• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

GABA tea which was increased of GABA by anaerobic conditions in green tea leaves) was fed in the diet to spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR). The mean systolic blood pressure of SHR fed a diet containing 1.5% GABA tea after 3 weeks was not different with zero day as 177.3mmHg. However, 1.5% green tea and control after 3 weeks were more increased 4.2 percents and 10 percents than in zero day. The plasma levels of aldosterone of SHR fed a diat containing 1.5% GABA green tea after 3 weeks was more decreased 2.5 times than in water treatment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

Background: Cyanazine is used as a pre-emergent herbicide once during the growing season to control weeds of many upland crops worldwide. This study aimed to establish a method to determined cyanazine residue levels in major medicinal crops by using high performance liquid chromatography-UV detection/mass spectometry (HPLC-UVD/MS). Methods and Results: Cyanazine residue was extracted with acetone from the raw products of four representative medicinal plants - Scutellaria baicalensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Platycodon grandiflorum and Angelica gigas. The extract was diluted with a large volume of saline water and directly partitioned into dichloromethane to remove polar co-extractives in the aqueous phase. It was then purifined using optimized Florisil column chromatography. HPLC analysis conducted using an octadecylsilyl column allowed the successful separation of cyanazine from co-extractives of the samples, and the amount was sensitively quantified by ultraviolet absorption at 225 nm with no interference. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method were validated by conducting recovery experiments on each medicinal crop sample fortified with cyanazine at two concentration levels per crop in triplicate. Conclusions: The mean recoveries ranged from 91.2% to 105.3% for the four representative medicinal crops. The coefficients of variation were less than 10%, irrespective of the sample types and fortification levels. The limit of quantification of cyanazine was 0.02 mg/kg as verified by the recovery experiment. A confirmatory method was performed by liquid chromatography/MS using selected-ion monitoring technique to clearly identify the suspected residue.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2012

Guava ($Psidium$ $guajava$) contain a great deal of polyphenol compound and work on the treatment of $Diabetes$ $mellitus$ effectively. In this study, the bioactivities of aqueous extract (GLEx) of guava leaf were investigated. Total phenolic contents of GLEx was 266.9 mg tan/g. The effects of GLEx on digestive enzymes, ${\alpha}$-amylase, maltase and sucrase were investigated. $IC_{50}$ values of GLEx against ${\alpha}$-amylase, maltase and sucrase were 0.65 mg/$m{\ell}$, 2.0 mg/$m{\ell}$ and 3.5 mg/$m{\ell}$ respectively. The effect of GLEx on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in normal ICR mouse, control (dstilled water) and GLEx (aqueous extract of Guava leaf) were co-administered orally with glucose, showed reducing effect on the blood glucose level. The guava is likely to useful for prevention or improvement of hyperglycemia by lowering the blood glucose level and inhibiting glycoside hydrolase activity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of Picrorrhizae Rhizoma (PR) aqueous extracts on the formalin-induced paw chronic inflammation in mice. Methods: PR extracts (500, 250 and 125mg/kg) or distilled water (DW) were orally administered once a day for 10 days to formalin-injected chronic inflammatory mice. The paw thicknesses and volumes were measured daily and the paw wet-weight and histological profiles were conducted at termination with paw tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ contents measurement. The anti-inflammatory effects of PR extracts were compared with dexamethasone. Results: In DW treated control group, the paw thickness, paw wet-weights and paw TNF-${\alpha}$ contents were markedly increased. Severe chronic inflammation signs such as severe fibrosis, the formation of necrotic debris, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were detected in histopathological observations. However, these formalin-induced changes were dramatically decreased by treatment of dexamethasone and all three different dosages of PR extracts. The anti-inflammatory effects of PR at highest dose were slighter than that of dexamethasone, but it did not show any harmful effects on the body weight contrary to dexamethasone. Conclusion: These results suggest that PR extracts have safe and favorable effects on formalin-induced chronic inflammation.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.74-81
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• 2008

Due to separate discharge of food waste, large incinerating facilities for municipal waste show the phase change that combustible contents have been increasing while the concentrations of water have been decreasing when wastes are brought in. This phase change of wastes leads to the increase of exothermic value when wastes are carried in, which causes the problems to make the durability of incinerating facilities weak and lower the capacities of them. In accordance with these problems, this study was carried out to present effective plans to operate incinerating facilities as the quantities of municipal wastes of Incheon have been gradually increasing. We examined the problems caused by the phase change of municipal waste in Incheon and managing plans to control the amounts of heat output when intermixed incineration of food waste is conducted. It is concluded that we could carry out the optimized operation of incinerating facilities as well as produce economic effect to reduce processing costs when we conduct the intermixed incineration of food waste and municipal waste, in the trend that the amounts of heat output generated by wastes are gradually increasing. This is because this operation of intermixing incineration contributes to reducing the amount of exothermic heat.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1369-1376
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• 2006

