• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2009

It is very important to know the probability distribution of water-quality constituents for water-quality control and management of rivers and reservoirs effectively. The probability distribution of BOD in Anseong Stream was analyzed in this paper using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test which is widely used goodness-of-fit method. It was known that the distribution of BOD in Anseong Stream is closer to Log-normal, Gamma and Weibull distributions than Normal distribution. Normal distribution can be partially applied depending on significance level, but Log-normal, Gamma and Weibull distributions can be used in any significance level. Also the estimated Log-normal distribution of BOD at Jinwi3 station was to be compared with the measured in 2001, 2002 and 2003 years. It was revealed that the estimated probability distribution of BOD at Jinwi3 follows a theoretical distribution very well. The applicable probability distribution of BOD can be used to explain more rigorously and scientifically the achievement or violation of target concentration in TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Load).

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.343-355
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• 2009

To elucidate the effect of a 4 week dietary supplementation with pumpkin water extract on serum lipid and fasting glucose levels, 41 female collegians residing in the Gyeonggi area were recruited. The subjects were divided into three groups: placebo-control (PC, n=11), treatment A (TA, 100 ml/day, n=13), and treatment B (TB, 300 ml/day, n=17). Total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and fasting glucose were analyzed. The average age, height, weight, and body mass index of the subjects were 21.3 years, 161.1 cm, 53.0 kg, and 20.4 $kg/m^2$, respectively. The average total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TG, and fasting glucose level (mg/dl) were 171.4${\pm}$26.1, 63.5${\pm}$11.4, 92.6${\pm}$22.9, 76.8${\pm}$32.0, and 89.1${\pm}$8.2, respectively. There were no significant differences among the three groups in any measured parameters, and between the pre- and post-study values of the all parameters. The results indicated that the 4 week pumpkin water extract supplementation (100 ml, 300 ml) did not influence the serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TG and fasting glucose level in female collegians.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.513-519
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• 2006

한국산 식용 및 야생식물의 항당뇨 효능에 대한 연구의 일환으로 본 연구에서는 동과의 ethanol 추출물을 계통분획하여 streptozotocin으로 당뇨를 유발시킨 흰쥐에게 14일간 경구투여한 후 조직의 글리코겐 함량, 단백질 함량, 지질함량 및 지질과산화에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 장기무게를 체중 100 g당 환산하였을 때 당뇨쥐의 간장, 신장 및 폐의 무게가 정상쥐에 비해 증가함을 확인할 수 있었고 췌장의 무게는 $CHCl_3$ 분획물 투여군이 당뇨대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 수치를 보였다. 간장의 글리코겐 함량은 정상군에 비해 모든 당뇨유발군에서 유의적으로 낮은 함량을 나타냈으며 $CHCl_3$ 분획물 투여군에서 증가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 근육의 글리코겐 함량은 BuOH 분획물 투여군과 water 분획물 투여군에서 당뇨대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 간장과 신장의 단백질 함량은 정상군과 모든 당뇨유발군 사이에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 폐의 단백질 함량은 $CHCl_3$ 분획물 투여군을 제외한 모든 당뇨실험군이 당뇨대조군에 비해 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 췌장의 단백질 함량은 BuOH 분획물 투여군과 water 분획물 투여군이 당뇨대조군보다도 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 간장 콜레스테롤 함량은 당뇨대조군에 비해 BuOH 분획물 투여군과 water 분획물 투여군에서 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 보였고, 간장의 중성지방 함량은 당뇨대조군에 비해 BuOH 분획물 투여군과 water 분획물 투여군 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 간장과 폐의 malondialdehyde (MDA) 힘량은 모든 당뇨유발군에서 높게 나타났으며 신장에서는 BuOH 분획물 투여군과 water 분획물 투여군에서 높게 나타났다. 췌장의 MDA함량은 BuOH 분획물 투여군과 water 분획물 투여군이 정상군보다도 낮은 수준이었다. 이상의 연구결과 STZ 유발 당뇨 흰쥐에게 동과의 BuOH 분획물과 water 분획물을 투여하였을 때 근육의 글리코겐 함량 증가, 간장의 콜레스테롤 감소 및 췌장의 지질과산화 억제에 효과가 있었으나 간장과 신장의 지질과산화를 감소시키는 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.24-33
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• 1989

