• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual performance of Korean firefighter's clothing through comparisons with protective clothing used in the United State, surveys of firefighter's opinion, and experiments on the material used in Korean firefighter's clothing. The paper presents experimental results as well as ways to improve current standards. The major results are as follows: 1. Korean protective clothing is too thin and too heavy. Thicker, lighter, and more heat- resistant fabric and a lighter trim should be used. 2. Korean protective clothing is not very water-resistant. A Water-resistant outershell and an innerliner which are made of air permeable and water resistant fabric must be used. 3. Korean protective clothing's outershell and innerliner should be made of fabric that is more heat-resistant, flame-resistant, and chemical resistant. 4. Protective clothing should be more brightly colored and its reflective tape should have greater reflectivity to make firefighters more visible. 5. The fastner currently used in Korean protective clothing consists of Velcro, a button, and a D-ring which can not be opened and closed quickly. A better fastener would have just velcro and a zipper. 6. The uniform for Korean firefighters consists of only a protective coat and boots. Protective trousers should be added to the standard uniform. Also, a thermal harrier should be used in winter to protect firefighters from the cold. 7. Korean firefighters should be provided with their own personal sets of protective clothing to ensure a proper fit.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.300-316
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• 1998

The various oriental herbal medicines, which have usually been used for treatment of reducing fever, purging intense heat and detoxication, were screened to determine the antibacterial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration against antibiotics-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Among the 23 oriental medicines tested, the water-soluble extract of Coptis japonica showed very excellent antibacterial activity against antibiotics-sensitive and -resistant S. aureus. A little activity was found in the extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Eriobotrya japonica and Prunus mume against antibiotics-sensitive S. aureus and in that extracts of P. mume, Schizandra chinensis and S. baicalensis against antibiotics-resistant S. aureus. When C japonica was used, the high antibacterial activity was shown against Bacillus subtilis and other extracts showed a little or no antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli as a control. 2. The highest antibacterial activities against antibiotics-resistant S. aureus were found in the ethanol-soluble extract of C japonica. Other ethanol-soluble extracts of S, baicalensis, S. chinensis and P. mume showed a little activity against both antibiotics-sensitive and antibiotics-resistant S. aureus. 3. Among the medicinal herbs tested, the water- and ethanol extracts of C. japonica showed very excellent antibacterial activity against the pathogenic S. aureus and both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis used as a control. 4. When the water-soluble extracts of C. japonica and S. baicalensis, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against antibiotics-sensitive S. aureus were $20mg/m{\ell}\;and\;30mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. The MICs of the ethanol-soluble extracts of C. japonica and P. scabriosaefolia were $7.5mg/m{\ell}\;and\;12mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. 5. For the MICs against antibiotics-resistant S. aureus, the water-soluble extracts of C. japonica and P. mume showed $15mg/m{\ell}\;and\;10mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. The MICs of the ethanol-soluble extracts of C. japonica and P. mume were $13mg/m{\ell}\;and\;20mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. As a result, the highest antibacterial activity was found in both water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of C. japonica against antibiotics-resistant S. aureus. And the water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of S. baicalensis, S. chinensis and P. mume showed comparatively high antibacterial activities against both antibiotics-sensitive and -resistant S. aureus.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.78-83
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• 2009

17 kinds of fire resistant paint which are currently used were painted on the MDF, to find flame resistance performance and smoking characteristics according to principal ingredient and characteristics of fire resistant paint. 45 degree combustion test and smoke density test were conducted to investigate the flame resistance performance and smoking characteristics. According to the 45 degree combustion test, acrylic resin type fire resistant paint showed the most excellent fire resistance performance. And the water soluble fire resistant paint showed better fire resistance performance compare to the solvent soluble paints. Also gloss paint showed better fire resistance performance than the flat paint. Based on the smoke density test, the smoke generation of fire resistant treated specimen of acrylic resin type was least. And the water soluble fire resistant paint generate little smoke than solvent soluble fire resistant paint.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2000

Hydrogen peroxide has been used in cleaning the piping of an advanced high-purity water system that supplies ultra-high purity water (UHPW) for 16 megabyte DRAM semiconductor manufacturing. The level of hydrogen peroxide-resistant bacteria in UHPW water was monitored prior to and after disinfecting the piping with hydrogen peroxide. Most of the bacteria isolated after hydrogen peroxide disinfection were highly resistant to hydrogen peroxide. However, the percentage of resistant bacteria decreased with time. The hydrogen peroxide-resistant bacteria were identified as Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Alcaligenes latus, Xanthomonas sp. and Flavobacterium indologenes. The susceptibility of the bacteria to hydrogen peroxide was tested as either planktonic cells or attached cells on glass. Attached bacteria as the biofilm on glass exhibited increased hydrogen peroxide resistnace, with the resistance increasing with respect to the age of the biofilm regrowth on piping after hydrogen peroxide treatment. In order to optimize the cleaning strategy for piping of the high-purity water system, the disinfecting effect of hydrogen preoxide and peracetic acid on the bacteria was evaluated. The combined use of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid was very effective in killing attached bacteria as well as planktonic bacteria.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.893-896
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• 1999