Self-organized nanogels were prepared from pullulan/biotin conjugates (PU/Bio) for the development of an effective anticancer drug delivery system. The degree of biotin substitution was 11, 19, and 24 biotin groups per 100 anhydroglucose units of pullulan. The physicochemical properties of the nanogels (PU/Bio1, 2 and 3) in aqueous media were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The mean diameter of all the samples was less than 300 nm with a unimodal size distribution. The critical aggregation concentrations (CACs) of the nanoparticles in distilled water were $2.8{\times}10^{-2},\;1.6{\times}10^{-2}$, and $0.7{\times}10^{-2}mg/ml$ for the PU/Bio1, 2, and 3, respectively. The aggregation behavior of the nanogels indicated that biotin can perform as a hydrophobic moiety. To observe the specific interaction with a hepatic carcinoma cell line (HepG2), the conjugates were labeled with rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC) and their intensities measured using a fluorescence microplate reader. The HepG2 cells treated with the fluorescence-labeled PU/Bio nanoparticles were strongly luminated compared with the control (pullulan). Confocal laser microscopy also confirmed internalization of the PU/Bio nanogels into the cancer cells. Such results demonstrated that the biotin in the conjugate acted as both a hydrophobic moiety for self-assembly and a tumor-targeting moiety for specific interaction with tumor cells. Consequently, PU/Bio nanogels would appear to be a useful drug carrier for the treatment of liver cancer.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

The effect of additives on the quality of ssamjang was investigated during storage. The L-, a- and b-values of ssamjang decreased gradually during storage, and the total color difference (${\Delta}E$) increased in the control group. The gas production of ssamjang was reduced in K-sorbate, alcohol and mustard added groups. The number of yeast increased rapidly up to 6 weeks of storage, then decreased in the mustard, alcohol, and K-sorbate added groups. The oxidation-reduction potential and water activity decreased until 6 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively, and then increased gradually. Titratable acidity increased with concomitant decrease in pH, however, it increased slightly in the K-sorbate and ethanol added groups. Reducing sugar content increased until 9 weeks of storage, except the turmeric added group. Alcohol content increased until 15 weeks in the Japanese apricot juice, and turmeric added group. The sensory test result for the taste, flavor and overall acceptability showed that mustard added ssamjang was more acceptable than other groups.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.29-37
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• 2011

Effect of rice straw mat and wood shaves on the reduction of runoff and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution loads from field plots were experimentally studied. Three runoff plots of $5{\times}22$ m in size and 3 % in slope were prepared on a loamy sand field. Each plot was equipped with a flume to measure runoff and collect water samples. Experimental treatments of surface cover were bare, wood shaves (1,000 kg/ha) and rice straw mat cover (3,000 kg/ha). Under radish was cultivation. During the growing season of the radish, three rainfall-runoff events were monitored. Effect of wood shaves and straw mat cover on runoff reduction was 4~30 % and 33~75 % respectively compared to control. The effect on NPS pollution reduction was 36.8 and 64.3 % in BOD, 41.1 and 80.8 % in SS, 34.0 and 56.1 % in TP and 28.0 and 56.6 % in TN respectively. It was analyzed that the reduction of runoff and NPS pollution were mainly contributed by the decrease of rainfall energy impact and flow velocity and the increase of infiltration due to the surface cover materials. Rice straw mat showed very stable soil cover while large portion of wood shaves were lost during heavy storm events. It was concluded that straw mat was an efficient cover material to reduce NPS pollution from upland fields.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to be contributory factors in complications of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we investigated the generation of superoxide, the lipid peroxide level measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, the vasorelaxation of isolated thoracic aorta and the iNOS expression in kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, ascorbate (400 mg/kg rat weight daily in drinking water), diabetic (single dose of 50 mg of STZ/kg i.p.) and diabetic simultaneously fed with ascorbate for 12 wk. Rats in groups were studied at tri-weekly intervals (0 to 12 wk). Diabetic rats were evaluated periodically with changes of plasma glucose levels and body weight. The ascorbate supplimentation attenuated the development of hyperglycemia and weight loss induced by STZ injection in rats. In the present experimental condition, the ascorbate supplimentation had no significant effect on plasma glucose levels and changes in body weight of normal rate. The superoxide generation, formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and iNOS expression in kidney were significantly increased in STZ-treated rats that were decreased by ascorbate supplimentation. The ascorbate supplimentation had no effect on vasorelaxation of isolated thoracic aorta. These results indicate that ascorbate supplimentation may exert an inhibitory effect on STZ-induced oxidative tissue damage through protection of pancreatic islet cells by scavanging reactive oxygen species. The ascorbate supplimentation may possibly attenuate the renal complication of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.312-315
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• 2012

In this study, the model which can predict the quality of effluent has been implemented through multiple regression analysis to use operation data of a sewage treatment plant, to which a media process is applied. Multiple regression analysis were carried out by cases according to variable selection method, removal of outliers and log transformation of variables, with using data of one year of 2011. By reviewing the results of predictable models, the accuracy of prediction for $COD_{Mn}$ of treated water of secondary clarifiers was over 0.87 and for T-N was over 0.81. Using this model, it is expected to set the range of operating conditions that do not exceed the standards of effluent quality. In conclusion, the proper guidance on the effluent quality and energy costs within the operating range is expected to be provided to operators.