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of paclobutrazol [(2 RS , 3 RS )1-(4- chlor-ophenyl )-4, 4- dimethyl -2- (1, 2, 4- triazol -1- yl )- pentan -3-01] on the tolerance of hi-gh temperature and drought stress as related to growth retardation , iranspiration rate , soil water content , nitrogen level and photosynthetic rate in perennial ryegrass ( Loliurn perenne L . ' Omega H , ). Plants were given a 30 ml soil drench of paclohutrazol at the concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.. 0, mg / 6 .5cm- diameter pot . The rcsults were as follows : 1. Increasing concentrations of paclohutrazul reduced plant height , leaf area , fresh weight and dry weight , hut increased chlorophyll content per unit area . The number of tillers and leaf width were not affected hy the paclobutrazol concentrations . 2. The proper concentration of paclohatrazol on growth retardation in perennial ryegrass was about I mq /pot , hut leaf deformity and severe growth retardation were shown at high concentration of 10 mq / pot . 3. Perennial ryegrasses grown at 30˚C were shown significantly short plant height and low leaf nitrogen level compared with those grown at 20˚C. Increasing concentrations of paclohutrazol at 20˚C increased nitrogen level hut it could not increase nitrogen level at 30˚C . 4. During the drought stress , increasing temperatures significantly promoted transpiration rate and wilting time . It took about 5 days at 20˚C and 3 days at 30˚C to reach wilting time of leaves from water stress treatment . Soil water contents at wilting time of non-treated controls were averaged 6. 871% at 20˚C and 6. 17% at 30˚C 5. Paclohutrazol reduced transpiration rate at high temperature and drought stress . Wilting appeared at the lower water content of soil according to increasing concentrations of paclobutrazol at 30˚C hut there were no differences among concentrations of at 20˚C. 6.Paclohutrazol treatment at 1 rag /pot reduced injury rate of leaves from 67.1 % and 100 % in control plants to 15.7% and 80% at 20˚C and 3010, respectively. 7. Photosynthetic rate per unit area was significantly reduced at high temperature . Paclohutrazol stimulated photosynthetic rate with increase of concentrations at 20˚C but there was no increasing effect at 30˚C.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.1429-1435
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• 2020

Applying an accurate parametric prediction model to identify abnormal or false pressurizer water levels (PWLs) is critical to the safe operation of marine pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Recently, deep-learning-based models have proved to be a powerful feature extractor to perform high-accuracy prediction. However, the effectiveness of models still suffers from two issues in PWL prediction: the correlations shifting over time between PWL and other feature parameters, and the example imbalance between fluctuation examples (minority) and stable examples (majority). To address these problems, we propose a cost-sensitive mechanism to facilitate the model to learn the feature representation of later examples and fluctuation examples. By weighting the standard mean square error loss with a cost-sensitive factor, we develop a Cost-Sensitive Long Short-Term Memory (CSLSTM) model to predict the PWL of PWRs. The overall performance of the CSLSTM is assessed by a variety of evaluation metrics with the experimental data collected from a marine PWR simulator. The comparisons with the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model and the Support Vector Regression (SVR) model demonstrate the effectiveness of the CSLSTM.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.733-741
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• 2008

The object of this study is the safety insurance of the dam to provide for the extraordinary flood. The safety insurance of the reservoir was taken by the preparatory discharge using the temporary division tunnel used during the reservoir construction. In this study, the Sungju reservoir was simulated. The existing discharge facilities of the intake tower of the Sungju reservoir could nat have influence on the flood control. When the Sungju reservoir operated to begin preparatory discharge for 48 hrs by the temporary diversion tunnel that have discharge of an 20-years frequency, the water level was lowered about 20 cm. When the Sungju reservoir operated to begin the continuous discharge after the preparatory discharge, the water level was lowered over 1m but the downstream at risk was caused by the resulted. If it is possible to operate to begin the preparatory discharge of the reservoir for 24 hrs by the temporary diversion tunnel, that will improve the flood control faculty of the reservoir without other hydraulic structure and safety of the Sungju reservoir will be higher.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.294-300
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• 1995

In aquaculture industrial field, an automatic management and control system is needed to cope with the difficulties such as expensive wage, ripe age of management worker and risk according to the unexpected change of environmental conditions in the aquarium. This paper introduces an automatic aquarium monitoring and control system. The system is developed using PC single board computer. A PC can be connected to multi-single hoard computers, and the communication between PC and single board computers is based on RS-422/485 interfacing method. The physical data of pH, DO, temperature and water level etc. are real-timely treated in the single board computer though individual transducers, transfered to the main monitoring PC through RS-422/485 communication, and those data are graphically shown on the PC monitor. Furthermore, the environmental circumstance can be monitored through the image processing system, and the emergency system can be operated under the condition of environmental incident such as electric power stoppage, DO deficiency, pump shut down and low level water etc.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2003

The current study investigated the effect of Korean safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed powder and its water and ethanol extracts on bone metabolism during recovery from rib-fracture induced by surgical operation in rats. 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 320 g were divided into 9 groups after arrival: 10d control (AIN 76 semi-purified diet), 10d safflower seed powder (10d SS-powder), 10d safflower seed ethanol extract (10d SS-EtOH), 10d safflower seed water extract (10d SS-$H_2O$), 20d control (AIN-76 semi-purified diet), 20d safflower heed powder (20d SS-powder), 20d safflower seed ethanol extract (20d SS-EtOH), 20d safflower seed water extract (20d SS-$H_2O$), and 20d sham-operation (20d sham), The dietary level for all the supplements was 5% based on the raw material weight. The rats were fed the experimental diets for 10 days before the rib fracture operation and for a further 10 or 20 days after the operation. A number 9 rib was fractured surgically and a sham-operation also performed. The rats were then sacrificed on the l0th or 20th day after the operation. The body weight initially decreased after the operation in all the rib-fractured groups, then gradually recovered. The concentrations of plasma osteocalcin were higher in the control group than in all the safflower-supplemented groups 10 and 20 days after the rib-fracture (p < 0.05). The bone-specific ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity was significantly higher in the SS-EtOH group than in the other groups 20 days after the rib-fracture (p < 0.05). The level of urinary DPD (deoxypridinoline) was significantly higher in the SS-EtOH and SS-$H_2O$ groups than in the other groups 10 days after the rib-fracture. When comparing the PTH (parathyroid hormone) and calcitonin levels, the SS-$H_2O$ group exhibited the highest PTH level among the groups 10 and 20 days after the rib-fracture. Thus, it was concluded that the bone turnover during the fracture-healing period was more rapid in the rats supplemented with safflower seed powder or its fractions than in the control rats. Furthermore, the SS-$H_2O$ fraction was identified as the most effective in stimulating bone remodeling, as bone resorption and bone formation were both significantly increased during fracture healing when compared to the control group.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2010

