• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

Objectives : Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is bind formation of glucose and protein. Acceleration of AGE formation during hyperglycemia is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and causes kidney and skin damage. The aim of this study was investigated the AGEs inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of water extracts from young persimmon (YP) and heated young persimmon (HYP). Methods : Paeoniae Radix Alba (YP) is prepared by heating with 30% ethanol. AGEs formation inhibitory activities of YP and HYP measured using bovine serum albumin. To evaluate the protective effects of YP and HYP in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ) and methyl glyoxal (MGO), SD rats were distributed into four groups; normal mice (Nor), AGEs-induced rats (Con), AGEs-induced rats treated with 100 mg/kg YP (YP), AGEs-induced rats treated with 100 mg/kg heated YP (HYP) for 3weeks. Heated young persimmon respectively decrease AGEs construction. Results : YP and HYP administration inhibited the biomarkers of AGEs in serum, kidney and skin tissues. AGE-induced rats revealed that the significant decreased collagen however, heat processing methods of young persimmon up regulated inhibits AGEs-induced collagen decrease. The expressions of AGEs were decreased in YP and HYP treated group compared with the control group in tissues. It specifies that HYP has potential to serve as a positive regulator of via AGEs path way. Conclusion : It has proposed that may have an improvement effect on diabetic complications, heated young persimmon has AGEs inhibitory excellent activities and antioxidant effect.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.164-173
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• 2021

Recently, as underground space safety issues such as sink hole, ground subsidence and damage to old underground facilities have been increasing in urban areas, the precise management of underground facilities ins more required. Thus, this study developed a function to that, visualize on Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information a real-time survey data of underground facilities acquired on site or underground facility survey data acquired through on-site survey after underground facility exploration and developed a function convert to surveying-results. In addition, using the on-site survey performance utilization function in connection with the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information developed through this study, the surveying -results obtained with the Total-station at the water pipeline burial construction site in Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul are visualized on the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information and On-site verification was performed by converting spatial-information performance files and transmitting the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information to the mobile center. Based on this, it was possible to verify the work procedure using the surveying-results in the area where the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information was built, and to review the direction of future improvement directions.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

Objective : Gastritis refers to an inflammatory disease of the gastric mucosa. Alcohol is one of the main aggression factors, causing bleeding and inflammation in the gastric mucosa and it is known to not only increase lipid peroxide levels, but also deplete key antioxidant factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus water extract (URW) in alcohol-induced gastritis. Methods : The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of URW were confirmed through an in vitro experiment. Also, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity were confirmed. For in vivo experiments, mice were divided into 4 groups (n=8). Also, 1 hr after oral administration of each drug, 50% ethanol was orally administered to induce gastritis. Results : As a result of in vitro experiments, URW showed excellent antioxidant activity. In alcohol-induced gastritis, URW alleviated the damage to the gastric mucosa caused by alcohol. Also, URW decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and gastric tissues, and significantly decreased the expression of NADPH oxidases in gastric tissues. In addition, it significantly modulated the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-𝜅B p65 (NF-𝜅B) pathways as well as significantly increased the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins. Conclusions : These results suggest that URW not only reduces oxidative stress through excellent antioxidant activity but also relieves gastric mucosal inflammation as a regulator of Nrf2 and NF-𝜅B pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Recently, irregular torrential rainfall have frequently occurred due to abnormal climate, and landslide damage is increasing. In Korea, more than 70% of the total land is mountainous areas, appropriate measures are needed to prevent landslides by heavy rainfall. When improved soil is applied to the surface of the slope, it is possible to suppress an increase in groundwater level due to rainfall penetration and secure stability of the slope. In this study, the appropriate depth of improved soil that can confirm the increase in groundwater level and secure stability by applying improved soil to the weathered soil slope was studied. A total of three cases were analyzed for the slope of the cross-section: standard slope for weathered soil (1:1.5, 1:1.8, and 1:2.0). For rainfall conditions, referring to the regional frequency probability rainfall provided by the Water resource Management Information System, the increase in groundwater level by stage was confirmed by assuming a 500-year frequency precipitation maximum duration of 48 hours. As a result of the study, in the case of natural slopes, the slope was completely saturated before 48 hours the rainfall duration, and there was a possibility of collapse. the improvement depth in the slope of 1:1.5 was appropriate for more than 1m from the surface regardless of the rainfall duration, and in the the slope of 1:1.8 was appropriate of 1m for more than 36 hours. in the slope of 1:2.0, it was appropriate for that safety when improved soil of 0.5m for rainfall duration 48 hours or more.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.253-263
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• 2022

This study suggests a guideline for designing unit process of wastewater reuse in terms of a maintenance of the process based on critical parameters to draw a high quality performance of RO unit. Defining the parameters was done by applying membrane integrity test (MIT) in pretreatment process utilizing lab-scale MF. SDI is utilized for judging whether permeate is suitable to RO unit. However, result said TOC concentration matching with particle count analysis is better for judging the permeate condition. When membrane test pressure (P_test) was measured to derive log removal value in PDT, virgin state of membrane fiber was used to measure dynamic contact angle utilizing surface tension of the membrane fiber. Actually, foulant affects to the state of membrane surface, and it decreases the P_test value along with time elapsed. Consequently, LRV_DIT is also affected by P_test value. Thus, sensitivity of direct integrity test descends with result of P_test value change, so P_test value should be considered not the virgin state of the membrane but its current state. Overall, this study focuses on defining design parameters suitable to MF pretreatment for RO process in wastewater reuse by assessing its impact. Therefore, utilities can acknowledge that the membrane surface condition must be considered when users conduct the direct integrity test so that P_test and other relative parameter used to calculate LRV_DIT are adequately measured.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2023

