• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집(Proceeding of the KOSME 2000 Autumn Annual Meeting)
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• pp.91-98
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• 2000

The fuels of water-in-oil emulsion have a potential of reducing PM(Particulate Matter) and NOx emissions, and increassing combustion efficiency in the furnaces and the burners. For making the most of the beneficial of the secondary atomization due to the microexplosion, the water droplets distributed in the oil must have the optimal sizes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the water droplet size distribution characteristics of the different types of the static mixers. For analysing the size distribution characteristics efficiently, image analysis system was constructed and an appropriate image processing algorithm was developed. Two kinds of static mixers: Kenics type and RF type, were tested. As a results, RF type static mixer shows a better characteristics in the mean drop sizes, particularly in the condition of high water content.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.904-911
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• 2001

The fuels of water-in-oil emulsion have a potential of reducing PM(Particulate Matter) and NOx emissions, and increasing combustion efficiency in the furnaces and the burners. For making the most of the beneficial of the secondary atomization due to the microexplosion, the water droplets distributed in the oil must have the optimal sizes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the water droplet size distribution characteristics of the different types of the static mixers. For analysis the size distribution characteristics efficiently, image analysis system wes constructed and an appropriate image processing algorithm was developed. Two kinds of static mixers: Kenics type and RF type, were tested. As a results, RF type static mixer shows a better characteristics in the mean drop size, particularly in the condition of high water content.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2000

Vitamin A palmitate, an oily drug which has low chemical stability and is poorly absorbed in the intestine, was formulated into a novel powdered dosage form. This is designated as a redispersible dry emulsion by freeze-drying technique. Before preparing a dry emulsion, vitamin A palmitate oil in solid in water (O/S/W) emulsion with soybean oil and coconut oil using Aerosil 200 as an emulsion stabilizer and polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-blockcopolymer (Pluronic F68) as a surfactant was prepared. The resultants of the stability tests indicated that vitamin A palmitate O/S/W emulsion was improved on increasing the oil content of the formulation. The resultant dry emulsion particles have a good stabilities and free flow properties and readily released the oily droplets to form stable emulsions on rehydration. The drug releasing property from the resultant dry emulsion particles was dependent on factors such as amount of oily carrier(soybean oil) and surfactant(Pluronic F68) formulated. Above 80% of vitamin A palmitate content was released from the dry emulsion for 1 hour. It was deduced that vitamin A palmitate dry emulsion was definitely suitable for oral administration, since small droplets of vitamine A palmitate from the dry emulsion may alter the drug absorption profile resulting in bioavailability enhancement.

• 에너지공학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2003

Emulsion 연료는 연료절감과 오염방지특성에 의하여 많은 관심을 끌고 있다. 본 연구에서는 B-C유와 Emulsion 연료(B-C유와 폐수를 혼합하여 만든 연료)의 연소효율을 비교 분석하였다. 보일러의 양쪽에 R-Type Thermocouple과 광학온도계를 설치하였고, 연소가스배출구에 연소측정기를 설치하여 B-C유와 Emulsion 연료의 연소시 화염의 온도, 연소율 및 배기가스 농도를 측정 비교하였다. 이에 대한 실험 결과로서, 보일러 전$.$후반부의 화염온도는 B-C유의 화염온도보다 약 5$0^{\circ}C$ 낮았고, 이러한 온도차이의 원인은 Emulsion 연료의 폐수 속 수분 잠열로 인한 것으로 사료되어진다. 또한 Emulsion연료를 사용하였을 때 배출가스의 분석 결과는 오염물질의 같소 및 CO 농도 또한 매우 낮게 측정되어짐을 나타내고 있다. 3-C유와 Emulsion 연료의 연소 효율은 각각 85.5%와 84.8%이다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.123-131
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• 1999

