• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.168-176
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• 2019

Spent coffee is one of biomass sources to be converted into bio-oil. However, the bio-oil should be further upgraded to achieve a higher quality bio-oil because of its high oxygen content. Deoxygenation under hydrotreating using different catalysts (catalytic hydrodeoxygenation; HDO) is considered as one of the promising methods for upgrading bio-oil from pyrolysis by removal of O-containing groups. In this study, the HDO of spent coffee bio-oil, which was collected from fast pyrolysis of spent coffee ($460^{\circ}C$, $2.0{\times}U_{mf}$), was carried out in an autoclave. The product yields were 72.16 ~ 96.76 wt% of bio-oil, 0 ~ 18.59 wt% of char, and 3.24 ~ 9.25 wt% of gas obtained in 30 min at temperatures between $250^{\circ}C$ and $350^{\circ}C$ and pressure in the range of 3 to 9 bar. The highest yield of bio-oil of 97.13% was achieved at $250^{\circ}C$ and 3 bar, with high selectivity of D-Allose. The carbon number distribution of the bio-oil was analyzed based on the concept of simulated distillation. The $C_{12}{\sim}C_{14}$ fraction increased from 22.98 wt% to 27.30 wt%, whereas the $C_{19}{\sim}C_{26}$ fraction decreased from 24.74 wt% to 17.18 wt% with increasing reaction time. Bio-oil yields were slightly decreased when the HZSM-5 catalyst and dolomite were used. The selectivity of CO was increased at the HZSM-5 catalyst and decreased at the dolomite.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 2008

Three properties of food waste are water 80%, ash 3%, volatile matter 17%. When food waste goes through treatment process such as removal of foreign substances, removal of water as well as sodium, dryness, and pulverization, it transforms into 4,000 Kcal/kg purverized fuel if moisture content is below 13%. Fuel ratio (fixed carbon/volatile matter) of purverized fuel is low compared with bituminuous coal. Ignition temperature measured by thermogravimetry analyzer is about $460^{\circ}C$. Combustion test of purverized fuel have been performed using energy recovery facility which include storage tank of dewatered cake, dryer, hammer mill, combuster including burner, boiler, flue gas treatment equipment. When 160-180 kg/hr of fuel is steadily supplied to burner for 3 hours, combustor temperature reaches about $1000^{\circ}C$ and CO is 77-103 ppm at 1.55 excess air ratio and SOx and Cl are under 2 ppm and 1ppm, respectively. This experiment demonstrate that purverized fuel made from food waste could be an alternative clean energy at the age of high oil price.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.149-152
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• 2008

Three properties of food waste are water 80%, ash 3%, volatile matter 17%. When food waste goes through treatment process such as removal of foreign substances, removal of water as well as sodium, dryness, and pulverization, it transforms into 4,000Kcal/kg purverized fuel if moisture content is below 13%. Fuel ratio(fixed carbon/volatile matter) of purverized fuel is low compared with bituminuous coal. Ignition temperature measured by thermogravimetry analyzer is about $460^{\circ}C$. Combustion test of purverized fuel have been performed using energy recovery facility which include storage tank of dewatered cake, dryer, hammer mill, combuster including burner, boiler, flue gas treatment equipment. When 160-180 kg/hr of fuel is steadily supplied to burner for 3 hours, combueter temperature reaches about $1000^{\circ}C$ and CO is 77-103ppm at 1.55 excess air ratio and SOx and Cl are under 2ppm and 1ppm, respectively. This experiment demonstrate that purverized fuel made from food waste could be an alternative clean energy for high oil price era

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.380-389
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• 2020

The conversion characteristics and fuel properties for producing biodiesel (BD) by blending beef-tallow, an animal waste resource with a high-saturated fatty acid content, and sunflower-oil, a vegetable oil with a high-unsaturated fatty acid content, were investigated. For this investigation, the effects of the control factors, such as the oil-blend ratio and methanol-to-oil molar ratio, on the fatty acid methyl ester and BD production yield were also investigated. The kinematic viscosity reduction effects of BD using heating and ultrasonic irradiation were verified, and the optimal temperature of each BD-diesel fuel blend for reducing the kinematic viscosity was derived using the correlation equation. As a result, the optimal conditions for producing blended biodiesel were verified to be TASU7 and a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 10:1. The analysis results of the fuel properties of TASU7 satisfied the BD quality standard; hence, the viability of BD blended with waste tallow as fuel was verified. The experimental results on the kinematic viscosity reduction showed that heating is more effective in reducing the kinematic viscosity because it took less time than ultrasonic irradiation, and the equipment was cheaper and more straightforward than the ultrasonic irradiation method.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1421-1432
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• 2018

