• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.520-523
• /
• 2007

Edible films of gelatin and com zein were prepared by incorporating nisin to the film-forming solutions. Com zein film with nisin of 12,000 IU/ml had an increase of 11.6 MPa in tensile strength compared with the control, whereas gelatin film had a slight increase with the increase of nisin concentration added. Water vapor permeability for both com zein and gelatin films decreased with the increase of nisin concentration, thus providing a better barrier against water. Antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes increased with the increase of nisin concentration, resulting in 1.4 log cycle reduction for com zein film and 0.6 log cycle reduction for gelatin film at 12,000 IU/ml. These results suggest that incorporation of nisin into com zein and gelatin films improve the physical properties of the films as well as antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria during storage, resulting in extension of the shelf life of food products by providing with antimicrobial edible packaging films.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.631-634
• /
• 2006

Soy protein isolate (SPI) films were supplemented with cinnamaldehyde (CA) at concentrations of 0.1-0.5 mL/5 g SPI. The effects of CA on film color, tensile strength (TS), percent elongation at break (E, %) and water vapor permeability (WVP) of SPI films were investigated. Generally, total color difference (${\Delta}E$), WVP, and TS of SPI films increased gradually, while E and TSM decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the amount of cinnamaldehyde in the SPI films increased. Cinnamaldehyde can be used as a potential cross-linking agent for preparing SPI films by improving mechanical strength and water resistant properties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2023

This study reports on the preparation of sodium caseinate-cardanol (CasNa/CL)-based papers coated with different amounts of bentonite (BN) for use as a sustainable packaging material. Their chemical and morphological structures, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, surface properties, and antioxidant activity of coated papers was assessed as a function of the BN content. The drying of the CasNa/CL coated papers led to the formation of pinholes on their surfaces owing to the presence of trapped water resulting from the difference in the drying rate between the external surface and the inside of the coated layers. Increasing the BN content reduced the pinholes on surface of CasNa/CL/BN coated papers and highly decreased the water vapor transmittance rate of the papers from 387.3±1.9 g/m²·day to 269.25±4.5 g/m²·day. Free radical scavenging assays indicated the addition of CL to the CasNa exhibited the antioxidant activity and antioxidant activity of CasNa/CL/BN did not changed as increase of BN contents. The improved water vapor barrier property and antioxidant activity of CasNa/CL/BN coated papers can be promised for various packaging applications.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.122-126
• /
• 1992

The shelf-life of wrapped chewing gum(7 sticks) under the climate condition of Seoul was predicted by using moisture gain equation to reach safe moisture limits of 3.16% (dry basis). The overall water vapor permeability of multilayer packaging material was about 0.00045g water/pack day mmHg. The water activity of chewing gum at any temperature was predictable using Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The most significant loss of shelf-life was occurred between June and July, and most products reached the end of shelf-life at July and August. The product which were made in October and November had the longest shelf-life as seven months.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.12 no.1 s.26
• /
• pp.81-91
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physiolosical responses and subjective wear sensation to the clothes with different cellulose composition. The experimental garments were four types of cellulosic fabrics, respectively composed of $100\%$-cotton, $100\%$-Rayon, cotton/Flax 85/15, and rayon/Flax 85/15 (weft blended), were sewn in blouses with half-length sleeves. Four healthy women were chosen for this experiment. The condition of the experimental room were in two environments: Temp., $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, R.H. $60{\pm}3\%$ and Temp., $30{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, R.H. $70{\pm}3\%$, and air velocity was maintained at 0.25 m/sec. The results are as follows. 1) At $25^{\circ}C$, rayon blouse showed the pleasantest feeling because of its excellent humidity sensation and tactile sensation. At $30^{\circ}C$, rayon and flax blended blouse showed most comportable sensation. In both environments, blouse of $100\%$ cotton showed the least pleasant because of high vapor pressure inside the blouse and bad tactile sensation. 2) Vapor pressure inside the blouse and tactile sensation play the most impotant role in comfort. Consequantly the blouse made of $100\%$-cotton which bring low air permeability, moisture regain and water vapor permearbility showed more unpleastness than rayon blouse because it raises temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure inside the blouse under the hot circumstances In the conditions with much sweat, rayon and flax blended blouse with high stiffness increases comfort better than $100\%$ rayon because the former prevents sticking to the skin.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.71-90
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to examine the comfortability of wearing pantyhose in summer. To satisfy this purpose. 4 types of pantyhose were chosen from the market: a Mono type(M), a Wooly type(W), and two Support types(Sl, S2), were chosen. After the performances of samples were measured, these were worn by 8 healthy adult women. Under the summer field environment, psychological comfort ability was examined through the 5 steps of SD method. Physiological comfort ability was examined by measuring the body reactions(clothing pressure, skin temperature, total body weight loss, rectal temperature, pulse rates, and blood pressure), under the artificial environment($28.5{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, $82{\pm}3%$). The results of this examination were as follows : The order of comfortability which people felt in the field was W>M>S1>S2. The number of items which showed the highest correlation with comfort ability decreased and the correlation was lowered on the whole as time went by. There was positive high correlation between the performances of samples and comfort ability in compressibility, air permeability, water vapor permeability, while a negative high correlation in thickness, weight, compressional resiliency, strain (course) and moisture regain. The mean skin temperature was in the comfort zone, and rectal temperature, pulse rates, blood pressure were mostly in the normal range. Also it was showed that the correlation between the performance of samples and body reactions, except total body weight loss, was low.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2007