Liquid crystal known as a rheological barrier to coalescence of oil droplets, increases emulsion stability, water-holding capacity and promotes active material penetration to skin. Some investigation for its rheological characteristics have been reported but its relations to consumer perception have been rarely published. In this study, oil/water emulsion and oil/liquid crystal/water systems were manufactured using the same composition or Behenyltrimethylammonium chloride/Cetostearyl alcohol/Lanolin oil. and rheological properties or each system were investigated with Cone and Plate rheometer. The formation of liquid crystalline phase was observed with polarized microscope and Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Continuous shear experiment, creep, yield and water holding capacity were measured for oil/water and oil/liquid crystal/water systems. The results were compared with sensory evaluations. Oil/liquid crystal/water system showed higher,viscosity at the same shear rate. higher viscoelasticity and higher yield stress than oil/water system. These properties were expected to show good spreadability and excellent richness without waxiness in hair can: products of creme type. This expectation was consistent with the results of sensory experiments. Water-holding capacity was evaluated by measuring residual water of specimens at specific temperature and relative humidity. Oil/liquid crystal/water system was proved to have higher ability to hold water in comparison with oil/water system. The results indicated that oil/liquid crystal/water system was of benefit to rheological properties creme type hair care products.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 1999년도 IFSCC . ASCS 학술대회 발표 논문
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• pp.123-131
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• 1999

Liquid crystal known as a rheological barrier to coaleseence of oil dorplets. increases. emulsion stability, water-holding capacity and promotes active material penetration to skin. Some investigation for its rheological characteristics have been reported but its relations to consumer perception have been rarely published. In this study oil/water emulsion and oil/liquid crystal/water systems were manufactured using the same composition of Behenyltrimethylammonium chloride/Cetostearyl alcohol/Lanolin oil. and rheological properties of each system were investigated with Cone and Plate rheometer. The formation of liquid crystalline phase was observed with polarized microscope and Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Continuous shear experiment, creep yield and water holding capacity were measured for oil/water and oil/liquid crystal/water systems. The results were compared with sensory evaluations. Oil/liquid crystal/water system showed higher viscosity at the same shear rate, higher viscoelasticity and higher yield stress than oil/water system. These properties were expected to show good spreadability and excellent richness without waxiness I hair care products of creme type. This expectation was consistent with the results of sensory experiments. Water-holding capacity was evaluated by measuring residual water of specimens at specific temperature and relative humidity, Oil/liquid crystal/water system was proved to have ability to hold water in comparison with oil/water system. The results indicated that oil/liquid crystal/water system was of benefit to rheological properties creme type hair care products.

