• 제목/요약/키워드: water rinsing

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A Convergence study on amount of remaining toothpaste in the mouth according to the number of rinse after brushing (잇솔질 후 헹굼 횟수에 따른 구강 잔여 세치제의 양에 대한 융합연구)

  • Kim, Seung-yeon;An, Da-eun;Yang, Jeong-in;Won, Mi-gyeong;Lee, Jeong-hyeon;Jang, Jeong-yeon;Kang, Kyung-hee
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.17 no.12
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    • pp.393-398
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    • 2019
  • This study aimed to suggest the optimum number of rinsing by researching changes in optical density and pH in accordance with the number of rinsing after toothbrushing, and then verifying the amount of residual toothpaste in mouth. Total 14 university students who had healthy body with no difficulties in daily life were selected from the students of K university in Daegu as the research subjects. The research subjects rinsed their mouths with 40ml of water from zero time to 12 times after toothbrushing. After collecting each rinsing water, the optical density and pH were measured. In the results of measuring the optical density value of each rinsing water, the rinsing water of six-seven times or more after toothbrushing showed the constant value of optical density, which was statistically significant(p<0.05). There were no differences in accordance with the amount of toothpaste such as 1g, 1.5g, and 2g. Based on such results of this study, it would be necessary to provide the education of the use of dentifrice, and also to have diverse researches on the effects of residual dentifrice in mouth on the oral cavity.

Fouling and cleaning of a tubular ultrafiltration ceramic membrane

  • Siddiqui, Farrukh Arsalan;Field, Robert W.
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.433-449
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    • 2016
  • The successful application of cleaning protocols is vital for optimized filtration processes. A series of experiments with an ultrafiltration ceramic tubular membrane were carried out for the foulants dextran and carboxymethyl cellulose. Firstly, the impact on fouling of concentration changes was investigated with the increase in resistance being used as the key parameter. In the second phase, removal of reversible fouling was also investigated by employing intermittent rinsing consisting of a cold water rinse followed by a hot one. A comparative analysis for both foulants is reported. Across a range of concentrations and for both foulants, the reduction in resistance due to rinsing was found to depend upon concentration (C); it changed as $C^n$ where n was found to be 0.3. A plausible semi-theoretical explanation is given. Thirdly, for both foulants, the application of a combination of strong alkaline solutions with oxidizing agent (mainly sodium hypochlorite) followed by acid was found to be appropriate for cleaning of the ceramic membrane. The effect of increased temperature for cleaning agents followed by a warm water rinse contributed positively to the cleaning capability.

Effect of Organic wax residues and particles removal by DIO3 (ozonated DI water) after Silicon Wafer batch Polishing Process (오존수를 이용한 실리콘 웨이퍼 연마 후 지용성 왁스 및 오염입자 제거의 영향)

  • Yi, Jae-Hwan;Lee, Seung-Ho;Kim, Tae-Gon;Park, Jin-Goo;Lee, Gun-Ho;Bae, So-Ik
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2007.06a
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    • pp.558-559
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    • 2007
  • A commercially de-waxer which kinds of solvent after was used to remove a thick organic wax film after polishing process and several steps of SC-1 cleanings were followed for the removal of organic wax residues and particles which requires long process time and high cost of ownership (COO). DIO3 was used to remove organic wax residues too achieve low COO. In this study, 0103 rinsing could use instead of 01 water rinsing. The process time and chemical consumption were reduced by using DIO3.

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Changes in Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Fruits as Affected by Chlorine Sterilization (과일류의 염소 소독 방법에 따른 이화학적 및 관능적 품질 특성 변화)

  • Park, Jong-Sook;Nam, Eun-Sook;Park, Shin-In
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.499-509
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in physicochemical and sensory properties of raw fruits during washing and chlorine treatments. Strawberry and banana were pre-prepared at different concentration of chlorinated water(0 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm), immersion time(3 min and 5 min), and number of post-rinsing(1 time, 2 times and 3 times). The physicochemical properties such as pH, sugar contents, residual chlorine contents, color values and hardness of the fruits were analyzed, and the sensory quality were evaluated throughout the sterilization treatment process. After washing strawberry with 100 ppm chlorinated water and 3 times of post-rinsing, pH and residual chlorine contents were showed a little difference, while sugar contents, hardness, and color values(L, a and b) were reduced. In case of banana, pH, sugar contents and residual chlorine contents were not affected, and hardness and L color value were reduced. However, a and b color values of banana were gradually increased as the development of brown discoloration. Sensory properties of the samples were affected by the chlorine sterilization treatment. In overall acceptance, strawberry and banana treated with 100 ppm chlorinated water showed the lowest scores among treatments. Therefore it could be suggested that the application of 50 ppm chlorinated water for $3{\sim}5$ minutes with over 3 times of post-rinsing was the effective pre-preparation method without affecting the quality of the fruits.

