• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.174-175
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• 2012

(In, Ga) N-based III-nitride semiconductor materials have been viewed as the most promising materials for the applications of blue and green light emitting devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes. Although the InGaN alloy can have wide range of visible wavelength by changing the In composition, it is very hard to grow high quality epilayers of In-rich InGaN because of the thermal instability as well as the large lattice and thermal mismatches. In order to avoid phase separation of InGaN, various kinds of structures of InGaN have been studied. If high-quality In-rich InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structures are available, it is expected to achieve highly efficient phosphor-free white LEDs. In this study, we proposed a novel InGaN double hetero-structure grown on GaN nano-pyramids to generate broad-band red-color emission with high quantum efficiency. In this work, we systematically studied the optical properties of the InGaN pyramid structures. The nano-sized hexagonal pyramid structures were grown on the n-type GaN template by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. SiNx mask was formed on the n-type GaN template with uniformly patterned circle pattern by laser holography. GaN pyramid structures were selectively grown on the opening area of mask by lateral over-growth followed by growth of InGaN/GaN double hetero-structure. The bird's eye-view scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows that uniform hexagonal pyramid structures are well arranged. We showed that the pyramid structures have high crystal quality and the thickness of InGaN is varied along the height of pyramids via transmission electron microscope. Because the InGaN/GaN double hetero-structure was grown on the nano-pyramid GaN and on the planar GaN, simultaneously, we investigated the comparative study of the optical properties. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of nano-pyramid sample and planar sample measured at 10 K. Although the growth condition were exactly the same for two samples, the nano-pyramid sample have much lower energy emission centered at 615 nm, compared to 438 nm for planar sample. Moreover, nano-pyramid sample shows broad-band spectrum, which is originate from structural properties of nano-pyramid structure. To study thermal activation energy and potential fluctuation, we measured PL with changing temperature from 10 K to 300 K. We also measured PL with changing the excitation power from 48 ${\mu}W$ to 48 mW. We can discriminate the origin of the broad-band spectra from the defect-related yellow luminescence of GaN by carrying out PL excitation experiments. The nano-pyramid structure provided highly efficient broad-band red-color emission for the future applications of phosphor-free white LEDs.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.288-292
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• 2009

LPD법을 이용하여 유리 기판 위에 발수/친수 패터닝 기판을 제조하였다. 발수 표면은 거친 표면을 갖는 ZnO 박막을 FAS를 이용한 표면 개질에 의하여 만들어졌고, 친수 표면은 자외선을 조사하여 FAS를 제거함으로써 만들어졌다. Hexagonal ZnO rod는 LPD법에 의하여 ZnO seed 층이 코팅된 유리 기판 위에 수직으로 성장되었다. 침적시간이 증가함에 따라 ZnO rod의 직경과 두께는 증가하였다. 제조된 ZnO 박막의 표면구조, 두께, 결정구조, 투과율과 접촉각은 FE-SEM, XRD, UV-vis와 contact angle meter를 이용하여 측정하였다. $20^{\circ}{\sim}30^{\circ}$의 접촉각을 갖는 친수 ZnO 박막은 FAS 표면 처리에 의해 $145^{\circ}{\sim}161^{\circ}$의 접촉각을 갖는 표면으로 바뀌었다. 제조된 발수 표면은 $300\;{\mu}m$, 3 mm의 dot size를 갖는 shadow mask를 이용하여 자외선을 조사하여 패터닝 되었다. 최종적으로 자외선이 조사된 발수 표면은 친수 표면으로 바뀌었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1491-1504
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• 2012

