• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2008

Solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drug, sibutramine, were prepared with hydrophilic polymer, poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and organic acid, citric acid, to improve the solubility of drug. Physicochemical variation and shape of microsphere were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Microspheres containing additives showed more spherical shape than non additive microspheres. In vitro release behavior of microspheres presented at simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). The solid dispersion form transformed the drug into an amorphous state and dramatically improved its dissolution rate. These data suggest that the solid dispersion technique is an effective approach for developing the appetite depressant drug products and various pharmaceutical excipients are able to control the release behaviors.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.82-93
• /
• 2014

In recent years, "ecological river restoration" taking into account the flood control, water utilization and environmental aspects of rivers is actively being investigated. However, it is hard to understand the inhabitation conditions of living organisms that live on the river with distinct characteristics have been fully reflected, and with the use of limited methods, it ends in uniformed composition of artificial rivers and a mere customary stream channel maintenance, resulting in frequently disturbed stream channel habitats As a fundamental study for investigating the habitats of living organisms that live on rivers, this study intends to examine each habitat type by dividing domestic rivers into sand rivers and gravel rivers depending on the nature of rivers and dividing sections of each river into central river sections and natural river sections. As a result, more diverse habitat types of organisms were found in the gravel rivers rather than in the sand rivers, and the habitat types of organisms in the central river sections where the river restoration project have been already conducted reached approximately 56.3 % of those that appeared in the natural river sections.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1976

Two paddy rices and two upland rices were cultivated both in the paddy-field and in the upland in order to find out the effects of the different cultural environments on the growth and yield of the four varieties. Three plots (standard fertilizer without irrigation, standard fertilizer with irrigation and nitrogen-increased fertilizer with irrigation) were set in the upland and one plot (standard fertilizer with conventional water control) was set in the paddy-field. The weight of brown rice of paddy rices was higher in the paddy-field than in the upland, while that of upland rices was higher in the upland. The heading-date of paddy rices was later about a week in the upland than in the paddy-field. The maturity ratio and the weight of 1, 000 grains of upland were higher and heavier than those of paddy rices in both cultural conditions. The results show that it is very desirable for the culture of paddy rices to be cultivated under the upland condition, on the view point of its yield and quality compared with those of upland rices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

This article proposes a hybrid approach involved in determining the size of stormwater control facilities as part of a very large scale urban retrofit project. The objective of the proposed hybrid approach is to restore the pre-development hydrologic cycle. Firstly, an appropriate IETD is determined to isolate single storm events from the continuous rainfall record. Then, using the NRCS-CN method, direct runoff and infiltration volume are computed for every storm events. Long-term statistics of direct runoff and infiltration volume are analyzed in each case of pre-development, post development, post development with detention only, and post-development with the proposed hybrid approach. In order to preserve long-term statistics of direct runoff and infiltration volume in the case of pre-development, the size of detention and infiltration-based retention are estimated using the genetic algorithm. The result shows that the proposed hybrid approach is very useful for restoring statistics of natural direct runoff and infiltration volume.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.02a
• /
• pp.743-746
• /
• 2008

Recently, due to the effect of global warming and extreme rainfall, the magnitude of flood disaster and the frequency of flood is rapidly increasing. In order to mitigate the damage of human and property from this kind of meteorological phenomenon and manage water resources scientifically, effective operation of dam and reservoir is very important. In case of Andong dam which was not performed a flood control function needs to develop new types of dam safety management measure because of recent extraordinary flood by typhoons. In case of Andong dam and Imha dam, I am using HEC-5 model in order to apply reservoir simulation. In this case, complex conditions among 100-year floods , 200-year floods and PMF was used. Also, I modified the maximum outflow 3,800m3/s into 3,490m3/s and applied this modified discharge in order to secure freeboard in the downstream. In an analysis that I applied modified outflow by 100-year floods and 200-year floods to, the result showed that river didn't overflow in Andong area but some other places have relatively low freeboard. In the cases that I modified maximum outflow, results showed that freeboard of levee is larger than existed simulation. In the simulation that I applied 200-year floods and PMF to and under a condition connected with PMF, results showed overflowing the levees. Because of the difference between the frequency of dam outflow and the design flood in river, it is required to improve the existed flood plan in the downstream of Andong dam. As a result of this study, the optimal operation of reservoir systems can be proposed to mitigate the flood damage in the downstream of Andong dam and also can be used to establish the flood plans.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.911-919
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The baobab tree is a multipurpose, widely-used species with medicinal properties and numerous food uses. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of baobab on the formalin-induced inflammatory pain in rat model injected into the orofacial regions. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 260-280 g were used. Pain in the orofacial region was induced using two models, 5% formalin was injected $50{\mu}l$ subcutaneously or $30{\mu}l$ in temporomandibular joint (TMJ), respectively. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6); formalin, formalin after distilled water (vehicle) or baobab (150, 300 mg/kg). The number of noxious behavioral responses with scratching the facial region was recorded for 9 successive 5-min intervals following formalin injection. Results:There was no significant difference in the first response to the pain between the formalin induced group and the drug administration group. However, in the secondary infusion group, all of the pain medication were responded (Bao 150, 300 mg/kg) (p<0.05). Conclusions:The results showed analgesic effect of baobab on formalin-induced orofacial inflammatory pain. This suggests that the natural product is an effective alternative to the postinflammatory pain control.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.247-255
• /
• 2007

