• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1985

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional status with the analysis of the factors which might influence on the prevalent condition of nutrients-intake. 373 persons who are above 60 years old in Chung-Gu, Seoul were surveyed from March 15 to March 30 in 1985. Results were as follows ; 1. General Characteristics 1) Male respondents among the entire respondents comprised 54.3% and female respondents comprised 45.7%. As for age, male and female respondents comprised 55.0% and 37.2% respectively. 2) As for the educational level of the respondents, illiteracy was 49.9% which was the highest. and those who graduated elementary school was 28.1% which was the second highest. And as for the comparison of the education of the male and female respondents, the educational level of male respondents was much higher than that of female respondents. 3) As for the final occupation of the respondents, those who were engaged in commerce comprised 30.8% which was the highest rate, and who were engaged in agriculture comprised 20.1% which was the second highest rate. And those who were engaged in labor comprised 12.3%. 2. The State of Nutrients-intake The energy of the male respondents was 61.4% of RDA and the protein was nothing but 66.8% of RDA. Except vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$ and niacin, calcium, iron, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C were lower than RDA (the range: $67.5%{\sim}97.3%$). The energy of the female respondents was 70.0% of RDA and the protein was 58.8% which were lower than RDA. Except vitamin A and vitamin $B_1$, calcium, iron, vitamin $B_2$ vitamin C, niacin were lower than RDA (the range: $68.2%{\sim}98.9%$). 3. The various factors related to nutrients-intake 1) The composition of family and the food environment those who were living with their spouses comprised 44.8% which was the highest rate, and those who were living with their son's family comprised 33.5% which was the second highest rate and those who were living with their doughter's family comprised only 4.6%. Those who were living alone comprised 16.4%. The correlation with nutrient intake didn't show a clear relation. 2) Socio-economic state Those who said that they lacked in living expense comprised 32.7% and those who said that they lacked in pocket-money comprised 23.9%, The female respondents outnumbered the male respondents in lacking living expense or pocket-money. In the correlation with socio-economic, there was no striking relation with education level. However, it was shown that little relation in energy, fat in male and also fat and iron in female. The living expense and the satisfaction in pocket-money had also little relation with energy fat and vitamin C in male. 3) Nutrition knowledge and food habit (a) The state of nutrition knowledge and food habit In nutrition knowledge, those who scored less than 60 points were 32.9%, and those who scored more than 90 points were 21.0%. In food habit, those who scored less than 60 points were 26.5% and those who scored more than 80 points were 45%. (b) The corelation with nutrition knowledge and food habit In case of female respondents, nutrition knowledge had a little relation with the intake of cabohydrate, iron, and vitamin C. And we couldn't see a distinct phenomenon in food habit.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.603-614
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• 2017

