• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.163-177
• /
• 2019

This study aims to review the relations between the dyeing conditions (i.e., dye concentration, addition amounts of salt and alkali, and dyeing temperature) and dyeing properties and color fastness to light for identifying the optimal dyeing conditions when dyed regenerated woody fibers were obtained through the defibration of waste medium density fiberboard (MDF) using reactive Red H-E3B (Bis-monochlorotriazine (MCT)/MCT type) and reactive Red RB133% (Bis-MCT/Vinyl sulphone type). The dyeing yield (K/S) obtained using two types of reactive dyes increased as the dye concentration increased by 1-10% (on the weight of fiber (OWF)). In addition, the K/S of H-E3B was higher than that of RB133% irrespective of the dye concentration. The color difference of H-E3B after ultraviolet (UV) radiation was lower than that of RB133%, denoting good resistance to discoloration by UV. As the amount of sodium sulfate increased, the color difference and K/S also increased, and the adequate salt content was determined to be 50-70 g/L. Further, the color difference and K/S significantly increased only the addition of 2 g/L of sodium carbonate; however, almost no difference was observed when more than 2 g/L of sodium carbonate was added. The addition amount of sodium carbonate was adequate 5-10 g/L to dyeing the fiber and the pH at this addition level was 10. The dyeing yield of H-E3B increased when the dyeing temperature increased; however, it subsequently decreased after the dyeing temperature became $80^{\circ}C$. The dyeing yield of RB133% was almost the same up to $60-70^{\circ}C$ but declined subsequently. Thus, the adequate temperatures were $80^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ for H-E3B and RB133%, respectively. If the waste MDF woody fiber was dyed under the aforementioned optimal conditions, dyed regenerated woody fiber can be obtained having the following colors: 1.5 to 2.0R with the H-E3B dye and 9.6 to 10.0 PR with RB133%.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2008

Polar amino groups of the waste SS(silk-sericin) were modified by two isocyanate compounds of MOI[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl isocyanate] and AOI [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl isocyanate]. When the MOISS (MOI-modified silk sericin) or AOISS(AOI-modified silk sericin) was pressed hot, vinyl groups in the MOI or AOI were polymerized and then the flexible and transparent films were obtained. Tensile moduli and strengths of the MOISS films were significantly improved as the MOI contents increased. By the addition of the isocyanate compounds, silk sericin films exhibited lower solubility to the distilled water($80^{\circ}C$) and also lower swell ratio to the distilled water(room temperature). In the effect of tensile properties and restraining the water swelling, MOI was better than AOI. BOD(biochemical oxygen demand)/TOD(theoretical oxygen demand) of the pure sericin film was almost 100% perfect level after 10 days immersion into the activated sludge. With increasing isocyanate content reacted with polar amino groups, BOD/TOD decreased. When more than 50 mol% of polar amino groups remained unreacted, sericin films could retain more biodegradability. Comparing with MOI from the viewpoint of biodegradability, AOI was more effective.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 2011

Modem society has reached the level where its environmental pollution is in a critical stage, and socio-political focus has been moved onto the minimization of environmental pollution. In the fashion industry, ethical production and consumption for the global protection has become the value to aim for. The purpose of this study is to establish the concept of redesigned fashion, which is a type of designing method designed to reduce global waste, and conduct a case studies on it to analyze its patterns. Environmental-friendly redesigned fashion concept is about remaking a fashion with totally different function, using disposed and wornout items from everyday lives. It is a fashion design minimizing raw materials and reducing industrial wastes. The types of redesigned fashion may be divided into three patterns: first, there is a method to recreate collar, sleeves, cuffs, pocket and other usable pieces of old clothing to make a new one. Second method is about taking out usable parts of textile from various old clothing and make a new one with patchwork method. Third is about making a purse or fashion accessories using paper, vinyl, aluminum can or worn out leather. Fourth is about making a new artistic fashion by applying tearing, punching, fringing, mashing, and layering techniques. This study aim5 to help in spreading out and applying systematic practice of redesigned fashion for companies, and elaborate the sense of social responsibility for customers, and vitalize the fashion studies for redesigned fashion in academic sense.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 2008

Many building materials may contain high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other hazardous pollutants(HAPs). Specifically, VOCs discharged by indoor building material may cause "new house" syndrome, atopic dermatitis etc. The diffusion coefficient and initially contained total VOC quantity were determined using microbalance experiments and small chamber tests. Interactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and vinyl flooring (VF), a relatively homogenous, diffusion-controlled building material, were characterized. Rapid determination of the material/air partition coefficient (K) and the material-phase diffusion coefficient (D) for each VOC was achieved by placing thin VF slabs in a dynamic microbalance and subjecting them to controlled sorption/desorption cycles. K and D are shown to be independent of concentration for all of the VOCs and water vapor. This approach can be applied to other diffusion-controlled materials and should facilitate the prediction of their source/sink behavior using physically-based models.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2008

The effects of calcium type catalysts addition on the thermal decomposition of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin have been studied in a thermal analyze. (TGA, DSC) and a small batch reactor. The calcium type catalysts tested were calcinated dolomite, lime, and calcinated oyster shell. As the results of TGA experiments, pyrolysis starting temperature for LDPE varied in the range of $330{\sim}360^{\circ}C$ according to heating rate, but EVA resin had the 1st pyrolysis temperature range of $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ and the 2nd pyrolysis temperature range of $425{\sim}525^{\circ}C$. The calcinated dolomite enhanced the pyrolysis rate in LDPE pyrolysis reaction, while the calcium type catalysts reduced the pyrolysis rate in EVA pyrolysis reaction. In the DSC experiments, addition of calcium type catalysts reduced the melting point, but did not affect to the heat of fusin. Calcinated dolomite reduced 20% of the heat of pyrolysis reaction. In the batch system experiments, the mixing of calcinated dolomite and lime enhanced the yield of fuel oil, but did not affect to the distribution of carbon numbers.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.303-309
• /
• 2009