InP quantum dot (QD)-organosilicon nanocomposites were synthesized and their photoluminescence quenching was mainly investigated because of their applicability to white LEDs (light emitting diodes). The as-synthesized InP QDs are capped with myristic acid (MA), which are incompatible with typical silicone encapsulants. We have introduced a new ligand, 3-aminopropyldimethylsilane (APDMS), which enables embedding the QDs into vinyl-functionalized silicones through direct chemical bonding. The exchange of ligand from MA to APDMS does not significantly affect the UV absorbance of the InP QDs, but quenches the PL to about 10% of its original value with the relative increase in surface related emission intensities, which is explained by stronger coordination of the APDMS ligands to the surface indium atoms. InP QD-organosilicon nanocomposites were synthesized by connecting the QDs using a short cross-linker such as 1,4-divinyltetramethylsilylethane (DVMSE) by the hydrosilylation reaction. The formation and changes in the optical properties of the InP QD-organosilicon nanocomposite were monitored by ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) absorbance and steady state photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. As the hydrosilylation reaction proceeds, the QD-organosilicon nanocomposite is formed and grows in size, causing an increase in the UV-vis absorbance due to the scattering effect. At the same time, the PL spectrum is red-shifted and, very interestingly, the PL is quenched gradually. Three PL quenching mechanisms are regarded as strong candidates for the PL quenching of the QD nanocomposites, namely the scattering effect, F$\ddot{o}$rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and cross-linker tension preventing the QD's surface relaxation.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2016

We prepared polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads with a particle size of 80 nm to improve the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) by increasing the effective surface area and the dye absorption ability of the working electrodes (WEs) in a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). We prepared the $TiO_2$ layer with PMMA beads of 0.0~1.0 wt%; then, finally, a DSSC with $0.45cm^2$ active area was obtained. Optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of the $TiO_2$ layer with PMMA. UV-VIS-NIR was used to determine the optical absorbance of the WEs with PMMA. A solar simulator and a potentiostat were used to determine the photovoltaic properties of the PMMA-added DSSC. Analysis of the microstructure showed that pores of 200 nm were formed by the decomposition of PMMA. Also, root mean square values linearly increased as more PMMA was added. The absorbance in the visible light regime was found to increase as the degree of PMMA dispersion increased. The ECE increased from 4.91% to 5.35% when the amount of PMMA beads added was increased from 0.0 to 0.4 wt%. However, the ECE decreased when more than 0.6 wt% of PMMA was added. Thus, adding a proper amount of PMMA to the $TiO_2$ layer was determined to be an effective method for improving the ECE of a DSSC.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2004

For improving solar efficiencies, down conversion of high-energy photons to visible lights is discussed. The losses due to thermalization of charge carriers generated by the absorption of high-energy photons, can largely be reduced in a solar cell if more than one electron-hole pair can be generated per incident photon. The solar cell was constructed of dye-sensitized anatase-based TiO$_2$, approximately 30nm particle size, 6$\mu\textrm{m}$thickness, and 6${\times}$6$\textrm{mm}^2$ active area, Pt counter electrode and I$_3$$\^$-/I$_2$$\^$-/ electrolyte. After correction for losses due to light reflection and absorption by the conducting glass, the conversion of photons to electric current is practically quantitative in the plateau region of the curves. The incident photon to current conversion efficiency(IPCE) of N3 used as a dye in this work is about 80% at around 590nm and 610nm which is the emission spectrum of Eu doped LGF. The Eu doped LGF powder was prepared by conventional ceramic process, and used as a down converter for DSC after spin coated on the slide glass and fired.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.829-836
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• 2013

석탄을 개질한 합성천연가스의 조성에 변화가 있을 경우 화염의 연소특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 동축 공기 합성천연가스 확산화염을 구현하여 연료조성에 따른 화염안정성과 화염구조, 분광특성, 온도분포를 실험적인 방법으로 연구하는 것이다. 각 화염의 분광특성을 관찰하기 위하여 분광기를 사용하였으며 연소장 내 온도측정을 위하여 K 형 열전대를 사용하였다. 연료 분사기 출구속도는 $u_F$ =5~40 m/s 사이에서 조절하였고 공기 분사기 출구속도는 $u_A$ =0~0.43 m/s 사이에서 조절하였다. 연소 동특성에 대한 실험을 통해 합성천연가스에 수소 성분이 증가하면 화염안정화 영역이 증가하고 부상화염 높이가 낮아져 화염길이가 짧아지는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.185-185
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• 2011

