• 제목/요약/키워드: water seeding

검색결과 285건 처리시간 0.031초

관개지구의 관행 물관리를 고려한 저수지 용수공급량 추정 (Estimation of Amounts of Water Release from Reservoirs Considering Customary Irrigation Water Management Practices in Paddy-Field Districts)

  • 강민구;오승태;김진택
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제56권5호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2014
  • The DIROM (Daily Irrigation Reservoir Operation Model) was modified to estimate amounts of water release from reservoirs, considering customary irrigation water management practices, such as water supply for puddling and transplanting paddy rice from seeding beds and mid-season drainage. The applicability of the modified model was investigated by simulating amounts of water release from three study reservoirs: Hwamae, Ogi, and Doya Reservoirs. In terms of annual amounts of water release, the relative errors between the observed and simulated values in 2012 and 2013 ranged -26.20 % to 10.28 % and 4.90 % to 30.06 %, respectively; in case of reservoir water levels, the RMSE values ranged 0.45 m to 1.34 m and 0.40 m to 1.27 m, respectively. Also, it was revealed that the model provided better simulation results for monthly water releases than the original model. In addition, the model presented better performance in simulating 10-day amounts of water release from April to June. However, the model had still significant errors in the simulation results from July to September because the reservoirs were practically operated to adapt to water management circumstances. Finally, it is concluded that the modified DIROM can estimate the amounts of water release from reservoirs, reflecting irrigation water management customs in paddy-field districts. To achieve higher prediction accuracy of the model, it is necessary to incorporate practical reservoir operation rules into the model.

Reduction of Stress Caused by Drought and Salt in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crops through Applications of Selected Plant Extracts and the Physiological Response Mechanisms of Rice

  • Hyun Hwa Park;Young Seon Lee;Yong In Kuk
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.57-57
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    • 2022
  • In many areas of the world, salt damage and drought have had a negative impact on human survival due to a decrease in agricultural productivity. For instance, about 50% of agricultural land will be affected by salt damage by 2050. Biostimulants such as plant extracts can not only increase the nutrient utilization efficiency of plants, but also promote plant growth and increase resistance to abiotic or biotic stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how selected plant extracts might reduce levels of stress caused by drought and salt and to better understand the physiological response mechanisms of rice plants. In this study, we used Soybean leaves, Soybean stems and Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts were used. These extracts had been used in previous studies and were found to be effective. The materials were dried in a dry oven at 50℃ for 5 days and ground using a blender. Each 50 g of materials was put in 1 L of distilled water, stirred for 24 hours, filtered using 4 layers of mirocloth, and then concentrated using a concentrator. Rice (cv. Hopumbyeo) seeds were immersed and germinated, and then sown in seedbeds filled with commercial soil. In drought experiments, three rice seedlings at 1 week after seeding was transplanted into 100 ml cups filled with commercial soils and grown until the 4-leaf stage. For this experiment, the soil weight in a cup was equalized, and water was allowed to become 100% saturated and then drained for 24 hours. Thereafter, plant extracts at 3% concentrations were applied to the soils. For NaCl treatments, rice plants at 17 days after seeding were treated with either 100 mM NaCl or plant extracts at 1%+ 100 mM NaCl combinations in the growth chamber. Leaf injury, relative water content, photosynthetic efficiency, and chlorophyll contents were measured at 3, 5, and 6 days after treatments. Shoot fresh weight of rice under drought conditions increased 28-37% in response to treatments of Soybean leaf, Soybean stem, Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts at 3% when compared with control plants. Shoot fresh weight of rice subjected to 100 mM NaCl treatments also increased by 6-24% in response to Soybean leaf, Soybean stem, Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts at 3% when compared with control plants. Compared to the control, rice plants treated with these six extracts and subjected to drought conditions had significantly higher relative water content, Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids than control plants. With the exception of relative water contents, rice plants treated with the six extracts and subjected to salt stress (100 mM NaCl treatments) had significantly higher Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids than control plants. However, the type of extract used did not produce significant difference in these parameters. Thus, all the plant extracts used in this study could mitigate drought and NaCl stresses and could also contribute substantially to sustainable crop production.