• 청정기술
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2009

비튜멘으로부터 효과적으로 물을 제거하기 위하여 화학적 항유화제에 의한 물/비튜멘 에멀젼의 분리를 연구하였다. 비튜멘 에멀젼을 모사하기 위해 모사물질로 엔진오일(GS Caltex Deluxe Gold V 7.5W/30, Hyundai gear oil 85W/140)과 아스팔트(AP-5, KS M 2201, (주)동남유화)를 사용하여 예비실험을 수행하였다. 그리고 오일센드로부터 추출한 비튜멘을 이용하여 실험하였다. 예비실험으로 수행된 물/오일 에멀젼의 분리실험에서 함유화제를 첨가하지 경우 에멀젼이 분리되지 않았으며, 항유화제의 농도가 낮을 때 Hyundai 엔진오일은 GS Caltex 엔진오일보다 분리효율이 높았다. 그러나 GS Caltex 엔진오일에 비해서 분리효율의 증가율은 낮았다. Hyundai 엔진오일은 GS Caltex 엔진오일보다 점도가 높아서 물의 분산이 잘 이루어지지 않았기 때문으로 판단된다. 그리고 HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) 값이 높을수록 분리효율이 높았으며, 사용된 항유화제 중 TWEEN 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate solution)이 가장 좋은 분리효율을 나타내었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality properties of emulsion-type pork sausages when pork fat is replaced with vegetable oil mixtures during processing. Pork sausages were processed under six treatment conditions: T1 (20% pork fat), T2 (10% pork fat + 2% grape seed oil + 4% olive oil + 4% canola oil), T3 (4% grape seed oil + 16% canola oil), T4 (4% grape seed oil + 4% olive oil + 12% canola oil), T5 (4% grape seed oil + 8% olive oil + 8% canola oil), and T6 (4% grape seed oil + 12% olive oil + 4% canola oil). Proximate analysis showed significant (p<0.05) differences in the moisture, protein, and fat content among the emulsion-type pork sausages. Furthermore, replacement with vegetable oil mixtures significantly decreased the ash content (p<0.05), increased water-holding capacity in emulsion-type pork sausages. Also, cholesterol content in T6 was significantly lower than T2 (p<0.05). In the texture profile analysis, hardness and chewiness of emulsion-type pork sausages were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by vegetable oil mixtures replacement. On the contrary, cohesiveness and springiness in the T4 group were similar to those of group T1. The unsaturated fatty acid content in emulsion-type pork sausages was increased by vegetable oil mixtures replacement. Replacement of pork fat with mixed vegetable oils had no negative effects on the quality properties of emulsion-type pork sausages, and due to its reduced saturated fatty acid composition, the product had the quality characteristics of the healthy meat products desired by consumers.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1421-1432
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 바이오매스로서 코코넛 폐기물을 $600^{\circ}C$에서 열분해하여 생성된 수상오일(water soluble oil)을 얻었다. 선박유로 사용되는 MDO(Marine Diesel Oil)와 바이오매스로서 코코넛 폐기물을 열분해하여 생성된 수상오일을 MDO에 15~20% 까지 혼합 후 유화시켜 제조된 바이오에멀젼 연료의 연소 특성에 대하여 연구 하였다. 엔진 배출가스 및 온도, 출력을 측정하기 위하여 엔진 다이나모메터를 사용하였다. 바이오에멀젼 연료는 수분이 함유되어 있어서 연소실내의 기화잠열을 빼앗아가 배출가스의 온도를 낮춰주는 것으로 나타났다. 바이오에멀젼 연료에 함유된 수분이 연소실내에서 미세폭발을 일으켜 연료를 잘게 쪼개어 주어 매연을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 바이오에멀젼 연료의 사용으로 연소실내의 온도 감소는 질소산화물 배출을 저감하는 것으로 나타났다. 바이오오일 함유량이 증가 하면 수분함량도 증가하여 전체 발열량이 줄어들게 된다. 따라서 출력이 바이오에멀젼 연료 사용량에 비례하여 감소하는 특성을 나타내었다. 선박용 연료로 사용되는 중질유는 매연과 질소산화물을 많이 배출한다. 선박용 연료로 바이오에멀젼 연료를 사용하면 매연과 질소산화물 배출을 줄여줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.543-550
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• 1998

에멀젼 증발법에 의해 구형의 산화텅스텐 분말을 제조하는 연구를 하였다. 분말의 특성은 TGA, X-ray 회절, SEM, image analysis 등을 이용하여 조사하였다. 텅스텐 이온이 함유된 수상과 등유, 계면활성제, 파라핀유로 이루어진 유기상을 고속으로 교반하여 에멀젼을 제조하였다. 에멀젼을 $160^{\circ}C$의 등유욕내에서 증발시틴 후 얻어진 침전물을 $160^{\circ}C$에서 하소하여 텅스텐 산화 분말을 제조하였다. 산화텅스텐 분말의 평균 입경은 $0.5\;\mu\textrm{m}$ 였으며 모양은 구형이었다. Watre-in-oil형 에멀젼으로 제조된 $W_{3}$는 oil-in-water 형의 것보다 응집도가 적었다. 계면활성제의 HLB값이 증가할수록, 에멀젼 중의 텅스텐 이온의 농도가 감소할수록 평균입도가 작아졌으며, $W_{3}$ 입자들의 응집도는 증가하였다. 계면활정제로 사용한 Span 80의 농도는 8 vol%가 적당했고, 에멀젼 제조시 교반속도는 5000rpm이 적당했다.