• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2001

In order to improve dye uptime and wash fastness on dyeing of cotton fabrics with Amur cork tree, twitter ionic groups, acid groups, hydrophobic groups or cross linkage were introduced into cotton fabrics. Results obtained were as follows, 1 The optimum modification of cotton fabrics was carbosy methylation in the water solution containing 15% sodium chloroacetate and 15% sodium hydroxide and then introducing hydrophobic groups by treating in the solution containing $30m\ell$ DMSO and $3m\ell$ 2,4-TDI 2. Numbers of carbon, diisocyanate group than monoisocyanate group and aromatic compound than aliphatic compound in introduced hydrophobic groups were effective. 3. The dye uptake and wash fastness wore enhanced significantly by treating only with 2,4-TDI. 4. The wash fastness seems to correlate to the degree of swelling of the fabric during washing and also depend on the Interaction between dyes and acid groups as well as hydrophobic groups.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2011

Objectives : This paper researched methods of washing Herb medicine through research papers of washing Crops Materials and Methods : We collected research papers on Washing crops. Then we analysed them according to washing methods. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Herbal fruit, wash using a conveyor belt. 2. Leafy herbs, soak in a chlorine solution or ozone solution and rinse it. sometimes using micro bubble system. 3. Radix, wash with high pressure sprinkling water. 4. Cortex, wash under running water by hand washing. Conclusion : Herb medicines need a washing methods for each region. so Herbs should be washed in a suitable methods for each region.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.357-360
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• 2006

In the present study, the air jet flow characteristics of the dryer in the automatic car wash machine were numerically predicted by commercial CFD code. The effects of the dryer shape and the nozzle width variations on the performance of the automatic car wash machine were discussed. To optimize the geometric parameters, the response surface method(RSM) with CFD was used. Predicted jet velocity distributions for the optimized geometry were compared with experimental data and the comparisons show generally good agreements. Also, the performance of the dryer was improved with the optimized results.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1999년도 제14차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.165-168
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• 1999

The support or automation of various kinds of intelligent work is urged at large, integrated control centers. Given this demand, a decision making system for wash timing of polluted insulators, applying the Bayesian rule theory, has been developed in order to support maintenance work in the power system. The results of this system application revealed that exact wash timing of the insulators could be determined automatically, equivalent in precision to judgement by skilled operators, thus contributing to further work efficiency.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2007

An optimization approach is investigated for the design of new nozzle system in a automatic car wash machine. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics and design of experiment methods have been employed to know the mutual interaction between the nozzle shape in the automatic car wash machine and the airflow velocity distribution on the vehicle surface. The performances of air nozzle system were defined as the velocity magnitude and the uniformity of the velocity on the surface of the car. Predicted jet velocity distributions for the optimized geometry were compared with experimental data and the comparisons showed generally good agreements. Also, the performance of the dryer was improved with the optimized results.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.841-847
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• 2011

In this study, a method to determine the design capacities of nonpoint source (NPS) pollutant treatment facilities in urban areas was suggested. A facility capacity to treat 80 percent of total SS discharge was estimated by 2-year rainfall - runoff - build-up and wash-off simulation at Goonja drainage district in Seoul. For wash-off simulation, four wash-off models (EMC, RC, EXP, and Joo model) were used. As the results, 80 percent of total SS discharge could be treated with only 7.7~31.4% facility capacity of peak flow. The suggested method and results will provide a guideline to determine design capacities of NPS pollutant treatment facility in urban areas.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2016