Comparison of detergency effectiveness by the type of household washer, detergent and soil - Focused on detergency, rinsing, fabric damage and tanglement - (가정용 세탁기, 세제 및 오염의 종류별 세탁 성능 비교 - 세탁성, 헹굼성, 섬유손상도, 엉킴도를 중심으로 -)

  • Piao, Shujing;Park, Myung-Ja
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.950-960
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this research is to provide accurate information of household washers and detergents for consumers, so that help the producers who make washing machine and detergent to get basic material and also help consumers to choose washing machine. Experiment was proceed with two type of washers to compare energy consumption, washing performance, rinsing effectiveness further, damage caused by entanglement of laundry and fabric was assessed. Detergent P and T were used to compare the performance related to differences of ingredients of detergent. Soiled fabrics of EMPA 108 set were used to evaluate performance of washing by different types of contamination. A summary of experimental results are : First, for the consumption of water, drum-type washer consumed 53% less than pulsator-type washer. On the other hand, the washing time was almost similar for both these machines, but pulsator-type washer showed shorter progress, implying that power saving was more efficient in this case. Second, the drum-type washer showed better performance for contamination with all types of detergent, but the pulsator-type washer showed better rinsing performance. Third, the drum-type washer performed less data of tangle level and fabric damage. Fourth, detergent "P" exhibited better washing performance than did detergent "T", regardless of the type of soil. And with no limit of detergent variety, water-soluble protein soil showed high removal rate, liposoluble soil especially pigment was hardly removed.

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF SYRUP FORM MEDICINES FOR CHILDREN ON INTRAORAL pH (유아용 시럽형 약물이 구강 내 산도에 미치는 영향)

  • Ahn, Ji-Yeung;Kim, Jae-Moon;Jeong, Tae-Sung;Kim, Shin
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.590-598
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    • 2007
  • Syrup form medicines which children commonly take contains sugar as sweeteners. Sugar, low endogenous pH, high acidity, mucosity and low concentrations of ions including those of calcium, fluoride, and phosphate in their composition, they can be cause of caries and erosion. Not only the properties found in such medicines, but also other factors such as high frequency of ingestion, bedtime consumption, and the collateral effect of a reduction in salivary flow, poor oral hygiene of sick children may also contribute to the risk. The other side, parents rarely recognize these risk, and medical experts also easily overlook. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pH level of some syrup form medicines which are frequently administered by infants and young children, and their effects on the changes of plaque pH when rinsing with them. And we compared the salivary pH change induced by rinsing with Cough-syrup only and rinsing with Cough-syrup followed by water. The results were as follows : 1. The average pH of syrup form medicines which were prescribed in Pusan National University Hospital and several OTC syrup form medicines was pH $4.7{\pm}0.94$, within the range of pH 3.0 to 6.8. 2. The plaque pH decreased rapidly below pH 5.5 after rinsing with the syrup form medicines which were selected for the test and there was no statistically significant difference in the of plaque pH change between syrup form medicines except COLDI(p>0.05). 3. There was statistically significant difference in salivary pH change between rinsing with Coughsyrup only and rinsing with water after Cough-syrup(p<0.05).

