bearing affected single ankle anteroposterior (AP) view and both ankle AP view in ankle osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and Methods: Between January 2009 and August 2010, 41 patients (50 ankles) who visited our institution to treat ankle OA were reviewed retrospectively. In radiographic assessment, weight bearing affected single ankle AP view and both ankle AP view were checked, and measured tibial anterior surface angle (TAS), tibial medial malleolar angle (TMM), talar tilting angle (TT), maximum and minimun joint space width (JSW) of ankle, width between articular surface of medial malleolar and medial articular surface of talus as radiologic parameters. Results: On weight bearing both ankle AP view, TAS was $85.4{\pm}4.1^{\circ}$, TMM was $33.1{\pm}9^{\circ}$, TT was $5.4{\pm}6.1^{\circ}$, maximum JSW was $3.2{\pm}2.7$ mm, minimum JSW was $1.1{\pm}1.3$ mm, width between articular surface of medial malleolar and medial articular surface of talus was $1.8{\pm}1.8$ mm and on weight bearing affected ankle AP view, TAS was $85.3{\pm}3.9^{\circ}$, TMM was $34.3{\pm}10.9^{\circ}$, TT was $5.4{\pm}6.5^{\circ}$, maximum JSW was $3.2{\pm}2.7$ mm, minimum JSW was $1.1{\pm}1.3$ mm, width between articular surface of medial malleolar and medial articular surface of talus was $1.6{\pm}1.7$ mm. Conclusion: There is no statistical significance in radiologic parameters between weight-bearing affected single ankle AP view and both ankle AP view in ankle OA.