• Title/Summary/Keyword: water-reducing

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Sensory Characteristics of Citrus Vinegar fermented by Gluconacetobacter hanenii CV1 (Gluconacetobacter hansenii CV1에 의해 발효된 감귤식초의 관능적 특성)

  • Kim Mi-Lim;Choi Kyung-Ho
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.21 no.2 s.86
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    • pp.263-269
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    • 2005
  • Citrus juice, a concentrate manufactured by the Jeju Provincial Corporation, was converted into vinegar orderly by alcohol and acetate fermentation. The juice with 6 folds dilution by distilled water was used as the sole nutrient source through out experiments. Diluted juice contained $12.96^{\circ}Brix$ of total sugar, $0.632\%$ of total acid and $20.23{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of hesperidin. Naringin was not detected from the juice. Citrus wine having $5.6\~6.3\%$ alcohol was produced from diluted juice by 3 days of fermentation at $28^{\circ}C$. A kind of malomelo yeast CMY-28 was used for wine fermentation. The wine was succeedingly fermented for 8 days at $30^{\circ}C$ after inoculation of seed vinegar which contained active cells of acid producing bacteria CV1. Inoculum size of seed vinegar was controlled to $10\%$(v/v) of citrus wine. The wine converted into vinegar by the fermentation. Citrus vinegar, the final product of fermentation, was colored with very thin radish-yellow and transparent. It's acidity ranged between $5.8\~6.2\%$ as acetic acid. The vinegar got the best score by sensory test among several natural fruit vinegars. It was clear from the results that citrus vinegar in high quality could be produced from concentrated citrus juice, however fermentation conditions should be improved to reduce the amount of reducing alcohol.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Cabbage Kimchi during Fermentation (양배추 김치의 숙성과정 중에 나타나는 이화학적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Hee-Sook;Park, Bock-Hee
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.22 no.5 s.95
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    • pp.600-608
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of Cabbage Kimchi with different kinds of jeot-kal. The Cabbage Kimchis were stored at 4${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$ for 49 days. The pH of all samples of Cabbage Kimchis decreased during fermentation. The total acidity of Cabbage Kimchis increased gradually during fermentation and that of Cabbage Kimchis with different kinds of jeot-kal was higher than that of control. Redox potentials and reducing sugar content decreased gradually during fermentation. Total vitamin C content of Cabbage Kimchis with different kinds of jeot-kal was much higher than that of control. In color measurement, the lightness value decreased gradually, whereas the redness and yellowness values increased gradually during fermentation. The content of hot water soluble pectin (HWSP) decreased as the fermentation proceeded, but that of hydrochloric acid soluble pectin (HCISP) and sodium hexametaphosphate soluble pectin (NaSP) increased.

Antioxidant and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity of Water Extracts From Abalone Containing Medicinal Plants (전복과 천연 식물류 복합물의 항산화 및 알코올대사 효소 활성)

  • Shin, Jung-Hye;Lee, Soo-Jung;Choi, Duk-Ju;Kang, Min-Jung;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.182-187
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    • 2008
  • This study was performed to evaluate the possible production of a functional beverage derived from abalone and with several plants (AP). Five types of AP composites were prepared having different medicinal plant compositions (AP- I : abalone, garlic, jujube, Chinese matrimony fruit, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP- II: abalone, garlic, black bean, Chinese matrimony fruit, cornus fruit, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-III : abalone, jujube, arrow root, milk vetch, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-N: abalone, black bean, arrow root, milk vetch, cornus fruit, liquorice root, zinger, honey; AP-V : abalone, garlic, Chinese matrimony fruit, milk vetch, licorice root, zinger, honey). In vitro analysis were performed to examine the antioxidant contents and alcohol dehydrogenase activities of the composites. AP- II had the highest total phenol contents ($28.55{\pm}1.56\;mg/l00\;g$), and AP- V the highest level of flavonoids ($47.61{\pm}1.58\;mg/l00\;g$). At $78.89{\pm}0.16%$, AP- V displayed the strongest electron donating ability followed by AP-II($57.99{\pm}0.21%$) and API ($37.66{\pm}0.20%$). Reducing power was also significantly higher in AP- V. The Hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD-like activities of all composites were less than 15% and 20%, respectively. At 12.5% alcohol concentration, ADH activity ranged from $114.47{\pm}2.18{\sim}121.39{\pm}4.36%$ and ALDH activity ranged from $100.04{\pm}2.90{\sim}129.54{\pm}4.80%$; AP- I , AP- II, and AP- Vin 12.5% of alcoholic concentration. The composites of AP- I , AP- II, and AP- V, all containing garlic and Chinese matrimony fruit, were significantly stronger than AP-III and AP-N. Finally, also at 12.5% alcoholic concentration, the ALDH activity of AP- V was higher than its ADH activity.

