• 제목/요약/키워드: water contents

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추출방법에 따른 미숙사과 추출물의 유용성분 함량 및 항산화 활성 (Effective Component Contents and Antioxidative Activities of Unripe Apple by Extraction Methods)

  • 홍정진;설희경;오주열;정은호;장영호
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.174-180
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum extraction method suitable for the availability of biological activities in unripe apples known to be rich in functional components. Unripe apples 'Hongro' picked on May 28th, 2019 were extracted by various extraction methods (hot water, ethanol, enzymatic pre-treatment, ultrasonic wave, and subcritical water) and their extracts were investigated yield, effective component contents, and antioxidant activities. Overall, the yields by the extraction solvent were higher in water than in organic solvent(ethanol) because water-soluble compounds were eluted from a polar solvent. Total phenol contents of the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extracts were significantly higher in 6 times than hot water extract. Contents of flavonoid were highest in the ethanol extract at 29.14 mg QE/g. Contents of tannin and ursolic acid were also significantly higher in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. The DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activities were the strongest in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. Correlation between effective components and antioxidant activities was high in the total phenol content with ABTS and the ursolic acid content with DPPH (p<0.01). The above results suggested that ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract of unripe apples has the potential to act as a functional material.

소금 첨가량에 따른 닭 육수의 무기질 함량 특성 - 고압 가열 추출 방식 이용 - (The Mineral Contents of Chicken Stock according to Salt Contents - Using a High-Pressure Extraction Cooking -)

  • 김동석;김종석;최수근
    • 한국조리학회지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.283-291
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    • 2008
  • The present study is purposed to suggest accurate guidelines for developing standardized chicken meat stock containing salt, and to develop a product for mass production of uniform quality achieved by applying High Pressure Extraction Cooking(HPEC) using a high.pressure extractor. Through this study, we examined water contents, ash contents, salinity, turbidity and mineral contents of chicken meat stock according to the addition of salt. The ash contents increased with the increase of the addition of salt, but the water contents decreased with the increase of the addition of salt. Salinity increased with the increase of the addition of salt. Turbidity decreased with the increase of the addition of salt, and difference in turbidity according to the addition of salt was regular. Among mineral contents, Na showed the highest content, which was believed to be because of the addition of salt, and it was followed by K and P. The results of this study show that the mineral contents in the stock were different according to the addition of salt, but they were neither proportional to the addition of salt nor showed a regular pattern.

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濟州道 韓林邑의 부채 仙人掌群落에 있어서 環境要因과 物質生産에 관한 硏究 (A Study on the Environmental Factors and Matter Production in Opuntia lanceolata Communities in Hanrim-Eup, Jeju-Do)

  • Chang, Nam-Kee;Heui-Baik Kim;In-Ja Kim
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 1983
  • Jeju-Do is a volcanic island of which climate is very warm and humid, but Opuntia lanceolata Haw, showing CAM metabolism is growing at Wolyung-Ri, Hanrim-Eup, Jeju-Do. Annual productivity of Opuntia was 696.47g/m2/yr and 533.47g/m2/yr at two populations on the seashore respectively and 414.92g/m2/yr on the basalt wall of a village. Stem area index was 13.74, 6.93, and 9.30 at each population which are higher values than average range of leaf area index. The standing crop was the highest at the second cladode from the cladode showed little difference at most chemical properties of P, K, Ca and Na. Total nitrogen contents were the most at the youngest cladode and the lest at the oldest one. Soils were infertile of which organic contents were 1.5% and 5.0% on the seaside and the basalt wall respectively. The soil on the basalt wall contained little water whose water contents were 0.9% and at seashore population 15.12% of water contents were. Furthermore high exchangeable Na contents in soil added waer deficiency.

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일부 무기질의 생수 중 함량 분석과 생수를 통한 섭취량 평가 (Mineral Contents in Bottled Natural Water and Estimation of Their Intake by Korean Adults)

