• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.365-367
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• 2004

Electrolyzed-acid water was used to prolong shelf life of salted Chinese cabbage during storage, Chinese cabbage was salted, washed twice with electrolyzed-acid water, packaged in high-density polyethylene film, and stored at $10^{\circ}C$. Titratable acidity, pH, color, and microbial loads of salted Chinese cabbage were measured. Treated sample showed lower pH, total microbial count, and lactic acid bacteria than those of control, whereas almost equal titratable acidity and color, Acidity of treated sample maintained lower pH value until 6 days, and remained constant thereafter, Sharp decrease in L value occured after 2 days for control, and was delayed 4-6 days for treated sample. Salted Chinese cabbage treated with electrolyzed-acid water showed lower total microbial load ($10^3\;CFU/mL$) and lactic acid bacteria ($10^1\;CFU/mL$) after washing, whereas similar loads, compared to control after 6 days. Treatment with electrolyzed-acid water maintained higher quality for salted Chinese cabbage, with limited shelf life extension.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.2313-2321
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• 2014

A concentration meter is widely used at purification plants, sewage treatment plants and waste water treatment plants to sort and transfer high concentration sludge and to control the amount of chemical input. This study has been prepared for improving efficiency of operation on sludge processes and to establish a basic for factory automation by accuracy improvement and problem solution of sludge concentration meter. The concentration meter's accuracy and stability is improved by applying multi-beam sensors and minimum deviation linear average filtering. Furthermore maintenance without cut-off of water in sludge operation is possible by detachable sensors. The performance of multi-beam concentration meter has been variously verified by the pilot plant experiment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2001

Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var. japonica have been identified as possible species for use for phytoremediation of landfills. To identify the effects of waste leachate on growth and physiological characteristics in Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var. japonica, four different treatments were applied to seedlings for 3 months: leachate solution(100% leachate), 50% dilution(50% leachate: 50% water, v/v), 75% dilution(25% leachate: 75% water, v/v) and control(tab water) were applied to these two species. Treatment with waste leachate significantly stimulated both Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var. japonica height, diameter at root collar and biomass production relative to the water control. Chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and transpiration of leachate irrigated-trees were significantly higher than those of water control. These results suggested that these two species could be suitable species for phytoremediation in landfills because these species showed good growth performance and were capable of taking up waste leachate.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1295-1299
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• 2011

This study was conducted at the organic farming fields which garlics were planted. The treatments were as follows; water of $3,850L\;ha^{-1}$ (Control), plots applied 1 time, 2 times and 3 times with sea water of $3,850L\;ha^{-1}$. In 3 times sea water treatment plot, the level of EC, Exch. Na and $Cl^-$ were 1.1, 2.1, and 3.3 times higher than control plot, respectively. Due to seawater application, the contents of inorganic elements such as T-N, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn in garlic were generally lower than Control, but not significant.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.255-259
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• 2022

Solar membrane steam generation is a very promising technology that can harvest purified water from seawater or wastewater during the current danger of running out of pure water. However, solar Membrane steam generation had direct contact with water, making it difficult to increase the efficient amount of evaporation. Here, we propose solar membrane steam generator composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and graphene oxide (GO) and improved evaporation through wettability control in part throughout the water-absorbing membrane. Wettability control has shown significant improvements in thermal localization and temperature rise in the area of heat exchange with sunlight. The evaporator has an evaporation rate of 1.54 kg m^-2 h^-1 under 1 sun irradiation. The results showed that Solar membrane steam evaporation can effectively harvest pure water through an increase in evaporation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