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초미세버블이 종자발아에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Nanobubbles on the Seed Germination)

  • 황민섭;오승훈;이정일;한정우;김종민
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.574-578
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    • 2016
  • 지속적으로 증가하는 식량 수요를 충족시키기 위해 작물 생산량의 확대가 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 많은 연구자들이 다양한 관점에서 곡물류 식용 작물의 수확량, 품질, 파종 시기, 환경 적응력 등을 향상시키기 위한 연구를 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초미세버블이 보리종자의 발아에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 증류수 내에 생성된 초미세버블의 평균 직경과 개체수는 각각 133 ㎚, 8.59✕108 particles/㎖였으며, 초미세버블 혼합 증류수는 일반 증류수에 비해 보리종자 발아율을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

벼 건답직파재배에서 피복요소 시용에 따른 암모니아 휘산 (Ammonia Volatilization from Coated Urea in Paddy Soil of Direct Seeding Rice Culture)

  • 이동욱;박기도;박창영;전원태;손일수;박성태;이석순;강위금
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.328-333
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    • 2005
  • 영남지역 식질논에서 벼를 건답직파하여 재배하면서 완효성질소비료인 LCU를 표준시비량의 80%와 100% 수준으로 시용시 관행 요소 대비 암모니아 휘산의 경감효과를 검토하였다. 토양 $NH_4-N$ 농도는 파종 후 45일경에 가장 높았는데 LCU 처리구에서는 $92-100mg\;kg^{-1}$, 요소 시용구에서는 $73mg\;kg^{-1}$였으며, 전 생육기간동안 요소 시용에 비해 LCU 처리구가 높았다. 토양 $NO_3-N$의 농도는 모든 처리에서 파종 후 10일경에 가장 높았는데 LCU 처리구는 $30-33mg\;kg^{-1}$, 요소 시 용구는 $27mg\;kg^{-1}$였고, 건답기간동안 높게 유지되다가 담수 후 낮아져 파종 후 80일경 이후에는 모든 처리에서 $1-2mg\;kg^{-1}$로 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 표면수의 $NH_4-N$ 농도는 요소시용구에서는 추비 후 $NH_4-N$ 농도가 $8-10mg\;L^{-1}$로 일시적으로 상승하였으나, LCU 처리구에서는 생육기간동안 $1mg\;L^{-1}$이하였다. 표면수의 pH는 담수 후 생육기간동안 요소 및 LCU 처리에서 7.5-8.3 였으나 요수구의 pH가 다소 높게 유지되었다. 요소 시용구에서의 암모니아 휘산량은 추비 시용 후 급격히 증가하였고, 시비질소에 대한 총 휘산량은 $8.7-11.8kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ 이었다. 한편 LCU 시용에 따른 암모니아 휘산량은 LCU의 시비량에 관계없이 $2.4-3.0kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$였으며, 연차간의 변이도 요소에 비해 매우 적었다. 따라서 벼 건답직파재배에서 LCU 시용시 암모니아 휘산량은 요소 시용에 비해 72-76% 경감되었다.

배수로 물 관개 벼농사의 비점오염원 경감효과 (Use of Drainage Water as Irrigation Resource in the Paddy Field to Mitigate Non-point Source Pollutants)