Studies on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Traditional Kochujang (전통 고추장의 품질특성)

  • Shin, Dong-Hwa;Kim, Dong-Han;Choi, Ung;Lim, Dae-Kwan;Lim, Mi-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.157-161
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    • 1996
  • Physicochemical and microbial characteristics of traditional kochujang (fermented hot pepper-soybean paste) collected from 55 households at different regions were investigated. The traditional kochujang contained $46.71{\pm}5.98%$ moisture, $46.87{\pm}8.83%$ total sugar, $11.77{\pm}3.90%$ crude protein, $15.01{\pm}6.48%$ salt, $27.52{\pm}7.32%$ reducing sugar, $0.26{\pm}0.15%$ amino nitrogen and $2.69{\pm}2.35%$ ethanol. The pH and titrable acidity were $4.60{\pm}0.23$ and $27.26{\pm}10.98\;ml/10\;g$, respectively. The average water activity of traditional kochujang were $0.79{\pm}0.04$. The Hunter L, a, and b values of kochujang were $16.03{\pm}2.89$, $20.42{\pm}4.37$, and $9.71{\pm}1.92$, respectively. The viable cell counts of aerobic, anaerobic bacteria and yeasts in the traditional kochujang were $1.02{\times}10^8{\pm}1.29{\times}10^8\;CFU/g$, $2.24{\times}10^7{\pm}3.90{\times}10^7\;CFU/g$ and $5.90{\times}10^5{\pm}2.25{\times}10^6\;CFU/g$, respectively. The kochujang collected from various regions showed quite strong liquefying and saccharogenic amylase and protease at different level by samples.

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Development and Performance Evaluation of Hydroxyl Radical Generator using Electron Emission Type High Voltage and Low Current Discharger (전자방사식 고압 저전력 방전을 이용한 OH radical 발생기의 개발과 성능 평가)

  • Kang, Hyung-Sub;Hong, Young-Pyo;Lee, In-Ho;Kim, Gi-Beum
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.558-566
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    • 2017
  • In this study, we developed an electron-emission OH radical generator for waste water treatment. The stability of the circuitry was ensured by implementing stable pulse waves with a MOSFET and reducing the momentary current rise. The OH radical generator uses a high-voltage and low-current discharger. The performance of the device was evaluated experimentally, which showed that it is possible to produce a stable and uniform pulse waveform for the drain current of the power MOSFET, which is connected to the input side of an AC multiplying converter through negative feedback circuitry with CR-snubber architecture. It was also possible to reduce the excitation current of the converter and improve the stability of the oscillation circuit. In addition, the generator can generate hydroxyl radicals stably. The bactericidal activities were also evaluated, and the germicidal power for E. coli, S. aureus, and S. flexneriwas improved by 99.9% or more after 60 minutes.