During the winter season in Korea, the relative humidity of greenhouse at night often exceeds 90% because air temperature inside the greenhouse is usually controlled using a heater with all of windows closed to minimize heat loss, thereby requiring the use of a dehumidifier that can maintain optimum humidity levels of $70{\sim}80%$ to provide a good growth condition of crops. Also, such a high humid condition can cause the development of a pest, such as insects, fungi or diseases. However, the use of most conventional dehumidifiers for low temperature dehumidification is limited because their performance is degraded due to frost accumulation on the evaporator coil. This study was carried out to develop a refrigeratory-based dehumidifier suitable for low temperature dehumidification in greenhouse cultivation. The developed dehumidifier consists of a condenser and an evaporator installed separately so that relative and absolute humidity levels can be reduced when air passed through the condenser and evaporator, respectively. The prototype dehumidifier showed a dehumidification capacity of $5{\sim}7kg/h$ when air with a temperature of $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of $70{\sim}95%$ came into the dehumidifier. Under the condition that either temperature or relative humidity was fixed, the amount of condensed water was proportional to the levels of both temperature and relative humidity.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.389-395
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Drying is one of the most widely used methods for preserving agricultural products or food. The main purpose of drying agricultural products is to reduce their water content for minimizing microbial spoilage and deterioration reaction during storage. Methods: Although numerous drying methods are successfully applied to dehydrate various agricultural products with little drying time, the final quality of dried samples in terms of appearance and shape cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, based on published literature, this review was conducted to study the drying characteristics of various agricultural products when different drying methods were applied. Results: An increase in the drying power of sources-for example, increase in hot air temperature or velocity, infrared or microwave power-and the combination of drying power levels can reduce the drying time of various agricultural products. In addition, energy efficiency in drying significantly relies on the compositions of the dried samples and drying conditions. Conclusions: The drying power source is the key factor to control entire drying process of different samples and final product quality. In addition, an appropriate drying method should be selected depending on the compositions of the agricultural products.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.513-519
• /
• 2010

A series of experiments were performed to study the influence of the following parameters on the physical traits and composition of swine manure compost: (1) addition of magnesium (Mg) at a molar ratio of 1.2 with respect to $PO_4$, and (2) reutilization of compost containing $MgNH_4PO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ (magnesium ammonium phosphate, MAP). Three independent batch tests were conducted for replication: batch test I-control (C) and Mg added (T), batch test II-C, T and compost recycle ($T_{R1}$), and batch test III-C, T and compost recycle ($T_{R2}$). Magnesium addition and compost reutilization had no adverse effect on the degradation of organic matter. Reuse of the compost, however, had a clear effect on the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents in the final compost. Repeated compost reutilization as a bulking material was resulted in composts rich in N and P. Upon adding the Mg supplement to the composting materials, the ortho-phosphate (OP) to TP ratio decreased due to the MAP crystallization reaction. The decrease in the OP/TP ratio and the increase in the TP content of the compost indicate that water-soluble phosphate is converted into a slow-release phosphate by the formation of crystals during composting. X-ray diffraction analysis of the irregular shaped crystals in the compost indicated that they are MAP crystals and that the crystallization of MAP begins immediately after the addition of the Mg supplement. The Mg addition to composting materials and the reutilization of compost as a bulking material would be a practical means to conserve nutrient content.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.60 no.11
• /
• pp.28.1-28.6
• /
• 2018

Background: Preventing oxidative stress in heat stressed animals may be possible by increasing antioxidant defence via exogenous administration of antioxidant substrate and/or its precursors. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Soursop juice in mitigating oxidative stress induced by heat stress in rabbit. Methods: Sixty mixed breed rabbit bucks aged 12-18 months old with the average weight of $1826{\pm}8.35$ g/rabbit, randomly allotted to experimental treatments of four replicates each, in a completely randomized design during high-temperature humidity index in Ado Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria. Soursop juice (SSJ) was administered via oral drenched daily per kg body weight (BW), to designated treatment 1 to 5; $0.55mlkg^{-1}BW$ distilled water (control), $0.55mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ, $1.11mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ, $1.67mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ and $2.22mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ, respectively. Fastened blood samples were collected at days 28 and 56, and assay for serum protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation using standard procedures. Result: Result revealed that SSJ demonstrated hypocholesterolemic effect in a dose-dependent manner throughout the study. Effect of chronic administration of SSJ to heat stressed rabbits proved beneficial, as SSJ reduced serum lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant activity over 8 weeks. Conclusion: Administration of soursop juice to heat-stressed bucks at $2.22mlkg^{-1}BW$ offered optimum antioxidant defense against oxidative stress.