Objects : Apoptosis leads to the death of a cell. The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, a process regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins, plays a key role in various biological processes. The tuber of Liriope platyphylla Wang et TANG (Liliaceae), also known as Liriopis tuber, is famous in Oriental medicine owing to its tonic, antitussive, expectorant and anti-asthmatic properties. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of the Liriopis tuber on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in PC-12 cells. Method : A cytotoxic test on Liriopis Tuber water extract was conducted and another MTT assay was conducted to observe the cytoprotective effect against 4-HNE 25 ${\mu}M$ that causes oxidative stress in PC-12 cells for 24 hours. In addition, in order to observe the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein involved with apoptosis, western blot was conducted. Results : The LT water extract had no toxicity for PC-12 cell. In the cytoprotective effect against 4-HNE, both of the group treated with 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of LT water extract showed a significant increase in comparison with the control group. In Bax protein expression, all the experimental groups treated with LT water extract showed a decrease in comparison with the control group but had no significance. In Bcl-2 protein expression, all the experimental groups treated with LT water extract showed a significant increase in comparison with the control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that LT is effective in reducing apoptosis.

• International Journal of Heart Failure
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2024

Body fluid monitoring and management are essential to control dyspnea and prevent re-hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). There are several methods to estimate and monitor patient's volume status, such as symptoms, signs, body weight, and implantable devices. However, these methods might be difficult to use for reasons that are slow to reflect body water change, inaccurate in specific patients' condition, or invasive. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a novel method for body water monitoring in patients with HF, and the value in prognosis has been proven in previous studies. We aim to determine the efficacy and safety of home BIA body water monitoring-guided HF treatment in patients with chronic HF. This multi-center, open-label, randomized control trial will enroll patients with HF who are taking loop diuretics. The home BIA group patients will be monitored for body water using a home BIA device and receive messages regarding their edema status and direction of additional diuretics usage or behavioral changes through the linked application system once weekly. The control group patients will receive the usual HF management. The primary endpoint is the change in N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide levels from baseline after 12 weeks. This trial will provide crucial evidence for patient management with a novel home BIA body water monitoring system in patients with HF.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.341-353
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• 2018

A reinforced concrete pedestrian tunnel is constructed under a four-track surface railway. Heavy rainfall and soil exposure to drying lead to soil with different water content throughout the year. A railway is an open utility that is subject to rainfall without control on the quantity of the water on it and when there is a tunnel under a railway, the water content of the soil around the tunnel is very influential. This research shows the effects of change of water content in the soil around a pedestrian tunnel under a four-track surface railway. The pedestrian tunnel and the soil block around the tunnel are modeled in 3D by the FEM and are studied under the vibrations induced by the moving trains on the four-track surface railway for different soil water contents and the effects of the soil water content on the dynamic behavior of the tunnel and the surrounding soil are demonstrated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.97-100
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• 2002

So far, the water management have separately been accomplished by water supply, flood control, and environmental river management. In spite of sustainable policy of water resource development, flood & drought damage, poor water accident, and deterioration of river ecosystem have continuously occurred. It means that it is difficult to improve those problems with the present systems and institutions. So, it is time to discuss to change the present water management system of administrative sense into the one classified by the watershed in order to understand problems of water resource in the regional basis. First, a integration of similar branch office in organization and a work specialization should be driven in the government. Second, it is desirable to develop the water resources according to the inherent characteristics of the watershed.

• Water for future
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.51-59
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• 2002

In recent years the human impact on the environment becomes increasing lift threatening, calls for the better management of resources. In field of water quality of river flow, the best way to conserve water quality is specific efforts to control the pollutant loadings and treat the loadings in the basin to reduce the discharge of pollutant loadings to river. But in general the water quality influenced by the dam discharge. Especially in dry season, it is more dominant way to improve the water quality which contaminated with the pollutant loadings from the basin. The dam discharge amounts of the 2 dams in the Keum River that maintain the down stream water quality were estimated for the year of 1999, 2001, 2006, 2011, in case of irrigation and non-irrigation seasons. The pollutant loadings for the basin are estimated with the planning of treatment plants construction schedule for every sub-basins. The river flow rates were considered low flow as 2.33 year low flow and 10 year low flow. The QUAL2E model was used as a tool of simulation.