본 연구는 2010~2012년 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 20~79세 한국 성인 총 16,595명을 대상으로 식품안정성에 따른 건강 및 영양섭취상태를 살펴보았다. 식품안정성 문항의 답변에 따라 Secure군은 7,256명 (43.7%), Mildly insecure군은 8,764명 (52.8%), Moderately/Securely insecure군은 575명 (3.5%) 이었다. 식품불안정은 나이가 많을수록, 여성일수록, 교육 및 소득 수준이 낮을수록, 독거인 경우, 체질량지수, 현재 흡연율, 운동유무, 직업에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 20~39세 그룹에서 식품불안정성이 높은 군일수록 헤모글로빈은 낮았고, 철결합능은 높았으며, 40~59세 그룹에서 식품불안정성이 높은 군일수록 HDL-콜레스테롤이 낮았으며, 60~79세 그룹에서 식품불안정성이 높은 군일수록 총 콜레스테롤이 높게 측정되었다. 식품안정성이 불안정할수록 20~39세 남자에서는 수면시간이 적었고, 40~59세 남자에서는 우울증상과 자살을 생각해본 비율이 높았고 60~79세 남자는 수면시간이 많았고 스트레스를 많이 느끼고 우울증상과 자살을 생각해 본 대상자의 비율이 높았다. 또한 식품안정성이 불안정한 여성은 40~59세, 60~79세 공통적으로 스트레스를 많이 느끼며 우울증상과 자살생각과 같은 정신건강과 밀접한 관련이 있었다. 영양소 섭취량은 식품불안정이 높은 그룹일수록 전체적인 영양소 섭취량이 낮은 경향을 보였고, 전반적으로 20~39세 그룹에서는 Secure군과 Mildly insecure군의 섭취에는 유의적인 차이가 없는 반면, 40~59세, 60~79세 그룹에서는 세 그룹 간에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 또한 식품섭취량은 모든 그룹에서 식품불안정이 높은 그룹일수록 전반적인 식품섭취는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구 결과 우리나라 성인의 식품안정성은 나이, 성별, 교육, 소득수준, 독거 유무, 직업 특성 및 활동 가능성 여부 등과 관련이 있으며 식품안정성은 식품섭취와 영양소 섭취뿐만 아니라 스트레스, 우울증, 자살생각과 성인의 정신건강과 밀접한 관련이 있었다. 한국 성인 및 노인에게 식품불안정이 신체적 및 정신적 건강상태와 식이섭취상태를 악화시키는 요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 젊은 성인보다 중년과 노인이 식품불안정에 따른 건강에 더 취약한 것으로 나타나 연령에 따라 식품안정성과 건강을 확보하기 위한 다양한 정책과 영양지원 프로그램이 필요함을 확인하였다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2017

Numerous studies have investigated quantifying dietary intake according to the weight status of children and adolescents. However, studies on differences in quality among diets remain scarce. This study compared diet quality by weight status and examined correlations between quality of diet and obesity in children and adolescents. Two hundred fourteen children and adolescents aged between 9 and 18 years participated in this study (Normal weight n=104, Obesity n=110). The data related to food intake were investigated by dietary records, Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and then compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for Korean (KDRIs). In DQI-I, moderation factor (control of unhealthy foods) score was 21.7 in the normal weight group and 19.5 in the obesity group. The normal weight group showed a higher score for moderation factor than the obesity group (P<0.001). Compared with KDRIs, vitamin $B_6$, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, potassium, and zinc intakes were insufficient in both groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that DQI-I moderation was negatively associated with obesity (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.69-0.87) after adjustment for age, gender, income, and total energy intake. Our results suggest that children and adolescents require nutritional education to understand the importance of vitamin and mineral consumption. Especially, education for children and adolescents with obesity needs to emphasize moderation of nutrient intake that can cause diseases with hyper-ingestion such as sodium and high calorie-low nutrition foods.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.284-293