ZnTe semiconductor is very attractive materials for optoelectronic devices in the visible green spectral region because of it has direct bandgap of 2.26 eV. The prototypes of ZnTe light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been reported [1], showing that their green emission peak closely matches the most sensitive region of the human eye. Another application to photovoltaics proved that ZnTe is useful for the production of high-efficiency multi-junction solar cells [2,3]. By using the pulse laser deposition system, ZnTe thin films were deposited on ZnO thin layer, which is grown on (0001) Al2O3substrates. To produce the plasma plume from an ablated ZnO and ZnTe target, a pulsed (10 Hz) YGA:Nd laser with energy density of 95 mJ/$cm^2$ and wavelength of 266 nm by a nonlinear fourth harmonic generator was used. The laser spot focused on the surface of the ZnO and ZnTe target by using an optical lens was approximately 1 mm2. The base pressure of the chamber was kept at a pressure around $10^{-6}$ Torr by using a turbo molecular pump. The oxygen gas flow was controlled around 3 sccm by using a mass flow controller system. During the ZnTe deposition, the substrate temperature was $400^{\circ}C$ and the ambient gas pressure was $10^{-2}$ Torr. The structural properties of the samples were analyzed by XRD measurement. The optical properties were investigated by using the photoluminescence spectra obtained with a 325 nm wavelength He-Cd laser. The film surface and carrier concentration were analyzed by an atomic force microscope and Hall measurement system.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.587-591
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• 2007

본 연구는 유기발광디바이스용 적색형광물질인 6-(10-알킬페노티아진-3-비닐렌)-2-메틸-4-디시아노메틸렌-4H-피란 합성에 관한 것으로서 유도체들은 Knoevenagel 축합반응에 의하여 합성되었다. 이들은 전자공여성의 6-(10-알킬페노티아진-3-비닐렌)기와 전자흡인성의 2-메틸-4-디시아노메틸렌-4H-피란의 공액구조를 가지고 있다. 합성한 물질은 각각 FT-IR, $^1H-NMR$ 등을 통하여 그의 구조적 특성을 확인하였고, 융점, 수득율을 통하여 열적 안정성, 반응성 등을 확인하였으며, UV-visible과 PL분석으로부터 이 형광재료들의 광학적 특성을 확인하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.817-821
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• 2008

We have investigated the influence of the crystal structure on the chemical bonding nature and photocatalytic activity of cubic and hexagonal perovskite A[$Cr_{1/2}Ta_{1/2}$]O3 (A = Sr, Ba) compounds. According to neutron diffraction and field emission-scanning electron microscopy, the crystal structure and particle size of these compounds are strongly dependent on the nature of A-site cations. Also, it was found that the face-shared octahedra in the hexagonal phase are exclusively occupied by chromium ions, suggesting the presence of metallic (Cr-Cr) bonds. X-ray absorption and diffuse UV-vis spectroscopic analyses clearly demonstrated that, in comparison with cubic Sr[$Cr_{1/2}Ta_{1/2}$]$O_3$ phase, hexagonal Ba[$Cr_{1/2}Ta_{1/2}$]$O_3$ phase shows a decrease of Cr oxidation state as well as remarkable changes in interband Cr d-d transitions, which can be interpreted as a result of metallic (Cr-Cr) interactions. According to the test of photocatalytic activity, the present semiconducting materials have a distinct activity against the photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol. Also the Srbased compound was found to show a higher photocatalytic activity than the Ba-based one, which is attributable to its smaller particle size and its stronger absorption in visible light region.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 라벤더 오일을 심물질로 이용하여 나노크기의 폴리(비닐 아세테이트)(poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc) 방향 입자를 유화-확산법으로 제조하였다. 방향 물질의 방출 시기와 속도 조절로 방향 캡슐의 지속성과 내구성을 얻기 위하여 제조 조건에 따른 나노 방향 입자의 특성과 방출 거동을 주사 전자 현미경, 전기 영동 광산란 분광 분석기, 자외선-가시광선 분광 분석기 및 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 고찰하였다. 제조된 방향 입자는 실험 조건을 조절함에 따라 평균 입자 크기가 224 nm인 구상 나노 입자로 제조하는 것이 가능하였으며, 170시간 동안의 방출 거동을 비교.평가한 결과 PVA로 코팅한 방향 입자가 더 지속적이고 안정적인 초기 방출 거동을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 PVAc 나노 방향 입자는 직물 및 피혁제품 등에 대한 내구성 방향가공에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.