• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.46-56
• /
• 2016

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy of a mouthwash containing potassium nitrate ($KNO_3$) as its main component, along with sodium fluoride (NaF) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The primary endpoint was the relief of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) against the cold stimuli. The effects on other DH tests and periodontal inflammation were also evaluated. Methods: We used a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design. A total of 82 patients with DH (40 in the test group, 42 placebo controls) were analyzed using visual analog scales (VASs) for a cold test, a tactile test, a compressive air test, and self-reported pain during daily activities, as well as clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), gingival recession, and probing depth, which were collected at baseline and after four and six weeks of mouthwash use. Results: VAS scores for cold sensations, tactile sensations, the compressive air test, and self-reported pain significantly decreased from baseline during the six weeks in both groups (P<0.01), and no significant differences between the groups were found. In male patients (10 in the test group and 7 in the control group), both groups showed significant reductions in VAS scores for the cold test over the six weeks, and greater reductions were found in the test group than in the control group between four and six weeks (P=0.01) and between baseline and six weeks (P<0.01). In addition, the mSBI in the test group significantly decreased from baseline during the six weeks (P<0.01), and the changes at four and six weeks from baseline were significantly greater in the test group compared to the control group (P=0.03 and P=0.02, respectively). Conclusions: A mouthwash containing a mixture of $KNO_3$, NaF, and CPC reduced DH and gingival inflammation, however, the efficacy was comparable to the control group.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.205-214
• /
• 2009

This paper addresses analyzing affective color data for emotional interior design. Both the physical and psychological patterns for spatial colors were tested on thirty subjects, of which fifteen were male. All subjects participated in both the physiological and psychological experiments. The data on the reflecting subjects' affective moods is gathered through EEG physical experiments and SD (Semantic Differential Scale) method surveys. This research has suggested the relation of both experiments through affective color response. The methods of SPSS 10.0 and TeleScan Version 2 are used for analyzing response data to coordinate the colour palette with changeable moods. From the analysis of statistical data, all of the visual stimuli related emotional keywords and physiological responses. Finally, the initial goal of this research is to construct an affective colour database that is tested through human color perception by physical and psychological experiments.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.59 no.2
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 2016

Hair is a dermal adjunctive organ that protects the body from external physical and chemical stimuli; hair undergoes anagen, catagen, and telogen phases, with hair-loss occurring during the telogen phase. Alopecia is a condition wherein a person undergoes hair-loss far exceeding the normal amount, owing to diverse external factors. Wild beans are rich in isoflavone and amino acids known to prevent hair-loss; compared to cultivated beans, many wild bean species have higher protein content. This study aimed to develop a hair growth promoting solution, with superior hair growth promoting effects and fewer side effects, using naturally obtained Glycine soja Siebold et Zucc (GSSZ) extracts. Seven-week-old C57BL/6N male mice were classified into different experimental groups. Hair growth was observed in GSSZ-treated mice, and compared against that seen in 3 % minoxidil (MXD, positive control)-treated mice. Visual observations revealed a greater reduction in hair-loss in MXD and GSSZ application groups, compared to that in TXN group (hair loss induction using 1 % testosterone). Evaluation using an image analysis software revealed that compared to the positive control, TXN + GSSZ group showed the highest hair growth. TXN + MXD and control groups exhibited similar follicular cell growth, while the hair growth promotion patterns were similar in the negative control (normal), TXN + GSSZ, and TXN groups, as observed via histological analysis. GSSZ did not induce cytotoxicity (even at 2 mg/mL) in keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells; alternately, dermal papilla cell proliferation was activated in a (GSSZ) concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, the GSSZ extract promoted hair growth and increased hair growth-related cell activity, and could therefore be utilized in alopecia treatment.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.914-924
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we implement an Android application for infant language education using marker-based augmented reality. Combining animal word markers (noun), size/color word markers (adjective), and action word markers (verb) in puzzle form to make a simple sentence, the application shows virtual contents related to the content of the sentence. For example, when an animal marker is showed up on a camera, the corresponding animal appears. Additionally, when the motion markers are combined, the animal's appearance changes into an animation in which it acts. When a user touched a marker, user can hear the sound of the word, which gives an auditory effect, and by adding the rotation function, user can see the animation in any direction. Our goal is to increase infants' interest in learning language and also increase the effectiveness of education on the meaning of words and the structure of simple sentences, by encouraging them to actively participate in language learning through visual and auditory stimuli.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.545-550
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: With increasing land use intensity in urban areas, apartment buildings have been recognized as a typical type of urban residence. In this study, the impacts of different views through a window on health-related responses were investigated using psychological and physiological parameters. Methods: Photos of three different types of views taken on low (2-12 m), middle (28-35 m), and high (over 54 m) floors of dense apartment building areas were used as visual stimuli. Twenty-two healthy adults participated in the indoor experiment. Semantic differential methods and profile of mood states were used as psychological tools. Autonomic nervous activity was evaluated using blood pressures, pulse rate and heart rate variability (HRV). Results: Analytic data showed different characteristics of psychological and physiological outcomes in three different apartment views. In the analysis of psychological parameters, significantly negative responses to the views on middle floors were found in the subscales of tension-anxiety and anger-hostility, compared to low floors. Significantly positive scores in the subscale of vigor were found on low floors with abundance of vegetation and high floors with a view of the sky. A significantly increased value of HF was found on low floors (2,294.96 ± 169.79), compared to the middle(1,553.45 ± 84.66) and high (1,523.02 ± 70.49) floors. Despite the high scores in openness and vigor, high floor views showed significantly higher LF/HF values (1.83 ± 0.09), the indicator of the sympathetic nervous system, than low (1.30 ± 0.07) and middle floor views (1.34 ± 0.06), which might be related to the unconscious fear of heights. Conclusion: Views from different heights in an apartment building can affect the psychological states of residents. Green space through the window may have a positive health outcome by reducing physiological stress.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 2007