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 대학생 시기의 올바른 건강관리가 성인기의 건강과 신체기능을 최적으로 유지하는 기초가 되고, 앞으로 임신, 분만, 수유 등을 대비해야 하는 가임기일 뿐만 아니라, 장차 가정과 사회의 식생활 관리자의 역할을 담당해야 하는 여대생을 대상으로 식습관과 운동습관 및 건강관련인식을 조사하고 이러한 지표가 영양섭취수준에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 여대생 155명을 대상으로 연령, 신장, 체중 등 일반적 특성과 식습관, 운동습관, 건강상태 인식에 관련된 문항으로 구성된 설문지를 이용하였고, 24시간 회상법을 이용하여 식이섭취 조사를 실시한 후 영양소 섭취량을 분석하였다. 대상자들의 일주일간 식사시간이 규칙적인 날의 횟수는 '5~6일'이 27.74%, '3~4일'이 59.35%, '1~2일'이 12.9%로 나타났고, 아침결식률에서는 거의 '매일 결식'하는 비율이 46.74%, '때때로 결식'하는 비율이 36.13%, '거의 결식을 하지 않는' 비율이 16.13%로 나타나 결식률이 높게 나타났다. 야식횟수는 '일주일에 2~3회'가 43.23%로 가장 높았고, '1회 미만'이 40.65%, '4회 이상'이 16.13%로 나타났고, 식사 소요시간은 '20분 미만'이 42.58%, '20~30분 사이'가 38.06%, '31분 이상'이 19.35%로 나타났다. 운동습관의 규칙성에서는 '규칙적으로 운동을 한다'가 29.7%이고, '운동을 전혀 안한다'가 70.32%로 나타났고, 건강상태에 대한 인식 조사에서는 '건강상태가 좋다'가 47.74%, '그저 그렇다'가 24.52%, '나쁘다'가 27.74%로 나타나 비교적 건강상태가 좋다고 인식하는 대상자가 비교적 높게 나타났다. 식습관에 따른 영양소 섭취량의 차이에서는 일주일에 식사 시간이 규칙적인 날이 많을수록 에너지, 단백질, 지방, 식이섬유소, 칼슘, 인, 철분, 나트륨, 칼륨, 비타민 $B_6$, 나이아신, 비타민C, 엽산, 비타민 E, 콜레스테롤을 유의적으로 많이 섭취하는 것으로 나타났고, 아침 결식 여부에 따른 영양소 섭취량의 차이는 일주일에 아침을 결식하는 날이 많을수록 아침식사를 거의 매일 하는 대상자보다 에너지, 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물, 식이섬유소, 칼슘, 인, 철, 나트륨, 칼륨, 아연, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C, 엽산, 비타민 E를 유의적으로 더 적게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 일주일간 야식을 먹는 횟수에 대한 영양소 섭취량의 차이에서는 야식을 먹는 횟수가 많을수록 에너지, 단백질, 지방, 식이섬유소, 칼슘, 인, 철분, 칼륨, 비타민 $B_2$, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C, 엽산, 비타민 E, 콜레스테롤을 유의적으로 많이 섭취하였으나 식사 속도에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 규칙적인 운동습관을 가진 대상자는 그렇지 않은 대상자보다 영양소 섭취량이 약간 높게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 건강상태 인식에 따른 영양소 섭취량의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 본 조사 대상자의 대부분은 19~29세 여성의 영양권장량에 못 미치는 수준으로 영양소를 섭취하고 있었고, 특히 불규칙적인 식사, 결식, 야식 등의 불규칙적인 식습관을 가진 여대생들의 경우, 그 경우 칼슘, 철분, 아연, 여러 비타민 C 등에서 영양권장량에 70%에도 못 미치는 수준을 나타내어 올바른 식습관을 가질 수 있도록 구체적인 영양교육이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate to the effect of regular exercise on nutrients intakes and energy balance related to food habit and nutrient knowledge of college women. This study was conducted from May to June in 2000. One hundred and forty female students made their three day dietary records by 24-hr recall method and one day activity record. The questionaires were designed to fine out food habit and nutrition knowledge status. The height. weight and blood pressure were measured and also body fat mass and lean body mass measurements were performed. The results obtained are summerized as follows. Average height and weight of E(exercise) group were found to be increased than those of NE(non-exercise) group. The percent of body fat and body fat mass(kg) in E group were slightly lower than those of NE group. Calorie intake of NE group was 1,664kca1 per day. This was composed of carbohydrate 60%kcal. protein 14%local and fat 24%local. Calorie, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$ and niacin intakes of NE group were lower than those of RDA and calorie intake of E group was 2.313kca1 per day. This was composed of carbohydrate 54%, protein 13% and fat 31%. Other nutrients such as iron, vitamin A, niacin and vitamin C were lower than those of RDA. Daily energy expenditure and physical activity of E group were 2,397.6$\pm$49.2kca1; 1,035.7 $\pm$36.5kcal, respectively and it was higher than those of NE group.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to estimate the nutrient intakes and food habits among preschool children in Kyungjoo city. The subjects were 210 preschool children, aged 4 - 6 years. Measurements of the weight, height, chest circumference, and head circumference of the children were conducted. And general home environment and factors related to eating habits for preschool children were collected using a questionnaire that included information about family income, parents' education and occupations. The average weight-length index (WLI) for the subjects was $103.9\%$. Using the WLI, $20.0\%$ of the preschool children were underweight, $48.6\%$ were normal, $19.0\%$ were