Novel citric acid based Ti, Nb and Ta precursors that are highly stable in the presence of water were developed. No alkoxides of Ti, Nb and Ta were utilized in the preparation, instead much less moisture-sensitive metallic Ti, NbCl5 and TaCl5 were chosen as starting chemicals for Ti, Nb and Ta, respectively. The feasibility of these chemicals as precursors is demonstrated in the powder synthesis of BaTi4O9, Y3NbO7 and LiTaO3. The water-resistant Ti precursor was employed as a new source of water-soluble Ti in the amorphous citrate method, and phase pure BaTi4O9 in powdered form was successfully synthesized at 800 ？. The Pechini-type polymerizable complex method using the water-resistant Nb and Ta precursors was applied to the synthesis of Y3NbO7 and LiTaO3, and both the powder materials in their pure form were successfully synthesized at reduced tempera-tures, viz. 500-700 ？. The remarkable retardation of hydrolysis of these water-resistant precursors is explained in terms of the partial charge model theory.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2008

Four hundred and thirteen oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria were recovered from six freshwater giant prawn farms with a history of oxytetracycline use. Most oxytetracycline-resistant isolates were Gram-negative bacteria. Six groups of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria were classified using cluster analysis based on a comparison of levels of oxytetracycline resistance. Complex fingerprint patterns were obtained for 71 isolates studied. In general, the band patterns of isolates from different ponds were very similar, and the data indicated that the isolates were closely related. The exploration for cross-resistance found that most of the 71 oxytetracycline-resistant isolates were also resistant to tetracycline and chlortetracycline, but had a relatively low resistance to doxycycline. Many isolates showed higher chlortetracycline resistance than oxytetracycline resistance. Additionally, the oxytetracycline-resistant isolates were examined for the presence of tetracycline resistance (tet) genes. Fifty percent of the isolates carried one of the 14 known tet genes examined. The most common determinants were TetA and TetD. However, TetB, TetC, TetE, TetK, TetL, and TetM were also found with various frequencies.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 1977

The distribution of coliform population and drug-resistant coliforms in Shinchun water during April to August in 1976 and R factors in resistant strains were studied. The mean coliform population in the stream water was 361 organisms per 0.1ml and 53.5% of total coliforms were fecal coliforms. Thritynine and a half percent of total coliforms were streptomycin (SM) resistant to one or more of following antibiotics; tetracycline (TC), chloramphenicol (CM), ampicillin (AP) and kanamycin (KM). The most frequent resistant pattern was triple resistance to SM, TC and AP (23.8%) and followed by quadruple one to SM, TC, CM and AP (17.5%). About 87 percent strains carried R factors which were transferable by conjugation to E. coli ML 1410 or S. typhimurium LT 2.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.288-292
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• 2019

In vitro antimicrobial activities of hot water extracts of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) were compared to commonly used conventional antimicrobial agents. CRE was not only resistant to imipenem, meropenem or ertapenem, but also to various antimicrobial agents, such as amikacin (> $128{\mu}g/mL$). The hot water extracts of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze had the lowest MIC ($0.06{\sim}0.5{\mu}L/mL$) of the carbapenem-resistant E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp. tested, and it was possible more potent than various conventional antimicrobial agents. Synergistic combinations of the extract with used commonly antimicrobial agents might even improve its antimicrobial chemotherapy property.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.351-358
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• 2011

It was researched to be alternative of TGIC type hardener with human hazard element as PT 910 mix powder paint with hardener. Generally PT 910 was compared with TGIC & Epoxy resin of hardener to be used at thermosetting powder paint. We inquired a property of matter for paint through Gel time, glass transition temperature, melting point and a property of matter for film through a property of adhesion, a property of tolerance, softness, gloss, acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, salt water spray-resistant, facilitation climatic. When PT 910 is used of hardener, it was shown the excellent results in gel time, softness, salt water spray-resistant, fracilitation climatic and the similar results in melting point, a property of tolerance, a property of adhesion, gloss, acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, as compared with the powder paint used by TGIC hardener. The glass transition temperature was little low. But there was slightly different results. After the study results, we reached the conclusion that thermosetting powder used by PT 910 is alterative to by TGIC hardener.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.202-213
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• 2022

Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli cases are increasing high especially in Southeast Asia. Illegal use of the antibiotic in the aquaculture farming may become the culprit of the outbreak and spread into environmental source. A study was conducted to: 1) detect the chloramphenicol (CAL)-resistant gene in E. coli isolated from three aquaculture farms and six rivers of northwestern Borneo and 2) investigate the correlation between cat gene with five common antibiotics used. Isolation of E. coli was done on Eosin methylene blue agar and characterized using indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate tests. E. coli isolates were subsequently tested for their susceptibility to five antibiotics commonly used in aqua-farming. The CAL-resistant E. coli were further analyzed for the presence of resistant genes (cat I, cat II, cat III, cat IV) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. 42 bacterial colonies were isolated from a total of 80 individual water samples, 34 of which were identified as E. coli. Result showed 85.3% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, 35.3% were resistant to tetracycline, 29.4% were resistant to CAL, 17.6% were resistant to nitrofurantoin and 8.8% were resistant to nalidixic acid. All of the 10 CAL resistant E. coli isolateswere detected with cat II genes; five isolates detected with cat IV genes; three isolates detected with cat III genes; and another two detected with cat I genes. Pearson correlation coefficient shows highly significant relationship between resistance pattern of CAL with amoxicillin; and CAL with tetracycline. Our findings provide the supplementary information of the CAL resistance gene distribution, thereby improving our understanding of the potential risk of antibiotic resistance underlying within this microbial ecosystem.