  • 김무경;심진아;엄희정;김명희;최미경
    • 대한영양사협회학술지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.116-121
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    • 2010
  • Minerals play an important role in the body as essential nutrients. However, it is not easy to meet DRIs because food sources of minerals are limited. Recently, consumption of bottled natural water has been increasing in Korea due to water pollution and distrust of tap water. The present study was conducted to investigate mineral contents in bottled natural water and their intakes among Korean adults. We analyzed eight minerals in seven kinds of bottled natural water by ICP-spectrometry and conducted a survey on the intake status of water and bottled natural water with 400 Korean young adults. The mean contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, and Mo in bottled natural water were 22.45${\pm}$22.48 mg/L, 10.59${\pm}$9.97 mg/L, 0.27${\pm}$0.18 ${\mu}g/L$, 2.06${\pm}$1.48 ${\mu}g/L$, 5.47${\pm}$0.70 ${\mu}g/L$, 1.43${\pm}$0.37 ${\mu}g/L$, 1.90${\pm}$0.96 ${\mu}g/L$, and 3.34${\pm}$0.79 ${\mu}g/L$, respectively. The mean age, height, weight, and BMI were 22.76 years, 174.94 cm, 68.64 kg, and 22.41 $kg/m^2$ for males (n=150) and 21.25 years, 162.04 cm, 51.05 kg, and 19.46 $kg/m^2$ for females (n=250), respectively. The respective daily intakes of total water and bottled natural water as water itself were 670.30 ml and 212.20 ml for males and 488.04 ml and 132.72 ml for females. The daily intakes of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, and Mo from bottled natural water were 4.76 mg, 2.25 mg, 0.06 ${\mu}g$, 0.44 ${\mu}g$, 1.16 ${\mu}g$, 0.30 ${\mu}g$, 0.40 ${\mu}g$, and 0.71 ${\mu}g$ for males and 2.98 ${\mu}g$, 1.41 mg, 0.04 ${\mu}g$, 0.27 ${\mu}g$,0.73 ${\mu}g$, 0.19 ${\mu}g$,0.25 ${\mu}g$, and 0.44 ${\mu}g$ for females, respectively. Overall, the contents of Ca, Mg, and Se in bottled natural water were relatively high and the daily intakes of these minerals were 0.4~1.0% of the DRIs.

탄산수로 재배한 콩나물의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Soybean Sprouts Cultivated with Carbonated water)

  • 황태영
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.428-432
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    • 2012
  • 본 실험은 탄산수를 재배용수로 사용하였을 때 탄산수가 콩나물의 생육특성인 수량, 개체 중량, 길이 및 두께와 비타민 C, isoflavone과 같은 유용성분에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 제주산 준저리 품종의 콩 100 g을 불린 후 $22{\pm}1^{\circ}$에서 탄산수(pH 4.6)와 음용수(pH 7.8)로 6일간 재배하였다. 탄산수로 6일간 재배한 콩나물의 수율은 255.1 g으로 음용수로 재배한 대조구의 176.1 g에 비해 약 1.45배 높게 나타났으며, 중량은 $0.91{\pm}0.205$ g으로 1.3배 높게 나타났다. 길이도 $15.11{\pm}1.592$ cm로 대조구의 $12.92{\pm}1.914$ cm에 비해 1.2배 높았다. 콩나물의 두께는 탄산수로 재배한 경우와 대조구가 유사하였다. 탄산수로 재배한 콩나물의 비타민 C 함량은 1.13 mg% 로 대조구에 비해 약 2배 정도 높게 나타났다. 탄산수로 재배한 경우 genistein이 $11.7{\pm}0.14{\mu}g/g$, daidzein이 $74.7{\pm}0.35{\mu}g/g$로 대조구의 genistein과 daidzein함량이 각각 $8.4{\pm}0.08{\mu}g/g$$64.9{\pm}0.05{\mu}g/g$ 보다 높게 나타났다. Daidzein과 genistein의 함량비율은 탄산수로 재배한 경우 6.4인데 반해 대조구는 7.7로 다소 높게 나타났다. 이와 같이 탄산수로 재배한 콩나물에서 수량과 길이, 중량, 두께 등 생장이 효율적이고 비타민 C, isoflavone 같은 유효성분 함량이 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났다.

마산만의 환경학적 연구 1. 물리적 특성과 화학 성분함량에 대하여 (Environmental Studies on Masan Bay 1. Physical Factors and Chemical Contents)

  • 김종만;한상준;이종화
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 1976
  • 해양물리적인 환경요인 및 해양화학적인 환경요인은 해양생태계의 주요 구성요인 이다. 육상 환경요인은 보통 1일을 주기 또는 1년을 주기로 그 변화폭이 심한데 비하여 해양환경요인의 변화폭은 작고 지속적인 것이 특징이다. 해양생물체는 상기와 간은 변화폭이 작은 환경요인에 적응진화하였다. 따라서 산업활동이나 도시폐수 등의 직접적인 해수내 유입은 환경요인의 변화폭을 갑자기 변화시켜 해양환경에 균형이 깨지어 생물체에 중대한 영향을 미치게 된다. 마산만은 진해만의 일부분으로 내만으로 되어있으며 주변 임해공업단지에 의한 공장폐수와 도시인구의 증가에 의한 오염여부 및 오염정도에 대한조사연구가 시급하다 하겠다.

