• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.81-84
• /
• 2014

To examine the microenvironmental effect of DNA on the photosensitized reaction, the electron-donor-connecting porphyrin, meso-(9-phenanthryl)-tris(N-methyl-p-pyridinio) porphyrin (Phen-TMPyP), was synthesized. Phen-TMPyP can bind to oligonucleotides with two binding modes, depending on the DNA concentration. The fluorescence lifetime measurement of Phen-TMPyP shows a shorter component than that of the reference porphyrin without the phenanthryl moiety. However, the observed value is much longer than those of previously reported similar types of electron-donor-connecting porphyrins, suggesting that electron-transfer quenching by the phenanthryl moiety is not sufficient. The fluorescence quantum yield of Phen-TMPyP ($5{\mu}M$) decreased with an increase in DNA concentration of up to $5{\mu}M$ base pair (bp), possibly due to self-quenching through an aggregation along the DNA strand, increased with an increase in DNA concentration of more than $5{\mu}M$ bp and reached a plateau. The fluorescence quantum yield of Phen-TMPyP with a sufficient concentration of DNA was larger than that of the reference porphyrin. The singlet oxygen ($^1O_2$) generating activity of Phen-TMPyP was confirmed by the near-infrared emission spectrum measurement. The quantum yield of $^1O_2$ generation was decreased by a relatively small concentration of DNA, possibly due to the aggregation of Phen-TMPyP, and recovered with a sufficient concentration of DNA. The recovered quantum yield was rather smaller than that without DNA, indicating the quenching of $^1O_2$ by DNA. These results show that a DNA strand can stabilize the photoexcited state of a photosensitizer and, in a certain case, suppresses the $^1O_2$ generation.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.8-23
• /
• 1994

During the period from Mar., 1991 to Feb., 1992 66 tSP samples were collected by Hi volume air sampler at 1 sampling site in Seoul and the amount of concentration of 21 components(SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$, NO$_{3}$$^{-}$, NH$_{4}$$^{+}$, Cl$^{-}$, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, It Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pt Si, Ti, Zn, Zr ) were measured. And monthly and seasonal variation were surveyed and the principal component analysis( PCA ) were carried out with respect to these amount of pollutants, minimum of visibility and radiation on a horizontal surface. The total amount of soluble ion in water was high in order o(SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$> NO$_{3}$$^{-}$> N%'>Cl$^{-}$ and metal ion was high in order of Na> Ca>Si> Fe> Al> K> Mg> Zn> Pb> Cu>Ti> Mn > Ba> Cr> Zr> Ni> Cd. There was Seasonal variation in concentration for SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$, NH$_{4}$$^{+}$, Cl$^{-}$, Na, Al, Ca, Bt Mg, Fe and Si. It was assumed that the components of the highest concentration on April were depend on yellow sand and the frequency of wind velocity and direction. As the results of PCA, the amount of pollution components was able to characterized with two principal components(Z$_{1}$, Z$_{2}$ ). The first principal components Z$_{1}$ was considered to be a factor indicating the pollutants originated from natural generation and The second principal components Z$_{2}$ was considered to be a factor indicating the pollutants originated from human work. The monthly concentration of pollutants in ISP, minimum of visibility and radiation on a horizontal surface was possible to evaluate by the use of these two principal components Z$_{1}$ and Z$_{2}$ .

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.512-523
• /
• 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of Cheongsoo wine using freeze concentration fermented with 5 kinds of yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae EJ18, EJ30, HK22, HK32 and Fermivin). We compared the characteristics, volatile flavor component and physiological activity of 5 wines. The freeze concentration can increase the sugar concentration in grape juice by reducing its water content and the alcohol content of freeze-cententrated Cheongsoo wines ranged between 15.0~15.8%. The pH of wines ranged from 2.92 to 2.94 and the total acidity and soluble solid of wines ranged from 12.40~13.27. °Brix. The major organic acid in the wines was tartaric acid (4.49~5.11 mg/mL) and malic acid (7.00~7.97 mg/mL). It contains higher functional compounds in wine fermented with yeast (EJ18, EJ30, HK22, HK32) than wine fermented with fermivin. α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity had the highest values (78.87% and 62.25%) in wine fermented with HK22 and EJ18 yeast, respectively. 16 volatile flavor compounds (alcohols, esters, ketones, acids, and others) were detected in the Cheongsoo wines by freeze concentration. These results provide useful information that the quality characteristics of wine developed by the freeze-concentration method using grapes cultivated in Korea.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 1996

