• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.98-101
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• 2003

The Electrical Resistance Probe of carbon steel and weight loss coupons were exposed in atmosphere and in the lake water of Hanoi. The comparison of data received by two methods after one year exposure was presented. The correspondence of the data of these methods on the exposure time in both environments showed a capacity of using Electrical Resistance Probe in Vietnamese natural corrosion testing of Carbon steel.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2001

The purpose of study was to test the hypothesis that three are differences in body size dietary behavior and nutrient intakes of adolescent girls with weight control experience. Cross-sectional survey was carried out with a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements . Subjects were 724 healthy adolescent girls from middle and high schools of urban and rural areas in Inchon and divided into two subgroups with weight control experience. Subjects trying to lose weigh were 25.1% in middle school girls and 47.1% in high school girls. There were significant differences in weight and BMI between weight control experience and non- experienced groups in middle school students. There were significant differences in skipping meals and reason of skipping meals between weigh control experience and non-experience groups which might show that skipping meal was used as a weight loss method among female school students. There was no significant difference in nutrient intakes between weight control experienced and non-experienced groups in middle and high school subjects. these results suggest that nutrition education is necessary for adolescent girls to practice appropriate weigh control strategies including desirable eating habits and adequate intake of nutrients such as energy vitamin A vitamin B$_2$calcium and iron.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.238-243
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• 2011

This study compared Kd, loss factor and thickness of floor impact isolator by loading/unloading heat treatment with results by continuous loading treatment and checked problem and improvement method of heat treatment condition for the long-term stability evaluation of the floor impact isolation. As the results, it is required the change of heat treatment condition unloading now to loading as actual weigh on the floor impact isolator.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.45.2-45.2
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• 2009

A coronary graft fabricated from PLGA poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan electros puns deposited on poly caprolactone (PCL) electro spun tube. Mechanical properties of tube were evaluated through extruder machine depending on thickness of vessel wall. Biocompatible properties were evaluated by SEM morphology, amount of cell counting and MTT assay method for depending on culture days (1, 3, 5 days). MTT assay, counting cell and SEM morphology showed that cells were fast growth and immigration after 5 days. Biodegradability was monitored through loss weigh method for incubator days.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.169-169
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• 2023

Most distributed water is not used effectively due to water loss occurring in pipe networks. These water losses are caused by leakage, typically due to high water pressure to ensure adequate water supply. High water pressure can cause the pipe to burst or develop leaks over time, particularly in an aging network. In order to reduce the amount of leakage and ensure proper water distribution, it is important to apply pressure management. Pressure management aims to maintain a steady and uniform pressure level throughout the network, which can be achieved through various operational schemes. The schemes include: (1) installing a variable speed pump (VSP), (2) introducing district metered area (DMA), and (3) operating pressure-reducing valves (PRV). Applying these approaches requires consideration of various hydraulic, economic, and environmental aspects. Due to the different functions of these approaches and related components, an all-together optimization of these schemes is a complicated task. In order to reduce the optimization complexity, this study recommends a sequential optimization method. With three network operation schemes considered (i.e., VSP, DMA, and PRV), the method explores all the possible combinations of pressure management paths. Through sequential optimization, the best pressure management path can be determined using a multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to weigh in factors of cost savings, investment, pressure uniformity, and CO₂ emissions. Additionally, the contribution of each scheme to pressure management was also described in the application results.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2009

When a steel sheet pipe applied to marine environment, an anti-corrosive coating should be treated to obtain long-term life-time for steels, especially, splash zone. Although anti-corrosive property of coatings is required to be tested in real marine environment, it is difficult because of long test time such as 20 years or more time. Therefore, we used cyclic corrosion tester in a laboratory, which has similar conditions with salt-dry-wet process such as real marine environment. Anti-corrosive properties of the coatings and two steels were tested their anti-corrosive properties under cyclic corrosion test conditions(KS D ISO 14993) and the results were compared with estimate life-time in real marine environment. According to cyclic corrosion test, accelerated corrosive factor of each anti-corrosive coating was investigated accelerated corrosive factor from impedance with EIS method. Accelerated corrosive factor of type SS400 carbon steel and A690 was also investigated their accelerated corrosive factor from the regression curves of weigh loss results. One of the anti-corrosive coatings showed about 50 years life-time compared with standard sample life-time. Carbon steel SS400 showed from 0.1 mm/yr to 0.06 mm/yr as its corrosion rate.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 1984