Background and Objective : Increasing interest in anti-aging and anti-wrinkling agents for the skin has triggered the recent outflow of researches and studies in this field. This study was designed to investigate the effects of bee venom on skin wrinkling and skin aging by testing the skin wrinkling, skin elasticity, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), free radical level, anti-oxidative agent level, and skin tissue after infusion of bee venom on hairless mouse. Materials and Methods : Fifteen hairless mice aged between 36~40 weeks were divided randomly into 3 Group; the Bee Venom Syringe Group, the Bee Venom Needle Group, and the control group. The Bee Venom Syringe Group were injected subcutaneously with bee venom (0.1cc in total) using an insulin syringe on three spots in the lumbar spine (one spot on the center and two spots 1~2cm to the side bilaterally). The Bee Venom Needle Group were pricked with bee venom-smeared acupuncture needles on three longitudinal spots in the lumbar spine each 1cm apart, after which the needles were removed 10 minutes later. The Control Group did not receive any form of intervention. All procedures took place thrice a week for four weeks, during which the mice were allowed free access to water and fodder. The mice were measured and compared in the weight, skin wrinkling scale, skin elasticity, and TEWL before and after the experiment. After the experiment, blood samples were taken to measure the free radical and anti-oxidative agent level, and the skin tissue was sliced for examination. Data was analyzed using the SPSS program (ver 12.0). The ANOVA analysis was used to compare and contrast the three groups, and t-test for paired samples was used to evaluate skin-wrinkling before and after experiment. The cut-off p-value of significance was set at p<0.05. Results : 1. Administration of bee venom did not cause serious weight loss or gain. 2. Compared to the control group, the Bee Venom Syringe Group and the Bee Venom Needle Group both showed a decrease in skin wrinkling scale after intervention. Especially, the Bee Venom Syringe Group showed a significant decrease (p<0.05). 3. Compared to the control group, the Bee Venom Syringe Group and the Bee Venom Needle Group both showed an increase in skin elasticity. Especially, the Bee Venom Syringe Group showed a significant increase (p<0.05). 4. No significant change in TEWL was found in the mice in all the three groups before and after experiment. 5. Free radical level was normal in all 15 mice in all the three groups, and anti-oxidative agent was not significantly different across the three groups. 6. The Bee Venom Syringe Group, the Bee Venom Needle Group, and the control group did not show any significant difference in the thickness of epidermis and dermis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and skin wrinkling. The epidermis layer was relatively better preserved in the Bee Venom Syringe Group as compared to the Bee Venom Needle Group and the control group. Conclusion : Direct injection of bee venom on the hairless mouse using a syringe was found to improve wrinkling of the skin and increase skin elasticity but did not show effectiveness on skin dryness due to water loss. The bee venom appears to have suppressive effects on skin wrinkling, one of the symptoms of skin aging, through a process independent of suppression of free radicals or increase of anti-oxidative agent.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2002

원자력 발전소 증기 발생기의 강한 비선형성은 수위 제어에 어려움을 가중시킨다. 또한 중기 발생기의 파라미터의 불확실성은 제어성능뿐 아니라 원자력 발전소의 안정성을 위협하는 요소이다. 또한 제어시스템의 디지털화의 효용은 이미 널리 알려진 바이다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 논문은 전력에 따라 모델의 파라미터가 불안정한 특성을 포함하는 원자력 발전소의 증기 발생기를 위한 강인 디지털 퍼지 제어기 설계기법을 제안한다. Takagi-Sugeno (TS) 퍼지 모델을 도입하여 불확실 비선형 증기 발생기의 퍼지 모델을 구성한다. 시스템의 불확실성의 영향을 억제하기 위하여 강인 퍼지 모델기반 제어기의 설계 기법을 제시한다. 설계된 등가의 아날로그 퍼지 제어기의 성능을 보장하는 동시에 효율적인 디지털 제어기를 설계하기 위하여 지능형 디지털 재설계 기법을 제안한다. 증기 발생기 수위제어의 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과로부터 제안된 가인 디지털 퍼지 제어기 설계기법의 효용성을 입증한다.