Carbon black has been used as a particulate soil to prepare artificial soiled fabrics for detergent study but it has two major defects. The one is the difficulty of quantitative analysis of carbon black for evaluate the detergency, the other is that there is no reliable correlation between the removal of carbon black and oily soil which is the major component of natural soil. In this study ferric oxinate was used as a particulate soil since it is in black color and can be soiled on fabric by suspension in water or by solution in chloroform and it is easily analysed quantitatively by extracting it from soiled fabric with chloroform to get correct value of soil removal. The characteristics of soil removal of ferric oxinate were compared with that of carbon black and Sudan black, an oil soluble dye, which had been proved that it's detergency correlated with that of oily soil The soil removal of ferric oxinate and Sudan black estimated from quantitative analysis and from K/S value were in good agreement whereas the result calculated by simple reflectance was consistently low. The soil removal of ferric oxinate was exceeded from that of carbon black without regard to surfactants, Triton and Las, but the effect of washing conditions such as temperature and washing time on soil removal of both soils with different suffactants showed no considerable difference. Though the soil removal of Sudan black was little effected by the conditions, the soil removal in Triton exceeded considerably that of in Las, which is the characteristic of oily soil. Thus the soil removal of Sudan black was in good agreement with ferric oxinate in Triton, a non-ionic surfactant, and with carbon black in Las, an artionic surfactant. We concluded that ferric oxinate is a more realistic model particulate soil for artificial soiled cotton fabric washed with non-ionic surfactant than carbon black.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to determine the influence of postharvest dipping treatment with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on ethylene production and composition of non-cellulosic neutral sugars in cell walls of 'Tsugaru' apple fruits during storage. Fruits were harvested on August 20, soaked in AVG 50 and 75 $mg L^{-1}$ solution for 5 minutes, and stored in cold storage chamber at $0{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 60 days. Fruit quality factor, ethylene productions, and cell wall component changes were investigated at 20 days interval. As a result, the fruit firmness and acid content were much higher in AVG treated fruits than those of untreated one during 60 days of cold storage. Ethylene production of AVG treated fruits was reduced to the level of 1/10 compared with untreated one. As to the change of non-cellulosic neutral sugars in the cell walls of 'Tsu- garu' fruits, the major sugar was arabinose and galactose in water, CDTA and $Na_2CO_3$ soluble fractions. The content of arabinose and galactose in untreated fruits increased as the softening of fruits was in progress, but the fruits treated with AVG showed a little change during storage, so it is predicted that these two cell wall compositional sugars were not solubilized by the treatment of AVG. Accordingly, the marketability of 'Tsu- garu' fruits could remarkably increase when soaking the fruits in AVG solution after harvest.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.389-394
• /
• 2001

오미자 열매로부터 항균활성물질을 분리하기 위하여 methanol 조추출물의 용매분획의 항균력을 측정하였다. 항균활성을 나타낸 methanol 조추출물은 다시 여러 가지 용매로 순차적으로 분배하여 n-hexan층, dichloromethane층, ethyl acetate층, buthanol층과 water층을 얻은 다음, 이들 분배층에 대해 항균활성을 검색한 결과, ethyl acetate층에서 가장 활성이 높게 나타났다. 활성이 높게 나타난 ethyl acetate층은 감압증류한 후, 여러 가지 chromatography를 이용하여 분리, 정제한 다음, MS, $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR,\;$, DEPT 및 2D NMR등을 이용하여 항균활성물질의 구조를 동정하였다. 그 결과 오미자의 약리기능을 나타내는 주요성분인 lignan계통의 화합물인 gomisin C로 추정되는 compound를 분리하였고, 다른 하나는 오미자의 정유성분인 trimethylcitrate로 동정하였다. 또한 오미자추출물의 균증식도와 분쇄육의 저장성에 미치는 효과를 검토하기 위하여 식품보장실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 Salmonella typhimurium에 의해 문제시되는 식품에 천연보존료로서의 이용가능성을 시사하였다.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 2013