방사선(放射線) 조사(照射)와 자연저온(自然低溫)에 의한 마늘의 상업적(商業的) 저장법(貯藏法) 개발(開發)을 목표(目標)로 수확후(收穫後) 1개월(個月)된 시료(試料)에 $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}-$선(線)을 50, 100 및 150Gy 조사(照射)시킨 뒤 자연저온(自然低溫) 저장고(貯藏庫) $(12{\pm}6^{\circ}C,\;75{\sim}85%RH)$에 10개월(個月) 동안 저장(貯藏)하면서 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性)을 검토(檢討)하였다. 비조사구(非照射區)는 저장(貯藏) 8개월(個月) 후(後)에 대부분 발아(發芽)되었으나 조사구(照射구區)는 저장(貯藏) 10개월(個月) 까지도 전혀 외부 발아(發芽)되지 않았다. 저장(貯藏) 10개월(個月) 후(後) 부패율(腐敗率)은 비조사구(非照射區)가 83.56%, 조사구(照射區)가 약(約) 29%로 ${\gamma}-$선(線) 조사(照射)로서 54%의 부패율(腐敗率)을 감소(減少)시킬 수 있었고, 중량변화(重量變化)에 있어서도 ${\gamma}-$선(線) 조사(照射)에 의하여 약(約) 25%의 감량(減量)을 막을 수 있었다. 저장중(貯藏中) 수분함량(水分含量)은 큰 변화(變化)가 없었으나 발아(發芽)와 더불어 다소 감소(減少)되었고, 전당(全糖)과 환원당(還元糖)은 저장기간(貯藏期間)의 경과로 각각 증감현상(增減現象)이 나타났으며, 특(特)히 발아(發芽)가 왕성(旺盛)한 이듬해 3월(月)부터는 그 변화(變化)가 두드러졌다. 또한 ascorbic acid 함량(含量)은 기간(期間)의 경과로 점차 감소(減少)하다가 발아(發芽)와 더불어 증가(增加)되었다. 따라서 수확후(收穫後) 마늘에 100Gy 정도의 ${\gamma}$-선(線)을 조사(照射)하여 $10^{\circ}C$ 내외(內外)의 자연저온(自然低溫) 저장고(貯藏庫)에 저장(貯藏)함으로써 그 품질(品質)을 비교적(比較的) 우수(優秀)하게 10개월(個月) 이상(以上) 보존(保存)할 수 있었다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2017

목 적: 세기조절방사선치료(Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy; IMRT)에서 영상유도 시스템은 치료의 정확성 확보에 유리하다. 특히 골반치료의 경우 장기들의 위치와 모양이 환자상태 및 외부적 환경에 따라 변형이 발생하여 치료 전 확인이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 직장암 치료 시 골반 내 변화요인을 분석하였고, 자세의 재조정 방법을 고안해 적용하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 시행한 직장암 환자 40명을 대상으로 하였고, 환자들의 치료 전 영상 530건을 분석하였다. 평가 항목으로 골격구조, 방광, 직장 내 가스, 소장, 연부조직, 체중감소 여부를 매우 좋음, 좋음, 나쁨 3단계로 구분하였고 각각의 건수와 비율을 산출하였다. 나쁨의 경우가 1개 이상 시 각각의 방법으로 해당 항목에 대해 재조정을 시행하였으며 그 비율을 구하였다. 결 과: 각각의 평가조건에서 치료하기에 매우 좋은 경우는 19.2 %였다. 치료에 적절한 경우는 54.9 %, 치료에 부적절한 경우는 25.8 %였으며, 치료에 부적절한 경우에는 재조정을 시행하여 치료 진행을 하였다. 결 론: 골반 내 장기의 변화는 같은 환자일지라도 치료 시 마다 다른 결과를 나타냈다. 평가 지표에 따라 진행이 부적절한 경우는 25.8 %였으며 재조정을 통하여 환자 자세 재현성을 확보 후 치료가 가능하였다. 따라서 정밀하게 계획되는 IMRT의 직장암 치료 시에는 영상유도시스템을 이용하여 정확한 치료가 필요하다 사료된다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2010