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Effects of Chloride and Sulfate Ions on Corrosion Behaviors of Structural Materials Based on Design of Experiment (실험계획에 기반한 수돗물 성분(Chloride and Sulfate Ions)의 구조재료 부식 영향성 고찰)

  • Dong-In Lim;Heng-Su Noh;Hyeok-Jun Kwon;Sung-Ryul Park;Man-Sik Jo;Doo-Youl Lee
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.201-213
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    • 2023
  • Corrosion management of an aircraft and its engine relies on rinsing and cleaning using tap water. Few studies have reported effects of tap water species on corrosion behaviors of structural materials. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted based on the design of experiment. Solutions with different levels of chloride and sulfate ions were prepared using a full factorial design. Two structural materials (aluminum alloy and steel) were used for an alternate immersion test. Weight loss was then measured. In addition, a silver specimen was utilized as a sensor for chloride deposition measurement. The silver specimen was examined using the electrochemical reduction method, XPS, and SEM-EDS. Surface analysis revealed that levels of chloride and sulfate ions were sufficient for the formation of silver chloride and silver surface. Statistical analysis of weight loss and chloride deposition rate showed significant differences in measured values. Concentration of chloride ions greatly affected corrosion behaviors of structural materials. Sulfate ion hindered the adsorption reaction. These results emphasize the importance of controlling ion concentration of tap water used for cleaning and rinsing an aircraft.

Analysis of Electrical Conductivity during Desalinization of Reclaimed Tidal Lands (간척지 토양의 제염과정 중 전기전도도 분석)

  • 구자웅;최진규;손재권;윤광식;이동욱;조경훈
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.37-49
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    • 2001
  • This study was performed in order to produce the basic data for developing prediction techniques of desalinization to be applicable to reclaimed tidal lands at the beginning stage. the desalinization experiments were carried out by two water management practices, namely, the leaching method by subsurface drainage and the rinsing method by surface drainage. The 5 soil samples used in this study were collected in 4 tidal land reclamation projects. Regression equations were obtained in order to investigate the changes of electrical conductivity during the desalinization of reclaimed tidal lands and to estimate water requirements for desalinization. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: 1. According to USDA Salinity Laboratory classification system of salt affected soils the reclaimed tidal land soils used in this study were saline-sodic soils with the high electrical conductivity and the high exchangeable sodium percentage. 2. With the increase of the water requirements for desalinization the electrical conductivity was decreased with high degree of correlationships and the desalinization effects were remakable in both the leaching method and the rinsing method. 3. In case of the leaching method the electrical conductivity had been reduced below the classification value of salt affected soils when the depth o water leached per unit depth of soil (Dwl/Ds) was 0.3 and the desalinization effects showed a tendency to be much the same in each treatment.

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A Study on the Rinsing Control Method in the Gilding Process (도금공정에서의 세척수 제어기법에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Ki Joon
    • Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.8-15
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    • 2004
  • Gilding process make thin membrane with other metals to surface of metal and metalloid. It control the hydrogen ion and oxalic acid density with rinsing work since the process used to acid and alkali. Therefore, in this study, several control method applied the gilding process. It desired to the optimal controller and their results can be save on water resource by useful feed of rinsing. And there is quite a possibility of uniform production due to fixed control of acid and alkali. Also it can be contributed the competition power because of lower production unit cost. Especially, this control method to be developed can be applied to any process without mathematical model. And it can be changed their algorithm more easily, if control object is changed.

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Establishment of the Preparation Method on Quality Changes of Seasoned Perilla Leaves during Storage (깻잎절임의 조리조건 확립 및 품질변화)

  • Lyu, Eun-Soon;Lee, Ki-Eun;Choi, Dong-Man;Shin, Dong-Ju;Chung, Sun-Kyung
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.598-604
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    • 2007
  • Process development and standardization are necessary in maintaining high hygienicquality of side dishes. Seasoned perilla leaves are a typical side dish needing process development. In this study the optimum condition for preparing seasoned perilla leaves was investigated experimentally. The best sensory quality was established by response surface methodology. The rinsing and washing method of preparing fresh perilla leaves was optimized to decontaminate the raw material and preserve the product in chilled storage. Washing and rising with 3% salt water reduced the aerobic bacterial count of perilla leaves to 0.55 (log CFU/g), while rinsing reduced the load from 8.08 to 4.27 (log CFU/g). The effect of rinsing method was maintained during subsequent storage of the prepared seasoned leaves at $10^{\circ}C$. There was no significant quality change in the product during chilled storage at $10^{\circ}C$. Soaking in 3% salt water for 1 min, followed by rinsing with tap water, contributed positively to the microbial quality, and is proposed as the optimal preparation method.