• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.184-195
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• 2008

The use of geosynthetics for the reinforced earth wall system has been increasing rapidly for a number of years. The connection strength between wall facing and geosynthetics should be evaluated in the design of geosynthetics. However, the connection strength is not often evaluate, exactly, and it causes problems such as deformation of the wall facing, local failure of the reinforced earth wall system, conservative design and so on. Therefore, the connection strength in the design of geosynthetics should be applied evaluation result by reasonable method. This study is evaluated connection strength using the typical design method, NCMA(1997) and FHWA(1996), in the field case. Then the results compared with the evaluation results of connection strength, which is suggested by Soong & Koener(1997). The analysis results confirmed that the connection strength for the design of geosynthetics should be evaluate using reasonable method with considering various factor, such as safety factor, installation and importance of construction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.350-358
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• 2009

To enhance the application of the reinforced retaining walls in the railway industry, this paper suggested a type of reinforcement subgrade with short reinforcement and rigid facing. To become popular the reinforced retaining walls in the industry, the deformation of retaining walls should be controlled below some limited level. In this paper, small scale and full scale tests of the proposed retaining walls were performed and their deformation characteristics were evaluated. Even though it has short reinforcement, the rigid type retaining wall had small deformation to the external train loading than the segmental type retaining wall had.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.315-321
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• 2001

Since 1984, block-type reinforced earth wall with geogrid reinforcement has been widely used for retaining wall applications till now in Korea. The use of geogrid as a reinforcement in the reinforced earth wall is steadily increased in an amount over 1,500,000㎡ in a year However, still need exists that some problems in design and construction practices should be made to review, Therefore, this paper reviewed reasonable criteria for selection of backfills, design details considering the effect of the upper soil slope on reinforced earth wall, horizontal displacement of facing block during compaction, and the damage of geogrid reinforcements on the edge part of facing block. Finally, alternative methods of measures on those problems are proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2010

To understand the deformation behavior of nonwoven geotextiles(NWGT) reinforced soil wall, analyses of load-elongation properties, soil-reinforcement interface friction, laboratory model tests, and field cases throughout literature reviews are being studied in this paper. According to the analyses results, the stiffness and tensile strength of NWGT is increased in proportion to confinement pressures, and the interface shear strength at soil-NWGT appeared to be stronger than soil-geogrid interface. The deformation at the beginning of loading on NWGT reinforced soil wall is larger than geogrid reinforced soil wall, but the wall deformation with NWGT is smaller than the wall of geogrid after passing some loading point in laboratory model tests. Case analysis results have shown that the facing of NWGT reinforced soil wall should be rigid enough to be used as a permanent wall, and NWGT and in-situ poor soil can be used for reinforcement and backfill respectively if the wall is constructed as pre-reinforced soil body and with post-facing that has a full-height rigid concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.13-19
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• 2001

The use of reinforced soil have been increased due to it's cost effectiveness, flexibility and so on. In this study, a full-scale reinforced soil with rigid facing were constructed to investigate the soil pressure variation of reinforcing system. The results of soil pressure during backfill construction are described. The influence of facing stiffness on soil pressure is addressed. The results show that lateral earth pressures on the wall are active state during backfill. It is obtained that the lateral soil pressure highly depends on the installation condition of pressure cell and construction condition. Long-term measurement will be followed to verify the design assumptions with respect to the distribution of lateral stress on the facing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.279-286
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• 2002

Recently, there are many attempts to expand a temporary soil nailing system into a permanent wall due to the advantage of soil nailing system, that is efficient and economic use of underground space and decreasing the total construction cost. However, the proper design approach of a permanent soil nailing system has not been proposed by now in Korea. Permanent soil nailing system which utilizes precast concrete walls for the facing of soil nailing system Is already used in many countries. In general, the cast-in-place concrete facings or rigid walls were constructed in bottom-up way after construction of soil nailing walls finished preliminarily In this paper, various laboratory model tests have been carried out to investigate the failure mode, behavior characteristics, and tensile force at nail head in each load level in respects of the variation of stiffness of the facing.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.5
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• pp.43-47
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• 2004

The five pieces (Bon 4054, 4074, 4077, 4096 and Bon 4097)of the Central Asia murals housed in the National Museum of Korea were conserved for approximately 2 years. The Central Asia murals conserved for this time have undergone the processes of cleaning, reinforcing pigment layers, facing to protect the pigment layers disassembling, separating wooden frames reinforcing the wall layers, attaching supports to the wall layers, removing facing and making picture frames. They were conserved with emphasis placed on reinforcing the peeled pigment layers and the weakened walls and on improving the structural problem of the exhibit frames.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 2004

Geogrid reinforced soil structures with segmental block facing have been increased since 1990's, because of the convenience of installation and the flexible appearance. In this paper, the behavior of the segmental reinforced retaining wall was analysed with the results of field monitoring. The height and length of reinforced wall are 12m and 25m, respectively. The field measurement equipments are horizontal and vertical earth pressure cells, settlement plate, strain gauge, inclinometer, and displacement pin. Based on the field monitoring, the horizontal earth pressure was approximately 0.3times higher than that of the theoretical method and the maximum tensile strength of reinforcement was 26.2kN/m. The displacement of facing wall was 23mm at the point of 7.1m height of the wall and toward the wall facing. The results of the study indicate that the segmental reinforced retaining wall is in a stable condition because of good compaction & reinforcement effects, and long period of construction time. Finally, the computer program of SRWall is very useful tool to design the segmental reinforced retaining wall.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

The use of geogrid-reinforced earth wall technologies has progressed rapidly over the past 10 years in Korea because these technologies have advantages such as economical efficiency, graceful appearance, and easy construction. The geogrid used in the reinforced earth wall with concrete block facing can be subjected to damage among the upper and lower blocks and at the interface between the block and the geogrid. Therefore, when design of the geogrid-reinforced soil walls the required connection strength of the geogrid to the wall facing is an issue. In this study, new connection system between facing block and geogrid is developed to improve the damages of geogrid in the existing connection systems. The new connection devices are made of steel and have I-shape. This paper describes the test method and results of the laboratory testing for determination of connection strength in connection system using the I-type connection device.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2012

This paper describes the stability evaluation of reinforced earth wall using geosynthetic strip based on field test. The wall facing, which is applied in field, is able to present excellent scenery, and the reinforcement has improvement effect of pullout resistance based on rounded band anchor. The measurement is conducted according to construction elapsed time of structure for earth pressure, horizontal displacement of wall facing and reinforcement strain in field test. The evaluation results show that the measured earth pressure is less than theoretical earth pressure due to dispersion effect of earth pressure by geosynthetic strip. The horizontal displacement of wall facing is also satisfied a empirical criteria. The measured strain of reinforcement had nearly no effect on stability of the reinforced earth wall. Therefore, the geosynthetic strip with rounded band anchor can be applied in the reinforced earth wall, and the reinforced earth wall with geosynthetic strip can be commonly used in field because it has a structural stability.