Water soluble oil was obtained from the pyrolysis of coconut waste as a biomass at $600^{\circ}C$. It was studied that the combustion characteristics of bio-emulsion fuel by mixing and emulsifying 15~20% of water soluble oil which obtained from pyrolysis of coconut waste as a biomass and MDO(marine diesel oil) as a marine fuel. Engine dynamometer was used for detecting emissions, temperature, and power. The temperature of combustion chamber was decreased because the moisture in bio-emulsion fuel deprived of heat of evaporation in combustion chamber. While combustion, micro-explosion took place in the combustion chamber by water in the bio-emulsion fuel, MDO fuel scattered to micro particles and it caused to smoke reduction. The temperature reduction of combustion chamber by using bio-emulsion fuel reduced the NOx emission. The increasing of bio-oil content caused increasing water content in bio-emulsion fuel so total calorific value was reduced. So the characteristics of power was decreased in proportion to using the increasing amount of bio-emulsion fuel. Heavy oil as a marine fuel exhausts a lot of smoke and NOx. We expect that we can reduce the exhaust gas of marine engine such as smoke and NOx by using of bio-emulsion fuel as a marine fuel.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.83-90
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• 2019

In this study, the characteristics of the SRF (Solid Refuse Fuel) prepared by blending each of the additives (citrus peel, waste wood, coal) in the heavy oil fly ash, evaluating the heavy oil fly ash recyclability. Recycling SRFs were fabricated by pellet extruding method after blending the heavy oil fly ash and additives based on 30% moisture content. As a result, the formability of the SRFs was excellent under condition of blending heavy oil fly ash with coal or citrus peel and the highest calorific value was 4,274 kcal/kg at heavy oil fly ash mixed with coal. Therefore, the formability and calorific value were improved when the heavy oil fly ash was mixed with coal(20 wt%) at 30% moisture content. From these results, the applicability of SRFs with additives was confirmed by using the heavy oil fly ash from J thermal power plant.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2013

Heavy oil fly ash (HOFA) is a byproduct generated by the burning of heavy fuel oil. Chemical analysis showed that HOFA is mainly composed of unburned carbon with a significant amount of heavy metals. Due to toxicity, management of this waste poses a challenge to the industry personal. The present study investigates the possible use of HOFA as a black pigment or admixture in cement mortar aiming to produce ornamental brick. In order to investigate the change of cement mortar strength when HOFA is added, the standard compressive strength test with 50 mm cubes was performed. The results showed that the addition of 2-5 % of HOFA in cement mortar does not affect its strength. The leaching behavior of trace elements within HOFA and HOFA mixed mortar were investigated through laboratory batch leaching experiments. The results confirmed that HOFA can be utilized as a black pigment in ornamental brick, which is environmentally safe and provides good balance between color and brick properties.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.233-241
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• 2022

Biodiesel is a non-polluting and non-toxic energy source that can replace conventional diesel. However, the higher production cost and raw material scarcity became challenges that obstruct the commercialization of biodiesel production. In the current investigation, fried cooking oil is used for biodiesel production in a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor, thus enhancing raw material availability and helping better waste oil disposal. However, due to the cavitation effect inside the reactor, the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor can give biodiesel yield above 98%. Thus, the use of orifice plates (having a different number of holes for cavitation) in the reactor shows more than 90% biodiesel yield within 10 mins of a time interval. The effects of rising temperature at different molar ratios are also investigated. The five-hole plate achieves the highest yield for a 4.5:1 molar ratio at 65℃. And the similar result is predicted by the response surface methodology model; however, the optimized yield is obtained at 60℃. The investigation will help understand the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on biodiesel yield at different molar ratios and elevated temperatures.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.181-182
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• 2005