• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.2924-2932
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• 1996

As the environmental pollution can be greatly reduced and the waste heat can be also recovered through a combustion of municipal solid waste, the incineration begins to be highlighted recently in our country. But it is very difficult to be operated with constant combustion conditions for a long time as the domestic waste is composed of various components, contains a large percentage of water, and has a low heating value. Therefore, the cold flow test and partial hot flow test were conducted in the incinerator by use of injection angles of a secondary air affecting fluid flow as the first action to maintain the optimum combustion conditions. A model to a scale of 1:10 was designed and manufactured through the similarity of model and prototype flows. Velocities and temperatures were measured through the experiment. From the results, fluid flows of secondary air obtained from partial hot flow test correspond almost well with those of main flow obtained from cold flow test. Consequently, injection angles of secondary air are proved to affect main flow decisively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1225-1230
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• 2007

The emissions characteristics of particulate matters(PM) according to the types of wastes from industrial waste incinerator of 800 kg/hr treatment capacity were investigated. For this study, the incinerate waste are as follows; waste resin, waste wood, waste urethane, waste gunny, and waste paper. The particulate samples were collected to be emitted in stack and air pollution control(both cyclone and bag filter). In stack, the concentrations of PM were in the range of 2.61 to $26.51 mg/Sm^3$ and the major chemical species were C, Si, Cl, K, Na, Ca in all the wastes. In cyclone fly ash, the mean content of heavy metal were in the order of Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cd > As > Hg and the heavy metal content of waste resin were Zn 34,197.5 mg/kg, Fe 27,587.6 mg/kg, Pb 6,055.8 mg/kg, respectively. In bag filter fly ash, the mean content of heavy metal were in the order of Zn > Pb > Fe > Cu > Mn > Cd > Cr > Ni > As > Hg and the heavy metal content of waste wood were Pb 36,405.2 mg/kg, Fe 15,762.9 mg/kg, Cu 9,989.5 mg/kg, Cd 2,230.1 mg/kg, respectively. Comparing the heavy metal content of both cyclone and bag filter, in cyclone, the Cr, Fe, Ni content were higher than in bag filter and the Cd, Cu, Hg content were lower than in bag filter.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2019

In this study, nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission concentration was measured 3 times continuously for 24 hours from August 27, 2018 to October 22, 2018 and non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectrometer was used to calculate $N_2O$ concentration of exhaust gas from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator. As a result of $N_2O$ emission characteristics, it is estimated that $N_2O$ emission concentration is due to the difference of furnace temperature, oxygen concentration rather than the chemical component of waste. The measured $N_2O$ emission concentration of MSW incinerator was obtained in the range of 53.6 ~ 59.5 ppm and the total average concentration was measured 55.6 ppm. Therefore, the amount of $N_2O$ emissions calculated from the $N_2O$ concentration was $98.05kg\;day^{-1}$ on average and the amount of $N_2O$ distribution in the range of $90.41{\sim}108.44kg\;day^{-1}$ was obtained. As a result, the $N_2O$ emission factor of the MSW incinerator was estimated to be $1,066.13g_{N_2O}\;ton_{waste^{-1}}$. The estimated $N_2O$ emission factor of the MSW incinerator was 20 times higher than calculated emission factor used in the Tier 2 method. Consequently, it is considered that the method of calculating the amount of $N_2O$ emission in the MSW incineration facilities using waste type and incineration amount needs to be supplemented to ensure accuracy.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to investigate the waste recycling possibility, practicability, economic efficiency and acid gas sorbent use of the hard-shelled mussel. This study is to investigate the hydration/calcination reaction and fixed bed reactor. The physical-chemical characteristics of the hard-shelled mussel were analyzed by ICP SEM-EDX, BET and pore volume. Thus, the results could be summarized as follows; Hard-shelled mussel can be used as iron-manufacture and chemical sorbents considering more than 53.7% of the mussel is lime content. The SO$_2$removal efficiency of the hard-shelled mussel after calcined hydration increased thirty times as a result of the higher pore size, specific surface area and pore volume. Also, the CaO content, pore volume, pore size distribution and specific surface area greatly influenced the SO$_2$ and NOx removal reactivity. The optimum particle diameter average of hard-shelled mussel was $\pm$100 mesh, which was applied to the sorbent on the medium/small scale waste incinerator and flue gas desulfurization processes.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

There are among the most relevant toxic emissions from incinerators such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Induction of cytochrome P4501A1 catalyzed 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase(EROD) activity in mammalian cell culture(EROD bioassay) is thought to be a selective and sensitive parameter used for the quantification of dioxin-like components. In this study, the toxic emissions from several school waste incinerators were evaluated by determination of CYPIA catalytic activity and cytotoxicity using cell culture microbioassay. The incinerator residue and soil samples were collected from the schools located in Kyunggi province from April to June 1999. The samples were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus using toluene for 20 hours. In order to clean-up, concentrated crude extracts were applied to basic alumina column. The EROD activities of extracts in the H4IIE cells were from 1.91$\pm$0.32 ng-TEQ/g to 24.54$\pm$3.48 ng-TEQ/g of biochemical-TEQ value. In soil samples, CYP1A catalytic activity was 0.09~0.64 ng-TEQ/g. EROD bioassay, seems to be a useful short-term bioassay when information about the biological response of complex environmental samples is needed. Although further study is needed, these results indicate that the potent toxic emissions are produced from school waste semi-incinerators.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2015