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이중 내부구조를 갖는 도자기보틀 (Ceramic Bottle Having Dual Structure)

  • 김석호
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.92-99
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    • 2008
  • 대부분의 기존 도자기보틀(bottle)은 입구가 상부를 향하고 있어 입구가 외부에 노출되기 때문에 발생하는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 보안하여 이중 내부구조를 갖는 보틀을 제작하였다. 이 보틀은 컵 등에 따라질 내용물을 수용하며 하부에 입구를 갖는 수용부와 수용부와 연결되는 다수개의 구멍을 상부에 가지며 수용부의 둘레에 형성되어 내용물을 저장하는 저장부를 포함하며 수용부의 입구의 끝단이 바닥 표면에 맞닿는 저장부의 하부면 보다 상부에 위치하도록 구성된다. 이 보틀은 입구가 하부 쪽을 향하도록 이중 내부구조로 구성함으로써 이물질 등의 유입을 방지할 뿐만 아니라 알코올 성분의 발산을 억제할 수 있어 알코올 성분을 갖는 제품을 비롯한 내용물의 장기 보관이 가능하다. 또한 연결구멍을 통한 수용부에 의해 한 잔에 해당하는 일정량의 내용물을 컵 등에 항상 따를 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 앞서 설명한 바와 같은 종래기술의 문제점을 해결하여 보다 편리하고 실용적인 보틀을 만드는데 그 목적이 있다.

Distribution of Nutrients in Dae-Cheong Reservoir Sediment

  • Hwang Jong Yeon;Han Eui Jung;Kim Tae Kehn;Kim Shin Jo;Yu Soon Ju;Yoon Young Sam;Jung Yong Soon;Park Pan Wook
    • Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.169-179
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    • 1998
  • This paper was performed to estimate interrelations between humus level of sediments and nutrient release from sediments in Dae-cheong reservoir. For investigations, sediments were sampled in June and October, in 1997 at fish farms, embayment, and the main stream of Dae-cheong reservoir. Items for investigation are as follows; water content, weight loss on ignition(IG), porosities of sediments, contents of element such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and nutrient release rates. Water contents and porosities were measured to conjecture the physical trait and grain size trait. Weight loss on ignition was measured to determine the contents of organic substance. For determination of the humus level of sediments, carbon and nitrogen contents were measured by elemental analyzer. As a result of elemental analysis, C/N ratio was determined in the range of $3.0\~13.1$. From the elemental analysis, humus level of Dae-cheong reservoir sediment was estimated from mesohumic state to oligotrophic state. For the determination of nutrient release rate, $PO_4-P$ and $NH_4-N$ concentrations of interstitial water and overlying water were measured. By using the concentration difference between interstitial water and overlying water and using the Fick's diffusion law, the release rates of phosphorus and nitrogen from the sediment samples were calculated. Release rates of nutrients which directly influence to the water quality were $0.05\~8.63mgP/m^2day$ and $4.99\~36.56mgP/m^2day$. It was found that release rate was measured higher in the 1st sampling period than in the 2nd sampling period. For the determination of phosphorus content in sediment, TPs were measured in 807\~1542{\mu}g/g$ in the 1st samling period and $677\~5238{\mu}g/g$ in the End samling period. Phosphorus release rate and phosphorus content were not interrelated each other.

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경량기포혼합토의 축변형율 - 체적변형율 관계 (Axial strain - Volumetric strain Relationship of Light-Weighted Foam Soil)

  • 김주철;김병탁;윤길림;서인식
    • 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.853-860
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    • 2003
  • Relationship between axial strain and volumetric strain of Light-Weighted Foam Soil (LWFS) are investigated. LWFS is composed of the dredged soil from offshore, cement and foam to reduce the unit weight and also increase compressive strength. For this purpose. the triaxial compression tests are carried out on the prepared specimens of LWFS with various conditions such as initial water contents, cement contents, and curing stresses, The test results of LWFS Indicated that the axial strain - volumetric strain relationship is almost linearity with increase cement contents and the unit weight but the relationship is non-linearity with decrease cement contents and the unit weight. In this study, it is found that assuming no change of cross section area of LWFS, axial strain occurring the poisson's ratio of zero, that the axial strain same to volumetric strain, steeply increases with decrease the unit weight, initial water content, and cement contents.

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물 혼합에 의한 메탄-공기 예혼합기의 연소(2)-연소속도 비교 (Combustion in Methane-Air Pre-Mixture with Water Vapor(2)-Comparison of Burning Velocity)

  • 권순익
    • 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.137-142
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    • 2009
  • Burning velocity of methane-air mixtures with water vapor have been measured to study the process of flame propagation using schlieren photographs and computation. The computations were carried out for the burning velocity using premix code of Chemkin program to compare the experimental results. The quantity of water vapor contained were changed 5% and 10% of total mixtures, and equivalence ratio of mixtures between 0.8 and 1.2 were tested under the ambient temperature 323K and 373K. The results showed little difference between these two methods, the burning velocity was decreased by increasing the water vapor contents due to the interruption of flame development. And, the effect of ambient temperature was less significant by increasing the water contents on the burning velocity.

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