Co-application of organic coating and cathodic protection has not provided enough durability to low-alloyed steels inseawater ballast tank (SBT) environments. An attempt has made to study the effect of alloy elements (Al, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Si, W) on general and localized corrosion resistance of steels as basic research to develop new low-allowed steels resistive to corrosion in SBT environments. For this study, we measured the corrosion rate by the weigh loss method after periodic immersion in synthetic seawater at $60^{\circ}C$, evaluated the localized corrosion resistance by an immersion test in concentrated chloride solution with the critical pH depending on the alloy element (Fe, Cr, Al, Ni), determined the permeability of chloride ion across the rust layer by measuring the membrane potential, and finally, we analyzed the rust layer by EPMA mapping and compared the result with the E-pH diagram calculated in the study. The immersion test of up to 55 days in the synthetic seawater showed that chromium, aluminium, and nickel are beneficial but the other elements are detrimental to corrosion resistance. Among the beneficial elements, chromium and aluminium effectively decreased the corrosion rate of the steels during the initial immersion, while nickel effectively decreased the corrosion rate in a longer than 30-day immersion. The low corrosion rate of Cr- or Al-alloyed steel in the initial period was due to the formation of $Cr_2FeO_4$ or $Al_2FeO_4$, respectively -the predicted oxide in the E-pH diagram- which is known as a more protective oxide than $Fe_3O_4$. The increased corrosion rate of Cr-alloyed steels with alonger than 30-day exposure was due to low localized corrosion resistance, which is explained bythe effect of the alloying element on a critical pH. In the meantime, the low corrosion rate of Ni-alloyed steel with a longer than 30-day exposure wasdue to an Ni enriched layer containing $Fe_2NiO_4$, the predicted oxide in the E-pH diagram. Finally, the measurement of the membrane potential depending on the alloying element showed that a lower permeability of chloride ion does not always result in higher corrosion resistance in seawater.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 1997

목적 : 국소적으로 진행된 위암치료는 수술이 주 치료로 5년 생존율은 그리높지 않아 좀더 완치율을 높이기 위하여 화학요법이나 화학요법과 병용하여 방사선치료 등이 시행되고 있다 저자들은 위암환자에서 수술후 방사선치료를 받은 환자의 치료성적을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 방법 : 1985년 3월부터 1993년 6월까지 한양대학병원 치료방사선과에서 위절제수술후 방사선 치료를 3500cGy 이상 받고 병기 3및 4기인 68명을 대상으로 후향적인 분석을 하였다. 연령분포는 28세부터 66세였고 중앙연령은 50세였다. 추적기간은 3개월에서 133개월(3명이 36개월 미만)로 중앙값은 50개월이었다. 조직병리상 37명이 non signet ring adenocarclnoma였고 29명이 signet ring cell이었다. 병기로 IIIA가 19명, IIIB가 25명, IV가 24명이었다. 항암화학요법은 65명의 환자에게 투여되었으며 FAM계통의 치료가 28예 cispiatln, 5FU계통이 26예이었다. 결과 : 5년생존율은 36.6% 5년무병생존율은 33.6%였다. 예후인자로 병소침입 임파선개수, 조직세포 종류 등이 생존율에 통계적으로 유의하게 영향을 주었고 잔존세포의 유무, 병기, 나이, 세포분화도 및, 방사선치료 총 기간 등도 생존율에 영향을 주었으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었고 항암화학제의 종류에따른 생존율의 차이는 없었다. 37명환자에서 재발이 있었고 위치로는 장망(omentum) 및 복막에 23.5%로 가장 재발율이 놀았으며 남은 위나 봉합부위에 13.2%의 재발율을 보였다. 전체 국소재발은 20.7% 전체 원격전이는 39.7%였다. 방사선치료로 인한 부작용은 22.1%에서 grade 3의 백혈구감소가 있었고 1.5%에서 grade 4 부작용이 있었다. 치료중 10% 이상의 체중감소는 8.8%였다. 결론 : 본 연구결과 수술후 화학요법과 방사선치료요법은 큰 부작용이 없었으며 실패양상은 주로 장망 및 복막이었고 치료부위내 국소재발율이 다음으로 많았다. 국소재발은 원격전이에 비해 많이 낮아지는 추세를 보였다 방사선역할에 평가를 조금 더 명확하게 규명하기위해 향후 재발 위험이 큰 환자에서 수술후 화학요법만 한 군과 화학요법 및 방사선치료를 병용한 군과의 재발 양상 및 생존율 등의 전향적 비교 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며 더 나아가 수술후 항암화학요법 및 방사선 병용요법에 복강내 약물치료도 고려되어야 하겠다.