  • 김춘송;고지연;이재생;정기열;박성태;구연충;강항원
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 농경지와 농촌마을로부터 발생하여 소하천으로 유입되는 비점오염물질을 경감시키기 위하여 농업간선배수로 끝의 논에서 배수로 물을 관개수로 이용하였을 때 수질정화효과를 살펴보고, 비점오염물질 정화를 위한 효과적인 벼 재배 양식을 탐색하기 위하여 수행하였다. 모든 벼 재배양식에서 하천으로 유입되는 비점오염물질이 정화되는 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 잡초의 건물량을 포함한 벼 재배양식별 총건물생산능력은 기계이앙재배에서 가장 높았으나, 무경운자연재배와는 차이가 적었고, 비점오염물질인 T-N과 $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$의 흡수량은 기계이앙재배 > 무경운자연재배 > 건답직파재배 순으로 높았다. 벼 전 생육기간동안 비점오염물질의 정화량은 T-N과 T-P, K 모두 무경운자연재배 > 건답직파재배 > 기계이앙재배 순이었는데, 기계이앙에 비하여 무경운자연재배에서 T-N 323, T-P 12, K 183 kg $ha^{-1}$가 더 정화되었으며, 건답직파재배에서는 T-N 68, T-P 0.7, K 16 kg $ha^{-1}$가 더 정화된 결과를 보였다. 기계이앙재배는 건물생산량과 비점오염물질의 흡수량은 가장 많았으나 관개 소요량이 적고 시비에 의하여 비점오염물질의 정화효과는 상대적으로 낮았다. 벼 생육단계별 비점오염물질정화량은 기계이앙재배의 경우 분얼기 > 결실기 > 신장기 순으로 높았으나, 무경운자연재배와 건답직파재배에서는 결실기 > 분얼기 > 신장기 순이었다. 벼 재배양식별 쌀수량은 기계이앙재배의 4,698 kg $ha^{-1}$와 비교하여 무경운자연재배는 13%, 건답직파재배는 15% 감수되었다.

음식물 소멸기에서 발생하는 응축폐수의 Polyethylene 침지형 중공사막을 이용한 처리 특성 (Processing Characteristics of the Condensed Wastewater Resulting from Food Waste Disposal using a Submerged Polyethylene Hollow Fiber Membrane)

  • 유재상;전태봉;김진호;정건용
    • 멤브레인
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2010
  • 연구는 음식물 쓰레기를 음식물 소멸기에서 미생물에 의해 발효하여 유기물을 감량화하고, 음식물 발효시 발생되는 가스를 냉각기에서 기체와 수분으로 분리하여 기체는 반응기로 다시 보내고 수분은 응축하여 침지식 MF 중공사 분리막이 장착된 MBR 시스템에 적용하여 처리하는 시스템에 관한 연구이다. (주)바이오하이테크에서 제작한 음식물 소멸기와 수처리 장치에 침지식 MF 중공사 모듈을 설치하여 90일간 H연구소 직원식당에서 발생되는 음식물 쓰레기를 연속 투입하여 처리하였다. 음식물 소멸기 초기 Seeding를 위하여 수분조절제로 미강, 왕겨, 톱밥을 305 kg 투입하였고 음식물은 운전기간동안 1,648 kg투입하였고 응축폐수는 1,600 L 발생되었다. 음식물 소멸기 운전 종료 후 배출된 발효 부산물은 386 kg으로 감량율은 약 80%로 조사되었다. 침지식 MF 중공사 분리막 모듈을 응축폐수의 MBR 시스템에 적용하여 유기물 처리한 결과 제거율은 각각 BOD 99.9%, COD 97.5%, SS 98.6%, T-N 54.6%, T-P 34.7%였으며, 총대장균은 100%가 제거되었다.

Studies on establishment rate of direct seeded rice in relay intercropping system