overweight, and $12.3\%$ were obese. On the R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, $13.8\%$ of the preschool children were underweight, $38.5\%$ were normal, and $47.7\%$ were over weight or obese. The average daily intake ($\%$ of RDA) of energy and each nutrient was 1323.5 kcal ($81.3\%$), Ca 484.3 mg ($80.7\%$), Fe 7.05 mg ($88.1\%$), vitamin A 420.0 RE ($105\%$), vitamin $B_{2}$ 0.76 mg ($95.0\%$), vitamin $B_{2}$ 0.87 mg ($87.0\%$), and vitamin C 53.1 mg ($106.2\%$) , respectively. In particular, older subjects had lower intake in RDA $%$ of calcium and iron. The energy intake ratio from snacks was much higher than the recommended level of the preschool children. With regard to frequency of regularity of breakfast, $1.9\%$ of preschool children skipped every morning and $7.6\%$ of the children skipped more than 5 per week. With regard to the intake frequency of vegetables, fruits, complex carbohydrates, and milk, $13.3\%$, $19.9\%$, $22.8\%$, and $41.8\%$ of the children ate more than 5 times per week. The eating habit score was positively correlated (r = 0.18, P < 0.05) with household income. This study suggests that nutrition education to increase fruit and vegetable consumption for preschool children should be emphasized. Also a nutrition education program is needed to enhance consuming calcium and iron intake for adequate growth.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.655-662
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• 2005

Body content bone mined density and nutrient intake status of 129 college women in Daegu area are analyze4 The mean age was 23.1 years. Bone mineral density was measured in their right heel by SONOST-2000 ultrasound bone densitometer, and nutrient intake was assessed by a Questionnaire. Diet intake data were obtained by using a 24 hours recall method to evaluate the subject's usual diet. The average energy, Ca, Ee, Zn and folate intakes were 64.2, 47.5, 54.7, 62.9 and $57.4\%$ of RDA, respectively. Ca/P and Ca/Protein ratio were 0.46 and 6.7, respectively. The mean adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall dietary quality wag 0.6. The index of nutritional quality was under 1.0 for protein(0.7), vitamin A(0.9), E(0.7), $B_1(0.8)$, niacin(0.8), $B_6(0.6)$ and phosphorus(0.6). The less the protein and energy intake, the less the bone mineral density(p<0.05). The intakes of protein(p<0.05) and that of phosphorus(p<0.001) were positively correlated with bone quality index(BQI). The calcium intake was positively correlated with Z-score(p<0.05). The phosphorus intake was positively correlated with T-score(p<0.001) and Z-score(p<0.0001). In conclusion, this study indicates that nutrient intake of the college women is considerably lower than the RDA. Also the BQI is lower than standard.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.313-326
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nutrition education program for the elderly at a public health center located in Jinhae city. The one group pretest and posttest design was conducted using self-administered questionnaire survey. Nutrition education lessons based on social cognitive theory (2 hours/lesson, 3 times) were provided to 27 female elderly(${\geq}65$ yrs) for a month. After the nutrition education, number of exercise increased and preference for sweetness decreased significantly (p<0.05). The outcome expectations, the knowledge of nutrition (p<0.001), and behavioral capability (p<0.05) score were significantly increased. There were significant increases in all nutrient intake. NAR was increased