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors relating to handwashing with soap among Korean adults. Methods: Study subjects consist of 755 adults who have been contacted in September 2013 via telephone surveys. The data collected has been analyzed using descriptive statistics, a chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis. A primary purpose is to understand the prevalence of handwashing with soap more than 8 times daily and for 30 seconds per wash among adults. Independent variables include socioeconomic levels, the participants' perception and knowledge of handwashing and their educational experiences relating to handwashing. Results: The overall percentile of people who wash their hands with soap 8 time per day for 30 seconds or more per wash was 16.0%, which is 121 people out of 755 study subjects. In univariate analysis, age, education levels, monthly average income, handwashing habits, perceptions relate to the importance of handwashing, self-assessment of handwashing, environment of public toilet, and the completion of handwashing education shows significant result. Significant differences also appear (p<0.05) in logistic regression analysis on binary variables. There is a strong correlation between daily frequency of handwashing and willingness to wash hands while outside. For example, people who wash their hands very often while outside are 2.24 times (95% C.I. 1.29-3.87) more likely to practice handwashing with soap 8 times per day for 30 seconds or more per wash than those people who only intermittently wash their hands while outside. Furthermore, people with general unwillingness to wash their hands while outside are 4.61 times (95% C.I. 1.22-3.28) less likely to practice handwashing with soap 8 times per day for 30 seconds or more per wash than those with general willingness. Conclusions: This study has been carried out to identify the decision factors in practicing handwashing with soap for Korean adults. In univariate analysis, age, education level, monthly average income, handwashing habits, handwashing self-assessment, public toilet environment, completion of handwashing education and so forth have been identified to be the decision factors. This study result shows that the overall level of cleanliness of public toilet perceives to be poor and it suggests that the environment of public toilet needs to be enhanced. As the handwashing habits and handwashing-self assessment have been identified to be the significant decision factors for handwashing, there search and approach in these factors need to be developed further.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2007

신선편이 당근채 세척시 오존수 사용에 의한 품질 및 안전성 향상 효과를 구명하기 위해 연구를 수행하였다. 세척 당근을 절단한 뒤 100ppm의 염소수에 1, 2회 세척 및 오존발생장치에서 공급되는 초기 오존수 농도 2ppm에서 1,5, 20분 세척한 뒤 $O_{2}$ 투과율 $29.2pmol{\cdot}s^{-1}{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}Pa^{-1}$ 필름으로 포장하여 $5^{\circ}C$에서 3주간 저장되었다. 당근채의 오존수 세척처리는 저장 중 포장내부의 기체 조성, 당근채의 품질 및 미생물 수에 영향을 미쳤다. 오존수 20분 처리는 당근채 저장 중 $CO_{2}$ 농도가 낮고, 경도가 높았으며, 백화지수(WI), 이취발생 및 미생물 수가 적어 가장 높은 관능점수를 나타내며 저장 3주까지 상품성을 유지하였다. 그러나 염소수 1회 세척은 비록 미생물 수는 오존수 20분 처리와 함께 낮게 나타났으나 품질에 있어서 상대적으로 WI와 이취발생이 높아 오존수 20분 보다 품질변화가 심하였다. 따라서 오존수 20분 처리는 신선편이 당근채의 염소 세척을 대체할 수 있는 방법으로 판단되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2004

본 연구는 도축장 규모 및 계절별로 도축 공정 단계에 따른 미생물학적 오염도와 변화 추이를 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 도축 5단계 즉, 박피 후, 내장 적출 후, 최종 세척 전, 최종 세척 후 그리고 냉장실에서 소 도체 흥부 표면에 대한 미생물학적 분석을 위하여 가로세로 10${\times}$10 cm의 면적에 대하여 swab 방법으로 시료를 채취하였다. 그 결과 겨울철 시료에 있어 대규모 도축장은 박피, 내장 적출 및 최종 세척 전까지의 도축단계에서는 $10^{0}$∼$10^2$CFU/ $\textrm{cm}^2$ 수준의 일반세균이 검출되어 $10^{0}$∼$10^3$ 수준을 보인 중소규모 도축장에 비하여 1∼2 log값이 적은 미생물이 검출되었으나, 최종세척 후($10^2$CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$)와 냉장실($10^1$CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$)의 미생물 검출값에 있어서는 도축장 규모에 따른 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 겨울철 시료는 봄철 시료에 비하여 도축장 규모에 차이 없이 일반세균이 1 log 값 정도 적게 검출되었다. 최종세척 공정의 시료채취 부위에 따른 세척 효과를 보기 위한 실험에서 둔부 부위에서는 세척 효과를 보여주었지만, 옆구리와 흉부 부위에서는 오히려 세척 후 미생물 수가 최종 세척 전 단계보다 증가하는 경향을 보여주었다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2000년도 학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.103-107
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• 2000

We investigated the actual usefulness of bathrooms in individuals living in apartment. We performed a randomized matched questionaire study involving 487 individuals who use a unit-bathroom and live in apartment in Taegu and it's rural cities for the period from May to June, 2000. Most of the individuals used bathroom for washing behavior of daily living, such as, washing hands, feet, face, and hair, except bathing, Almost all the individuals reported some complaints about the height and size of wash-stand when they wash face or hair, And most of the individuals does not use the bath-tube when they shower or bathe.