  • Maki, Natsumi;Yasumoto, Satoko;Kojima, Makoto;Ohshita, Yasuo
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.186-186
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    • 2017
  • Relay intercropping system of direct seeded rice and winter cereal is labor saving cultivation and has high land use efficiency in Japan. In this system, rice seeds are direct seeded into inter-row space of winter cereals (wheat or barley) in March or April. If the direct seeding of rice is conducted before stem elongation phase or using suitable seeder, these are little effect to yield of winter cereals. Though the seeds are generally thiuram treated, it's a matter that seedling establishment rate (SER) of direct seeded rice is low and unstable. The cause of low SER has not been revealed. In present study, with the aim to reveal causes of low SER, we conducted experiments and investigated the SER, and analyzed some factors that might affect SER. Experiment1: In 2015, 2016, we buried rice seeds underground, and investigated the transition of the seed survival rates (SSR). Seeds were thiuram-treated or non-treated. In 2 periods, SSR of thiuram-treated seeds were significantly higher than non-treated seeds. In 2016, thiuram-treated seeds were high in SSR (almost 75%) at April 30th, but low SER (10~27%) after harvest of winter cereals. Therefore, almost all of seed death might have been happen after germination. Analysis 1: We investigated the SER and cultivation conditions in Ibaraki pref. for several years. Meteorological factors were referred from the nearest point of AMeDAS. From mean temperature (MT) among 5days after and before the day, we divided the period of seeding ~June 20 to phase1~4. We defined each phase as below; Phase1: $MT{\leq}10^{\circ}C$, Phase2: $10^{\circ}C<MT{\leq}15^{\circ}C$, Phase3:$15^{\circ}C<MT{\leq}20^{\circ}C$, Phase4: $MT>20^{\circ}C$. We analyzed the correlation of SER and meteorological factors by each phase. Total number of days in phase 1~4 was significantly negative correlated with SER. In phase1, total rain fall and number of soil wetting days were significantly negative correlated with SER. In phase2~4, only MT was significantly positive correlated with SER. This result suggested that rainfalls in phase1 declined seed vigor to emergence from soil surface, by repeated water absorption and re-dry. From these present studies, it was suggested that one of factors of low SER of direct seeded rice in relay intercropping system is changing of water condition by rainfalls in phase1 ($MT{\leq}10^{\circ}C$). To improve SER, it's necessary to consider something seed treatments such as prevent water absorption during phase1. However, 58~60% of seeds seemed to die during May. It's suggested that, if seeds are thiuram treated, almost all of seeds can germinate underground, but the seed vigor to emergence from soil surface are insufficient. Further studies are needed to reveal the rest causes that is happening during emergence from soil surface.

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Study on the yield and delayed stem senescence of soybean varieties in late sowing cultivation

  • Suzuki, Daisuke;Gunji, Kento;Higo, Masao;Isobe, Katsunori
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.201-201
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    • 2017
  • Delayed stem senescence of soybean is a phenomenon of retarded leaf and stem yellowing, where plants maintain a high stem water content and remain chlorophyll in leaf and stem at maturity stage. This phenomenon was one of the most important physiological disease in Japanese soybean cultivation. The occurrence of delayed stem senescence was affected by sowing time. And the most of Japanese field, soybean seeds were sowed in June. June is the rainy season in Japan, and the soil water content of field become higher in this season. In this study, the effects of late sowing (July sowing) on the yield and the occurrence of delayed stem senescence in soybean cultivars Enrei, Tachinagaha and Ayakogane were examined from 2013 to 2015, in the experimental farm at Nihon University (Fujisawa-city, Kanagawa, Japan). The seeds of all cultivars were sowed in June (June-normal density plot) or July (July-normal density plot, July-high density plot and July-super high density plot) in field experiment. The pot experiments were carried out in 2014. In all cultivars, the yield of July-high density plot and July-super high density were higher than that of June normal density plot. And the yield of June-normal density plot was the same as that of July-normal density plot. In all cultivars, the occurrence of delayed stem senescence was increased by seeding in June sowing. And in July sowing plots, no significance difference in the occurrence of delayed stem senescence was observed among density plots. One of reason about the increasing the occurrence of delayed stem senescence in June-normal plot was the increasing of the damaged seeds by bean bugs. Add one of reason about the decreasing of the occurrence of delayed stem senescence of July plots was the decreasing of the amount of cytokinin supplied from root to top and water stress after the flowering time was improved compared with the June plot. In conclusion, the yield of Enrei, Tachinagaha and Ayakogane were not changed by changing the sowing time from June to July. In all cultivars, the occurrence of delayed stem senescence were decreasing by seeding in July.

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벼 직파재배(直播栽培) 양식(樣式)에 따른 잡초발생양상(雜草發生樣相) 및 경합특성(競合特性) - 제(第) 1 보(報). 잡초(雜草)의 발생분포(發生分布)와 생장(生長) (Emergence of Weed Species and Their Competitive Characteristics in Direct-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa) - 1. Distribution and Growth of Weeds in Direct-Seeded Rice)