Development of Multi-functional Mulch Papers and Evaluation of Their Performance-Studies for Reducing the Basis Weight of Mulch Paper- (다기능성 멀칭지의 개발 및 적용성 평가(제l보)-멀칭지의 저평량화를 위한 연구-)

  • Lee, Hak-Lae;Ryu, Jung-Yong;Youn, Hye-Jung;Joo, Sung-Bum;Park. Yong
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 1998
  • Soil and water contamination caused by the abundant use of agricultural chemicals including herbicides and fertilizers draws public concerns since these chemicals may pollute the agricultural lands as well as the food products grown on these lands. As a method to reduce the use of agricultural chemicals mulching with thin plastic film has been commonly practised for many years. Although use of the plastic film for mulching is very effective in preventing the growth of weed, it is almost impossible to remove all of the plastic film from the agricultural land and the remaining film eventually contaminates the soils. Therefore, it is very imperative to develop a mulching material that decomposes completely to prevent soil pollution problems and to enhance the competitive edge of domestic agriculture. Mulch papers are believed to have many positive characteristics in preventing problems caused by the plastic mulch film since it decomposes completely after use. However, the basis weight of mulch papers needs to be reduced to improve its handling properties and to reduce the raw material costs of pulps. In this paper the possibilities of using domestic old corrugated containers in producing mulch papers were examined. Also use of unbleached softwood kraft pulps and dry strength additives were exploited along with two-layered sheet forming technology in decreasing the basis weight of the mulch paper. Results showed that reduction of 20g/$m^2$ of basis weight of mulch paper was possible by the appropriate raw material selection and application of strength resin. To use the mulch papers in paddy fields, however, further research to improve its durability should be pursued.

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Biogenic fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous-ethanolic extract of lichen (Usnea longissima) and their antimicrobial activity

  • Siddiqi, Khwaja Salahuddin;Rashid, M.;Rahman, A.;Tajuddin, Tajuddin;Husen, Azamal;Rehman, Sumbul
    • Biomaterials Research
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.328-336
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    • 2018
  • Background: Biogenic fabrication of silver nanoparticles from naturally occurring biomaterials provides an alternative, eco-friendly and cost-effective means of obtaining nanoparticles. It is a favourite pursuit of all scientists and has gained popularity because it prevents the environment from pollution. Our main objective to take up this project is to fabricate silver nanoparticles from lichen, Usnea longissima and explore their properties. In the present study, we report a benign method of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous-ethanolic extract of Usnea longissima and their characterization by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Silver nanoparticles thus obtained were tested for antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria. Results: Formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the appearance of an absorption band at 400 nm in the UV-vis spectrum of the colloidal solution containing both the nanoparticles and U. longissima extract. Poly(ethylene glycol) coated silver nanoparticles showed additional absorption peaks at 424 and 450 nm. FTIR spectrum showed the involvement of amines, usnic acids, phenols, aldehydes and ketones in the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles. Morphological studies showed three types of nanoparticles with an abundance of spherical shaped silver nanoparticles of 9.40-11.23 nm. Their average hydrodynamic diameter is 437.1 nm. Results of in vitro antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Streptococcus viridans, Corynebacterium xerosis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae (gram positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneuomoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative bacteria) showed that it was effective against tested bacterial strains. However, S. mutans, C. diphtheriae and P. aeruginosa were resistant to silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: Lichens are rarely exploited for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles. In the present work the lichen acts as reducing as well as capping agent. They can therefore, be used to synthesize metal nanoparticles and their size may be controlled by monitoring the concentration of extract and metal ions. Since they are antibacterial they may be used for the treatment of bacterial infections in man and animal. They can also be used in purification of water, in soaps and medicine. Their sustained release may be achieved by coating them with a suitable polymer. Silver nanoparticles fabricated from edible U. longissima are free from toxic chemicals and therefore they can be safely used in medicine and medical devices. These silver nanoparticles were stable for weeks therefore they can be stored for longer duration of time without decomposition.