To modify the physical properties of alginate film, the gamma ray irradiation was performed, and alginate film properties such as elongation strength (ES), elongation rate (ER), water vapor permeability(WVP), and water solubility (WS) were measured. The film made from 1.75% alginate solution (w/w) with the addition of 2% CaCl$_2$ solution suggested a good application for a film preparation in that elongation strength(ES) increased 5 fold by CaCl$_2$ treatment and water vapor permeability was decreased by 17${\sim}$22%. A solid form of alginates were irradiated with Co$^{60}$ gamma rays in the dose range of 2 to 10 kGy to make a low molecular weight alginate film, and then the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight of alginates were measured. Increasing the dose range of 2 to 10 kGy produced lower intrinsic viscosity and lower molecular weight, causing the decrease in the ES and WS. However, ER increased four times compared to that of without gamma ray dose, which is an indication of the different properties of algiante film. WVP of the films did not show any significant change at different doses.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.126-131
• /
• 2015

Silica-polyurethane hybrid breathable films were prepared and their breathabilities were assessed. Appropriately aggregated silica was prepared through sol-gel reaction of water glass and its particle size ranged 360~500nm. The polyurethane dispersion was prepared by the reaction of isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) as diisocyanate and polytetramethylene glycol(PTMG) and dimethylol propionic acid(DMPA) as polyol, particle size ranging 30~120nm. The reaction between isocyanate and hydroxyl group to form urethane bonding was checked by the intensity of the stretch peak of isocyanate at $2270cm^{-1}$ in the FT-IR. The silica was incorporated into polyurethane dispersion and casted into film. It was shown that the incorporated silica(1~5wt.%) increased water vapour permeability of the films by 30~100%, and decreased the hydrostatic pressure by 10~40%. From the results, it could be concluded that the appropriate hybridization of silica can increase the breathability of polyurethane dispersion film, while minimizing the loss of hydrostatic pressure.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2014

Agar-based composite films were prepared with variety of food processing and agricultural processing waste materials in order to screen natural lingo-cellulosic resources for the value-added utilization of the under-utilized materials. The effect of these waste materials (10 wt% based on agar) on mechanical properties, moisture content (MC), water vapor permeability (WVP), water absorption behavior of biocomposite films were investigated. Biocomposite films prepared with various fibers resulted in significant increase or decrease in color and percent transmittance. The MC, WVP, and surface hydrophobicity of biocomposite films increased significantly by incorporation of fibers, while the water uptake ratio and solubility of the film decreased. SEM images of biocomposite film showed better adhesion between the fiber and agar polymer. Among the tested cellulosic waste materials, rice wine waste, onion and garlic fibers were promising for the value-added utilization as a reinforcing material for the preparation of biocomposite food packaging films.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.165-176
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various knitted fabrics of sports socks on their properties of hygiene and stability. Seventeen men\`s sports socks to represent five groups with different fiber content, knit structure, yarn fineness, and finishing were used. Properties of hygiene and stability of socks were determined. The results were as follows ; 1. Evaluation of Water, vapor and heat transport properties in socks with varing fiber content showed that cotton 100% socks had the highest drop absorbency, wickability, water absorbency and water retention. Polypropylene 100% socks had an excellent wickability and moisture permeability. Acrylic blend socks had the highest thermal resistance. 2. The greatest knit stretch and knit growth of socks having lower power were found to be with cotton 100% socks had the lowest stretch. Acrylic blend socks had a excellent stretch but low fabric growth, which could give a good fir sensation during wear. 3. The commerical antimicrobial finished socks showed excellent durability after repeated cycles of laundering. 4. Length and width shrinkages were found in all laundered samples during initial cycles due to rearrangement by mechanical relaxation. Shrinkages showed no further changes and reached equilibriums after 5 cycles. Cotton 100% or cotton blend socks showed lower dimensional stability than other socks during fabric care.