24-hr $PM_{2.5}$ samples were collected from January 19 through February 27, 2009 at an urban site of Gwangju and analyzed to determine the concentrations of organic and elemental carbon(OC and EC), water-soluble OC(WSOC), eight ionic species($Na^+$, $NH^{4+}$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$), and 22 elemental species. Haze phenomena was observed during approximately 29%(10 times) of the whole sampling period(35 days), resulting in highly elevated concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ and its chemical components. An Asian dust event was also observed, during which $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was 64.5 ${\mu}g/m^2$. Crustal materials during Asian dust event contributed 26.6% to the $PM_{2.5}$, while lowest contribution(5.1%) was from the haze events. OC/EC and WSOC/OC ratios were found to be higher during haze days than during other sampling days, reflecting an enhanced secondary organic aerosol production under the haze conditions. For an Asian dust event, enhanced concentrations of OC and secondary inorganic components were also found, suggesting the further atmospheric processing of precursor gases during transport of air mass to the sampling site. Correlations among WSOC, EC, ${NO_3}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, and primary and secondary OC fractions, which were predicted from EC tracer method, suggests that the observed WSOC could be formed from similar formation processes as those of secondary organic aerosol, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$. Results from principal component analysis indicate also that the observed WSOC was strongly associated with formation routes of the secondary organic and inorganic aerosols.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.199-203
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 에탄올 농도에 따른 모델용액과 발효액에서 여러 유기산들의 침전거동을 조사하였다. 발효액에서 에탄올의 농도가 높을수록 Ca(LA)2의 침전양이 많았다. Ca(LA)2의 침전효과는 발효액 내에서도 비슷하게 관찰되었다. 모델용액이나 발효액과의 혼합물 대비 30%(v/v)로 에탄올을 첨가하였을 때 젖산분리 공정의 불순물로 존재하는 다른 organic salt들의 침전율도 높았다. 따라서 전체 젖산회수공정의 효율에 대한 연구에서는 에탄올과 발효액의 혼합비율을 20%로 하였다. 반응증류시 일정 온도 이상에서는 젖산회수율이 차이나지 않았다. 에탄올이 첨가된 발효액에서는 대조군과 비교하여 최종젖산 회수율이 38.9% 증가하였다. 또한, 다른 유기산들을 포함한 회수액에서의 순도도 99.7%에 달하였다. 이러한 젖산 회수율의 증가는 owning-out crystallization에 의한 Ca(LA)2의 용해도 감소에 기인한 것으로 판단한다. 본 실험 이후에 더 높은 젖산 회수와 정제 효율을 얻기 위해서는 에탄올의 첨가에 따른 유기산의 거동과, 반응증류에서 사용되는 triethylamine의 양과 반응시간에 대한 검토가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.373-384
• /
• 2010

The present paper describes the effect of cooking temperature on objective meat qualities and volatile components in beef longissimus lumborum. Twenty samples of lumbar vertebrae longissimus muscle from Australian Black Angus (grain-fed and chiller aged for 29 d) were screened. Samples were cooked at 50, 70 or $90^{\circ}C$ in a pre-heated water bath for 1 h and uncooked raw samples were used as control. The results revealed that elevating the heating temperature from 50 to $90^{\circ}C$ led to a significant (p<0.05) increase in WB-shear force, total energy required for WB-shear force, cooking loss, pH and soluble collagen content, whereas a significant (p<0.05) linear decrease in protein solubility was observed. The results also revealed that the WB-shear force at $70^{\circ}C$ was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that observed at $50^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$. However, the effect of temperature on cooking loss and protein solubility was notably (p<0.05) higher at $70^{\circ}C$. The detectable volatile components were mostly produced from fat oxidation, and temperature effects on the generation of volatile components were significantly (p<0.05) greater for aldehydes (hexanal, benzaldehyde, nonanal and octanal) than for ketones and hydrocarbons (hexane, benzene, decan, toluene and 3-methylnonane).

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 제강슬래그로부터 인성분을 추출하여 농업용 비료의 자원으로서 사용하기 위한 침출공정을 연구하였다. 일반적으로 제강 슬래그에 함유되어 있는 인성분은 $C_2S-C_3P$상에 고용되어 있고, 이 고용체는 슬래그 내의 free-CaO 다음으로, 다른 상들보다 수용해성이 크다. 본 실험에서는 다원계 슬래그를 이용하여, 다양한 원소들의 용해거동에 미치는 pH의 영향을 알아보았다. 낮은 pH에서 제강슬래그로부터 수용액 중 Ca, Si, P, Fe의 농도는 증가되었다. pH가 3인 경우, 수용액 중 P 이온의 농도는 시간에 따라 감소하였고, P이온과 Fe이온과의 침전 반응을 감소 원인으로 고찰하였다.