significantly in protein, calcium and vitamin C (p<0.01), dietary fiber, iron, zinc, thiamin, niacin and folic acid (p<0.001), and riboflavin (p<0.05). INQ was increased significantly in thiamin, vitamin B6 and niacin (p<0.05), and dietary fiber (p<0.01). The score of nutrition education satisfaction was high (4.52). The results of this study suggested that the nutritional education program based on social cognitive theory had a positive effect on dietary behavior changes, and nutrition intake status among female elderly even after short-term intervention.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.280-288
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient and food intake status in underweight female college students living in Seoul. 126 underweight(BMI<20) and 74 normal weight (20$\leq$BMI<25) students were asked for their daily food intake and eating habits by using 3-day food records and questionnaire. We analyzed the amounts of the nutrient intakes and food groups as the subjects. The mean of height and weight were 162.1cm and 49.0kg in underweight and 160.6cm and 54.9kg in normal weight subjects. The mean energy, iron, and vitamin A intakes among the students were smaller than RDA for Koreans. The mean calcium(p<0.01), sodium(p<0.05), and vitamin B$_2$(p<0.05) intakes in underweight subjects were significantly higher than those in normal weight subjects. Total food intakes of underweight and normal weight students were 1235.8g and 1078.1g, respectively. The mean of the pulse group in the underweight was significantly higher than that in normal group(p<0.01) Frequently consumed food or dish items of the subjects were Kimchi, cooked rice, and milk. In the relation between BMI and dietary factors, the BMI was found to have a significant negative correlation with calcium intake(p<0.05), pulse intake(p<0.01) and eating habit score(p<0.01) Eating habit scores about quantity of food and lipid intake showed a significant difference between underweight and normal students.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.98-110
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• 2003

65세 이상 노인 204명(남자 94명, 여자 110명))을 대상으로 영양소섭취상태와 영양지식점수를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 연령분포는 65~74세 99명(48.5%), 75세 이상 105명(51.5%)이었으며, 가정 총 수입은 99만원 이하 47명(23%), 100만원에서 199만원 115명(56.4%), 200만원이상 42명(20.6%)으로 나타났다. 가족 형태는 핵가족 97명(47.5%), 확대가족 107명(52.5%)이었다. 2)권장량에 비해서 높게 섭취하는 에너지 및 영양소는 단백질, 비타민 C, 비타민 $B_1$.나이아신 및 인 등이었으며 에너지 섭취량이 남자보다 여자가 많았다. 비타민 $B_2$의 경우, 남녀 모두 가장 낮은 섭취상태를 보였고, 칼슘 역시 낮은 섭취상태를 나타내었다. 3) 영양소 적정섭취비(NAR)는 비타민 $B_2$,가 가장 낮아 0.66이었고, 칼슘 역시 0.68로 낮은 값을 보였으며, 가장 높dms 영양소 적정섭취비는 인으로서 남녀전체 0.99, 남자 1.0을 나타내었다. 평균적정섭취비(MAR)는 65~74세 집단에서 남자가 여자보다 높아 남자노인의 식사의 질이 여자노인의 식사의 질보다 높았다. 모든 대상자의 영양의 질적지수(INQ)는 비타민 $B_2$,(0.71)와 칼슘(0.76)을 제외하고 모든 영양소의 값이 1을 넘어섰다. 4) 영양지식점수를 상, 중, 하의 3 집단으로 분류하여 영양소 섭취량(%RDA)을 비교할 때 상 점수 집단이 하 점수집단보다 에너지, 단백질, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$.나이아신 및 철의 섭취량이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 영양지식점수 상 집단에서는 단백질, 비타민 C, 비타민 Bl 등의 섭취량이 권장량에 비하여 매우 높았고, 부족 되는 영양소인 비타민 B2와 칼슘은 권장량에 비하여 매우 낮았다. 5) 영양지식점수는 연령과는 매우 유의 적인 음(r=-0.398)의 상관관계가, MAR(r=0.152), 단백질(r=0.151) 등은 유의 적인 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 가장 부족하게 섭취하는 영양소는 비타민 $B_2$와 칼슘으로 나타났다. 반면 인의 섭취량은 권장량을 상회하는 높은 섭취량을 보였으며, 따라서 인과 칼슘의 비가 2를 넘어섰다. 이는 노인의 골격상태에 나쁜 요인으로 작용 할까 우려된다. 또한 영양지식점수가 높은 집단에서도 비타민 $B_2$와 칼슘이 권장량에 비해서 매우 낮은 섭취상태를 보였고, 또한 권장량에 비해서 지나치게 초과 섭취하는 영양소 등이 있음은 올바른 영양소 섭취가 이루어지지 않았음을 나타내었다. 이론적 지식이 실천적 지식으로 활동될 수 있는, 개개인 노인에게 적합한 영양교육이 이루어질 수 있는 방안이 연구되어야 한다고 생각한다.