A review of recent studies indicates that positive emotions help buffer stress. In particular, humor is what only human can appreciate. Humor plays an important role in many facets of human life including psychological, social, and somatic functioning. This study is to identify children's ANS responses by humor or joy using audio-visual film clips. 49 male and female children (12-13 years) participated in this study. The participants were briefed on the experiment was its procedure. During the experiment, electrodes were attached to participant and middle fingers of left hands. Physiological responses(EDA, SKT, PPG and ECG) were measured for 30s both in the resting state and experiment state during which emotion provoking stimulus was presented for 2 min. Also, self-report on emotions was followed for 1 min. Results from the self-report showed that both humor and joy were evoked effectively among 89.3% of children. It explains that emotion-eliciting stimuli were effective and appropriate. ANS responses in both emotion were significant in three physiological variables (i.e., SCL, NSCR, LF). There was a significant difference between humor emotion and joy emotion, and both emotions were distinguishable by a specific ANS response pattern.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.23-40
• /
• 2002

This study is to examine brain regions that are involved in picture encoding in normal adults using fMRI methods. In Scan 1, the picture encoding was studied during a semantic categorization task in comparison with word. In Scan 2 task type effects were studied both during a picture naming task and during a semantic categorization task with pictures. Subjects were asked to make decision either by pressing a mouse button (Scan 1) or by responding subvocally (naming or saying yes/no) (Scan 2). Regardless of stimulus type, left prefrontal, bilateral occipital, and parietal activations were observed during semantic processing in comparison with fixation baseline. Processing of word stimulus relative to picture resulted in activations in prefrontal and parieto-temporal regions in the left side while that of picture stimulus relative to word resultd in activations in bilateral extrastriatal visual cortices and parahippocampal regions. In spite of the same task demands, stimulus-specific information processings were involved and mediated by different neural substrates; the word encoding was associated with more semantic/lexical processings than pictures and the picture processing associated with more perceptual and novelty related information processings than word. Activations of dorsal part of inferior prefrontal region, i.e., Broca's areas were found both during the picture naming and during the semantic tasks subvocally performed Especially, during the picture naming task, greater occipital activations were found bilaterally relative to the semantic categorization task. indicating a possibility that greater and higher visual processing was involved in retrieving the name referred by picture stimuli.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.213-232
• /
• 2014

Sensitivity to online store stimuli (VMD attributes) and response (online store loyalty) may depend upon consumers' regulatory focus (emotional state). In other words, consumers' sensitivity to online store atmosphere and consequent store loyalty can be influenced by the match between their regulatory focus (promotion focused vs. prevention focused) and the type of the online store VMD benefits Study 1 results indicate consumers have a different evaluation about online store atmosphere depending on their regulatory focus. Promotion-focused consumers were significantly more sensitive to visual appeal and entertainment attributes of online store atmospherics than prevention-focused consumers. Conversely, prevention-focused consumers were significantly more sensitive to security and privacy attributes of online store, than promotion-focused consumers. Study 2 results indicate for promotion-focused shoppers, hedonic value toward online store atmosphere was associated with greater online store loyalty. In contrast, prevention-focused shoppers were influenced more by the utilitarian attributes on online store loyalty than promotion-focused shoppers. The current findings indicate that shoppers with promotion-focused are more easily persuaded by visual and entertainment-oriented online store cues. Conversely, shoppers with prevention-focus are more easily persuaded by safety and privacy-oriented online store cues.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2003

This study investigated how cognitive style and training context influenced visual discrimination skill acquisition and transfer under time pressure. This experiment consisted of a screening session, a training session, and a transfer session using random polygon comparison tasks. Screening session was designed to separate participants according to their cognitive style (analytic or holistic). Training session was divided into difficult and easy conditions. In transfer session, participants compared polygon pairs in a novel task. The stimuli were presented for 1.5 seconds to examine the influence of time pressure. Through the all sessions, this experiment measured accuracy and response time. According to the results of this study, analytic group responded as quickly as holistic group in the beginning of training session because time pressure induced them to the holistic strategy. However, as training session progressed, their slopes of reaction time increased, suggesting that their own analytic style emerged. Holistic group showed flatter slopes than did analytic group for training session. Of interest is the slopes increased at the beginning of transfer session, suggesting that they developed analytic strategies in difficult training context. It is suggested individuals differently develop strategic processing skills depending on cognitive styles even under time pressure.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.115-128
• /
• 2018

Understanding the process of spatial perception plays a significant role in the design process as well as in the use of actual spaces. The perception of spatial depth can vary according to the space composition and design even there is no change in the actual size of the space. The properties of 3-dimensional space are its width, height, and depth; however, compared to the perception of spatial width and height, little research and theories exist on spatial depth perception. The reasons may be there less interest lies in the effect of spatial depth perception than that of spaciousness or height of space. This study is an investigation of the process of spatial depth perception using an eye-tracking device with stimuli developed through Computer Graphics. A total of 44 interior design major students participated in the eye tracking experiment; and they looked at three images comprised of an identical room with only changes in the rear wall condition. The results show that a significant difference in the fixation duration per stimulus exists. In addition, a significant difference exists on the fixation duration per stimulus according to the participants' answer of the deepest space. The result of this study can help identify factors for spatial depth perception, validate the assumption on it, and provide knowledge on how to acquire desirable spatial depth by utilizing the research result.