  • 허상만;조이기;권삼열
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.278-288
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    • 1995
  • 벼 직파재배(直播栽培) 두 양식(樣式)(건답직파(乾畓直播), 담수직파(湛水直播))하(下)에서 잡초(雜草)의 초종별(草種別) 발생분포(發生分布)와 생장(生長) 및 군락구조(群落構造)의 변화(變化)를 파악하여 비교분석한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 건답직파(乾畓直播)에서 발생잡초(發生雜草)는 화본과(禾本科) 2종(種), 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草) 8종(種), 및 사초과(莎草科) 4종(種) 등 총 14종이었고, 우점초종은 밭뚝외풀, 알방동사니, 황새냉이, 너도방동사니였다. 일년생과 다년생의 분포비율은 73.6 : 26.4%로 일년생 점유율이 높았다. 2. 담수직파(湛水直播)에서는 화본과(禾本科) 1종(種), 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草) 7종(種), 사초과(莎草科) 4종(種)등 총 12종이었고, 우점초종은 알방동사니, 올챙고랭이, 밭뚝외풀 순(順)이었다. 일년생(一年生)과 다년생(多年生)의 분포비율(分布比率)은 82.1 : 17.8%로 일년생(一年生) 점유비율이 단연 높았다. 3. 건답(乾畓) 및 담수직파(直播)에서의 잡초발생(雜草發生) 및 생장양상에서 대부분 잡초(雜草)들의 개체수(個體數)는 파종(播種) 후(後) 45일(日)경에서 결정되었고, 건물중(乾物重)은 파종(播種) 후(後) 75-90일(日)까지 계속 증가(增加)하였다. 초장(草長)의 신장(伸長)은 피, 올챙고랭이, 알방동사니는 파종(播種) 후(後) 45~60일(日), 미국가막사리는 파종(播種) 후(後) 60~90일(日)에 큰폭의 신장성(伸長性)을 보였으며 그 외의 잡초(雜草)들은 파종(播種) 후(後) 45일(日)이후부터 완만한 신장(伸長)을 나타냈다. 4. 생육후기까지 가장 우점했던 초종은 건답직파에서 알방동사니, 가막사리, 바랭이 및 피였으며, 담수직파(湛水直播)에서는 알방동사니, 피 및 올챙고랭이였다.

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잇꽃 종자의 발아에서 제(Hilum)의 형태적 특성과 기능 (Morphological Characteristics and Function of Hilum in Safflower Seed Germination)

  • 안석현;정남진
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.117-122
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    • 2013
  • 본 실험은 경실 종자인 잇꽃의 종자구조와 발아특성을 밝히고자 수행하였다. 잇꽃 종자의 외형적 특징은 단단한 종피 표면에 제(hilum)와 주공(micropyle)이 있으며, 제는 종자의 발달과정에서 태좌와 연결되어 있었고, 주공은 암술대와 연결되어 있었던 부분이다. 종자 침종 후 2-3시간 후에 제의 표면이 열렸으며, 발아 시 유아(embryo)가 제를 뚫고 돌출되었다. 잇꽃 종자의 흡습 전에 제와 주공에 파라핀을 처리하여 밀봉한 결과, 제 부위를 밀봉한 처리에서 종자의 발아가 이루어지지 않아 잇꽃 종자의 수분과 산소 교환이 제를 통하여 이루어진다는 것을 확인하였다. 잇꽃 종자의 제가 물에 잠기도록 수분을 공급한 발아실험(top of paper method)에서는 $15^{\circ}C$에서 31.3%, $20^{\circ}C$에서 15.7%, 그리고 $25^{\circ}C$에서 6.0%가 발아하였으며, between-paper method에 의한 실험에서는 $15^{\circ}C$에서 45.5%, $20^{\circ}C$에서 30.0%, $25^{\circ}C$ 14.0%로 발아율이 나타났고, 토양에 파종한 종자는 온도에 관계 없이 80% 내외의 발아율을 보여, 잇꽃 종자의 발아에 수분공급 조건과 온도가 밀접하게 연관되어 있었다. 제(hilum)의 내부 구조를 SEM(scanning electron microscope)을 이용하여 관찰한 결과 도관요소를 구성하는 세포로 이루어져 있었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 잇꽃 종자의 제(hilum)는 발아과정에서 수분흡수와 가스교환 통로가 되는 것으로 판단된다.