Houttuynia cordata belongs to the Saururacease family and its leaves, stems, and roots have been used as oriental medicines to treat pneumonia, acute or chronic bronchitis, enteritis, and abscesses and to remove extravasated blood. Recently, the antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, and anti-proliferation activities and protection abilities of H. cordata against liver and neuron cell damage have been reported. In this study, ethanol extract and its solvent fractions (fractions of hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water residue) were prepared, and their antithrombosis, antidiabetes, antioxidant, and hemolysis activities were evaluated. The ethyl-acetate fraction of H. cordata (EF-HC) showed the highest polyphenol and flavonoids contents among the fractions and exhibited strong antithrombosis and antioxidant activities. The EF-HC at 5 mg/ml showed 2.09-folds of thrombin time, 2.19-folds of prothrombin time, and 1.69-folds of activated partial thromboplastin time compared to the their solvent control and 30.9, 19.9, and 49.6 ㎍/ml of RC₅₀ against DPPH, ABTS, and nitrite radicals, respectively. Furthermore, the EF-HC did not show any hemolytic activity up to 1 mg/ml, whereas the hexane fraction of H. cordata showed 55% hemolysis at 1 mg/ml. This is the first report of the antithrombosis activity of H. cordata. Our results suggest that quercitirin, hyperoside, orientin, and isoquercitrin in EF-HC are related to its antithrombosis and antioxidant activities and that the EF-HC could be developed as a promising antithrombosis agent.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.152-171
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• 2022

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Sunbanghwalmyung-eum gamibang on Monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods : Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 5 groups of 8 rats each. Osteoarthritis (OA) was induced by injecting MIA (2 mg/50 µl) into the joint cavity of the left knee of SD rats belonging to the experimental group, and normal saline was injected into the joint cavity of the left knee instead of MIA in the normal group. To the normal group and the controlled group (OA group), 2 ml of distilled water was orally administered. To the positive control group (Indomethacin group), indomethacin 2 ml at a concentration of 2 mg/kg, to the low concentration group of SHG (Low group), 2 ml of SHG at a concentration of 2 mg/kg, and to the high concentration group of SHG (High group), 2 ml of SHG at a concentration of 4 mg/kg ml was orally administered. The drug was administered for a total of 4 weeks, and histological changes were analyzed by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and Safranin-O staining. In addition, inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and MMP-13, TIMP-1, and GAGs were immunohistochemically analyzed. Finally, hematological examination, blood biochemical examination, and liver and kidney biopsy were performed. Results : SHG groups (Low and High) inhibited the matrix destruction and damage of the knee joint cartilage in SD rat model, and significantly prevented the reduction in cartilage thickness. In SHG groups, the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-13 were significantly decreased, and the expressions of TIMP-1, GAGs were significantly increased compared with OA group. The safety indicators had no significant differences among five groups. Conclusions : These results show that SHG has cartilage protection capacity, anti-inflammatory effect.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.5-11
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• 2023

Impulse waves generated by landslides near water bodies can lead to fatal damage to human life and surrounding infrastructure. These impulse waves are generally called landslide-impulsed waves and occur without being limited to a specific area. Recently, localized torrential rains have frequently occurred due to the influence of abnormal weather, both the frequency and scale of landslides occurring in Korea are increasing. Therefore, in this study, the experiments were conducted according to the mass ratio of the landslide models, and among the characteristics of the generated landslide-impulse waves. And the wave amplitude was observed and analyzed. In this study, a total of 75 experiments were conducted by repeating the experiment 5 times for 15 cases with mass ratios of 5 landslide models and 3 types of slope angles. As a result of experiments with different mass ratios of landslide models, if the landslides have the same initial energy, the size of the landslide-impulse waves generated by mixing granular and block forms is higher than the size of the landslide-impulse waves generated by pure granular and block landslides. It is analyzed that the size may be larger.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.23-29
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• 2023

Ground subsidence shows a mechanism in which the upper ground collapses due to the formation of a cavity due to the movement of soil particles in the ground due to the formation of a waterway because of damage to the water supply/sewer pipes. As a result, cavity is created in the ground and the upper ground is collapsing. Therefore, ground subsidence frequently occurs mainly in downtown areas where a large amount of underground facilities are buried. Accordingly, research to predict the risk of ground subsidence is continuously being conducted. This study tried to present a ground subsidence risk prediction model for two districts of ○○ city. After constructing a data set and performing preprocessing, using the property data of underground facilities in the target area (year of service, pipe diameter), density of underground facilities, and ground subsidence history data. By applying the dataset to the machine learning model, it is evaluated the reliability of the selected model and the importance of the influencing factors used in predicting the ground subsidence risk derived from the model is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.107-118
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• 2006

Among a variety of influencing components, time-variant seepage and long-term underground motion are important to understand the abnormal behavior of tunnels. Excessiveness of these two components could be the direct cause of severe damage on tunnels, however, it is not easy to quantify the effect of these on the behavior of tunnels. These parameters can be estimated by using inverse methods once the appropriate relationship between inputs and results is clarified. Various inverse methods or parameter estimation techniques such as artificial neural network and least square method can be used depending on the characteristics of given problems. Numerical analyses, experiments, or monitoring results are frequently used to prepare a set of inputs and results to establish the back analysis models. In this study, a back analysis method has been developed to estimate geotechnically hard-to-known parameters such as permeability of tunnel filter, underground water table, long-term rock mass load, size of damaged zone associated with seepage and long-term underground motion. The artificial neural network technique is adopted and the numerical models developed in the first part are used to prepare a set of data for learning process. Tunnel behavior, especially the displacements of the lining, has been exclusively investigated for the back analysis.