Study of the Strategy of Establishment and Expansion of Green Port - the Case of Incheon Port - (녹색항만의 구축과 활성화 방안 -인천항의 사례를 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Hong-Seop
    • Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.161-180
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    • 2018
  • Environmental value is essential to the survival and development of humans. Environmental value and its importance are being emphasized, and related disputes are being expanded. The concept of green logistics is understood to be the same as that of the environment. As a way to preserve nature and engage in sustainable development, green logistics includes all logistical activities for protecting nature and minimizing or reducing behaviors that harm the environment for all processes, including using and reusing products and abolishing the search for resources by final users. All areas of human activity, such as the political, economic, social, and cultural sectors, strive to protect and preserve the environment and nature. In particular, the preservation of the environment shall be stressed in the economic activities that produce various products and expand the value added, and similarly for the social aspects. Green (environment) logistics aims to protect the environment and expand the prevention of environmental destruction and minimization on Earth. Some important cases and experiences that were introduced and applied in major countries are summarized. This research reviewed previous studies and the concepts of green logistics, including at ports, which represent a key sector of logistical activities. In this paper, air and water pollution at Incheon Port were investigated, and alternatives and system figures related to improving environmental logistics regarding three dimensions-country, company, and civil society-are recommended.

Quality Characteristics of Kimchi Prepared for the Winter around Chonnam Area (전남지역 김장 배추김치의 품질 특성)

  • 박복희;조희숙;유맹자
    • Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2003
  • To investigate quality characteristics of kimchi prepared for the winter around Chonnam area, home made kimchi samples collected from 22 area, and they were stored at -1${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$. The results were as follows : The pH and acidity of kimchi samples were 4.75 and 0.84%. respectively. Salt concentration was 3.50% and in Redox potential measurement, Eh value was -134.08mV. Ascorbic acid and reducing sugar contents were 10.l8mg% and 13.25mg%, respectively, In color measurement, L value was 52.29 and a and b values were 19.68 and 27.69, respectively. Total viable count was 5.5${\times}$10$\^$6/ and lactic acid bacteria count and yeast were 4.6${\times}$10$\^$5/ and 8.8${\times}$10$\^$5/. respectively. Properties of hardness of kimchi measured instrumentally was 9.26kgf. Alcohol insoluble solids(AIS) content was 5.53% and hot water soluble pectin(HWSP) content and sodium hexametaphosphate soluble pectin(NaSP) content were 17.35% and 29.65%, respectively, also hydrochloric acid soluble pectin(HClSP) content was 53.0%.

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Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Moju Sold at Restaurants Located in Jeonju (전주지역 음식점에서 판매되는 모주의 이화학적, 관능적 특성)

  • Lee, Bo-Young;Kim, Sang-Jun;Doo, Hong-Soo;Kwon, Tae-Ho;Kim, Jong-Wook
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.907-915
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    • 2011
  • Moju is a low-alcoholic beverage made by filtering after boiling a mixture of makgeolli, ginseng, arrowroot, licorice root, cinnamon, jujube, ginger, and raw sugar. It is known to alleviate hangovers. To provide information for use in the development of palatable Moju, this study evaluated the physicochemical and sensory properties of 22 kinds of Moju being sold at different restaurants in Jeonju city. The mean values of obtained in the physicochemical analysis were as follows: water content, 91.28%; alcohol content, 1.09%; pH, 4.25; total acidity, 0.27%; reducing sugar content, 40.68 mg/mL; soluble solid content, 13.75 $^{\circ}Brix$; and viscosity 11.19 cP. The Lactic-, malic-, and citric- acid contents were higher than the contents of other organic acids. The sucrose content was higher than the contents of other free sugars. The mean value of the free amino acids was 175.3 mg%, lower than that of Takju, the main ingredient of Moju. It was considered that the free amino acids in Takju can be used as a substrate for the browning reaction in the process of Moju manufacture. In the sensory evaluation, the Moju with 0.15~0.25% total acidity, 10.6~13.4 $^{\circ}Brix$, and 5.73~9.57 cP was preferred.