Objectives: Pine needles were used as a passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This study was performed to investigate concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) deposited on pine needles near a waste incinerator and PCDD/Fs source contributions using principal component analysis (PCA). Methods: Two-year-old pine needles were sampled at 11 points with respect to distance and wind direction from the incinerator. PCDD/Fs deposited on pine needles were analyzed with HRGC/HRMS. The source contribution of PCA was calculated with SPSS. Results: The average concentration of PCDD/Fs deposited on pine needle was 0.79 (0.27-1.76) pg TEQ/g dry, PCDDs with 0.24 (0.01-0.95) pg TEQ/g dry and PCDFs with 0.56 (0.27-0.82) pg TEQ/g dry, respectively. The average concentration fraction of PCDDs was 29.7%, that of PCDFs was 70.3%, and PCDFs were more prevalent than PCDDs. The contributions of PCDD/Fs sources were estimated as incineration at 58.3% and automobiles at 28.4%. However, a relation and regulation between PCDD/Fs concentrations deposited on pine needles and distance from incinerator or wind direction was not shown. Conclusion: It was concluded that atmospheric PCDD/Fs concentrations near an industrial complex with a waste incinerator were affected by multiple sources. However, PCDD/Fs concentrations were lower than in other inland cities with the exception of background area.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2014

Accelerated carbonation is a technique that can be used as a CCS technology for $CO_2$ sequestration of approximately 5~20% in a stable solid through the precipitation of carbonate. An alkaline inorganic waste material such as ash, slag, and cement paste are generated from incinerators, accelerated carbonation offers the advantage of lower transport and processing costs at the same generation location of waste and $CO_2$. In this study, we evaluated an amount of $CO_2$ sequestration in various types of inorganic alkaline waste processed by means of accelerated carbonation. A quantitative evaluation of $CO_2$ real sequestration based on a TG/DTA analysis, the maximum 118.88 $g/kg_{-waste}$ of $CO_2$ in paper sludge fly ash, the maximum 134.46 $g/kg_{-waste}$ of $CO_2$ in municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash, the maximum 9.72 $g/kg_{-waste}$ of $CO_2$ in industrial solid waste incinerator fly ash, and the maximum $18.19g/kg_{-waste}$ of $CO_2$ in waste cement paste.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 1996

A fluidized bed combustion chamber is widely used to incinerate waste material. The most important factor designing the incinerator is the flow characteristics in a fluidized bed, because combustion efficiency is influenced by the flow characteristics. This paper has invesitigated the flow characteristics of bubbles in fluidized bed by means of meassuring a pressure fluctuation in the fluidized bed. A pressure probe system has used to measure the pressure. The data concerned with bubble rising velocity, bubble size, distribution of bubbles and frequency of bubble generation or decay are obtained to find the flow characteristics of bubbles in the fluidized bed. The result obtained from this experimental study can be used to design the fuel feeding system of fluidized bed combustion type incinerator. And it is possible to predict the mixing of waste material and fluidizing material.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.785-799
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• 1996

The incineration tests of mixed industrial wastes using the stoker type incinerator are carried out to investigate the partitioning characteristics of heavy metals during incineration. The results obtained from this study are as follow. The partitioning characteristics of heavy metals throughout this incinerator are found that, at given condition of $700^{\circ}C$, the elements with the relatively high boiling point such as Cr, Cu and Pb are partitioned into a bottom ash, a fry ash captured tv cyclone, and a flue gas stream, 67~88%, 2~19% and 6~16% of initial amount entering the incinerator, respectively, but the Cd and Hg of 75~81% is vaporized into the flue gas. It appears that the partitioning characteristics according to the particle size of ash is different between the bottom ash and the fly ash. For bottom ash, the fraction of partitioning into 75${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ oversized particles is reatively high. For fly ash, the characteristics of distributions with the particle size can not be clearly shown.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.252-259
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• 2001

Computational study has been performed to observe the flow characteristics of combustion chamber for geometrical modification in municipal solid waste incinerator. A series of geometrical modification has been carried out as an attempt to reduce the size of recirculation zone, to obtain uniform flow field in the secondary combustion chamber and to improve the mixing of combustion gas. Two dimensional non-reacting turbulent flow has been studied as the first step to get such goals and the result of design optimization is presented. In addition, three dimensional non-reacting and reacting flow analyses were performed to verify the validity of two dimensional approach.