The effects of zeolite type catalysts addition on the thermal decomposition of low density polyethylene(LDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) resin have been studied in a thermal analyzer(TGA, DSC) and a small batch reactor. The zeolite type catalysts tested were natural zeolite, FCC catalyst, used FCC catalyst, and catalyst A. As the results of TGA experiments, addition of antifogging-agent decreased the pyrolysis point to $250^{\circ}C$, but addition of longevity-agent and clay reduced the pyrolysis rate in EVA resin. Addition of the zeolite type catalysts in the LDPE resin increased the pyrolysis rate in the order of catalyst A > used FCC catalyst > natural zeolite > LDPE resin. Addition of the zeolite type catalysts in the EVA resin increased the pyrolysis rate in the order of used FCC catalyst > natural zeolite > catalyst A > EVA resin. In the DSC experiments for LDPE resin, addition of zeolite type catalysts decreased the melting point and the heat of pyrolysis reaction in the order of catalyst A > used FCC catalyst > natural zeolite> LDPE resin. In the batch system experiments, the mixing of natural zeolite enhanced the yield of liquid fuel oil.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.55
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2005

This research was performed to investigate the generation and physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid wastes in the east coast of gangwon. The results were as follows: i) The generation rate of G city and Y gun were 0.187-0.384 $\cal{kg/cap/d}$ and 0.136-0.259 $\cal{kg/cap/d}$. Apparent density of G city and Y gun were 137.9-191.9 g/L and 157.3-238.3 g/L, respectively. ii) The wastes consisted of $76.1-97.5\%$ of combustibles and $2.5-23.9\%$ of incombustibles in G city. And the wastes consisted of $73.7-98.6\%$ of combustibles and $1.4-26.3\%$ of incombustibles in Y gun. Most of municipal solid wastes are composed of food, paper, and vinyl-plastics waste. Water content of commercial area, agricultural resident, detached resident, apartment area, school zone were 42.5-45.9, 37.6-43.4, 32.4-38.4, 29.3-32.3, $6.8-26.9\%$, respectively. iii) The low heating value of G city and Y gun were 1,125.5-2,540.7 $\cal{kcal/kg}$, 1,104.4-2,062.3 $\cal{kcal/kg}$, and school and apartment area were higher than commercial area.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2020

In this paper, an automatic dewatering system for drying water from umbrellas is proposed. In the past, there were problems that users had to put on plastic for removing the water from umbrella by covering it with a plastic or using a water dryer that removes water by manually touching the umbrella to the water surface. But this method was hard to expect. To solve these problems, an air compressor was used to develop a system to remove water from the umbrella by detecting the weight of the umbrella with pressure sensor when the user puts the umbrella into the dewatering machine and driving the motor. It is expected that this invention will have economic and environmental effects by eliminating the use of waste vinyl.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.372-385
• /
• 2014

Lignin is an abundant natural polymer in the biosphere and second only to cellulose; however, it is under-utilized and considered a waste. In this study, lignin was fabricated into nanofibers via electrospinning. The critical parameters that affected the electrospinnability and morphology of the resulting fibers were examined with the aim to utilize lignin as a resource for a new textile material. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was added as a carrier polymer to facilitate the fiber formation of lignin, and the electrospun fibers were deposited on polyester (PET) nonwoven substrate. Eleven lignin/PVA hybrid solutions with a different lignin to PVA mass ratio were prepared and then electrospun to find an optimum concentration. Lignin nano-fibers were electrospun under a variety of conditions such as various feed rates, needle gauges, electric voltage, and tip-to-collector distances in order to find an optimum spinning condition. We found that the optimum concentration for electrospinning was a 5wt% PVA precursor solution upon the addition of lignin with the mass ratio of PVA:lignin=1:5.6. The viscosity of the lignin/PVA hybrid solution was determined as an important parameter that affected the electrospinning process; in addition, the interrelation between the viscosity of hybrid solution and the electrospinnability was examined. The solution viscosity increased with lignin loading, but exhibited a shear thinning behavior beyond a certain concentration that resulted in needle clogging. A steep increase in viscosity was also noted when the electrospun system started to form fibers. Consequently, the viscosity range to produce bead-free lignin nanofibers was revealed. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed that lignin remained after being transformed into nanofibers. The results indicate the possibility of developing a new fiber material that utilizes biomass with resulting fibers that can be applied to various applications such as filtration to wound dressing.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.28 no.12
• /
• pp.1199-1208
• /
• 2019

Korea's protected horticulture is rapidly increasing in scale due to various advantages such as year-round harvesting, labor savings through automation and shortened culture period, and greater income generation. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of protected horticulture on water quality. The results of this study are expected to provide basic data contributing to improvements towards sustainable agriculture and eco-friendly design of protected horticulture complex. The average T-N and T-P loads from vinyl greenhouses were 286.55± 143.98 mg/L and 59.14±13.77 mg/L, respectively and those from glass greenhouses 380.68 ± 150.41 mg/L and 61.85±20.72 mg/L. The annual discharge of wastewater derived from the monthly discharge from the horticulture greenhouses were estimated at 2597 ton/ha, with the annual phosphorus load amounting to 155.3 kg/ha. The average T-N and T-P loads in the tested greenhouse effluents were in excess of 8.3- and 13.5-fold the standards for the Korean wastewater plant effluent. The waste nutrient solution discharged from a protected horticulture complex can cause water contamination. Therefore, there is a need to conduct follow-up research using a water purification system or a trench method to develop a eco-friendly protected horticulture complex for sustainable agriculture.