• 식물병연구
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.304-311
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• 2024

There are concerns about the introduction and spread of plant pests and pathogens with globalization and climate change. As commercial control agents have not been developed for plant viruses, it is important to prevent virus spread. In this study, we developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method to rapidly diagnose and control three DNA (papaya golden mosaic virus, Lindernia anagallis yellow vein virus, and melon chlorotic leaf curl virus) and two RNA (papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus and lettuce chlorosis virus) viruses that infect papaya. Specific primer sets were designed for the virus coat protein. Performing PCR, clear bands were observed with no non-specific reaction. Our multiplex PCR method can simultaneously detect small amounts of DNA/RNA to diagnose five viruses infecting papaya and prevent the spread of the virus.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2014

Pig chronic wasting disease, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), have made a continuous economic damage in pig farms. Airborne spread of livestock viruses are an important spread factor which is difficult to analyze due to invisible airflow and limitation of measurement. The objective of this study is to analyze airborne disease spread between buildings in the experimental pig farm by means of field experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The field experiments were conducted to capture airborne virus using air sampler and teflon filter along multi points in the experimental pig farm. The samples were tested in terms of virus detection resulting in positive reaction for PRRS and PCV-2 viruses, which can be a firm evidence of airborne virus spread. The CFD simulation model was developed by considering complex topography, wind conditions, building arrangement, and ventilation systems and was used to analyze airborne virus spread according to different wind conditions. The CFD computed result showed a possibility of airborne virus spread via livestock aerosol from infected pig house to neighboring pig houses according to wind directions. The CFD simulation technique is expected to provide significant data for estimating and making a counterplan against airborne disease spread.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

Accurate wind data is essential for predicting airborne spread of virus. OpenFOAM was used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation procedure which is under GNU GPL (General Public License). Using complex terrain, DEM (Digital Elevation Map) that was prepared from GIS information covering a research site is converted to a three dimensional surface mesh that is composed by quad and full hexahedral space meshes. Around this surface mesh, an extended computational domain volume was designed. Atmospheric flow boundary conditions were used at inlet and roughness height and was considered at terrain by using rough wall function. Two different wind conditions that was relatively stable during certain periods were compared in 3 different locations for validating the accuracy of the CFD computed solution. The result shows about 10 % of difference between the calculated result and measured data. This procedure can simulate a prediction of time-series data for airborne virus spread that can be used to make a web-based forecasting system of airborne virus spread.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.102-113
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• 2009

The SARS virus began to appear and spread in North America and Southeast Asia in the early 2000' s, infecting and harming many people. In the process of examining the causes for the virus, studies on the airborne SARS virus and the way it spread were carried out mainly in the medical field. In the field of architecture, studies were done on the diffusion of air pollutants in buildings using gases such as $CO_2$, $N_2O$, or $SF_6$, but research on virus diffusion was limited. There were also explanations of only the diffusion process without accurate information and discussion on virus characteristics. The aim of this study is to analyze the physical characteristics of airborne virus, consider the possibility of using coupled analysis model and tracer gas for analyzing virus diffusion in building space and, based on reports of how the infection spread in a hospital where SARS patients were discovered, analyze infection risk using tracer gas density and also diffusion patterns according to the location, shape, and volume of supply diffusers and exhaust grilles. This paper can provide standards and logical principles for evaluating various alternatives for making decisions on vertical or horizontal ward placement, air supply and exhaust installation and air volumes in medium or high story medical facilities.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.377-389
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• 2024

The possibility of new viruses emerging in various regions worldwide has increased due to a combination of factors, including climate change and the expansion of international trading. Plant viruses spread through various transmission routes, encompassing well-known avenues such as pollen, seeds, and insects. However, research on potential transmission routes beyond these known mechanisms has remained limited. To address this gap, this study employed metatranscriptomic analysis to ascertain the presence of plant viruses in imported frozen fruits, specifically cherries and blueberries. This analysis aimed to identify pathways through which plant viruses may be introduced into countries. Virome analysis revealed the presence of six species of plant viruses in frozen cherries and blueberries: cherry virus A (CVA), prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), prune dwarf virus (PDV), prunus virus F (PrVF), blueberry shock virus (BlShV), and blueberry latent virus (BlLV). Identifying these potential transmission routes is crucial for effectively managing and preventing the spread of plant viruses and crop protection. This study highlights the importance of robust quality control measures and monitoring systems for frozen fruits, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to mitigate the risk associated with the potential spread of plant viruses.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.179-188
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• 1971

There is a good evidence that tabacco necrosis virus, lettuce big vein virus, and tabacoo stunt virus are transmitted by Oplidium brassicae, although absolute proof in aspetic condition is lakcing. Some evidence suggests that polymyxa graminis may be involved in transmission of wheat mosaic virus. One report claims that Synchytrium endobioticum can transmit potato virus X. The cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, is known to act as a hose of a virus and is apparently involved in the spread of the virus.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2021

2019년 말 코로나19(중증급성 호흡기 증후군 코로나 바이러스 타입 2)가 발견된 이후로 전세계적으로 퍼져나가고 있다. 본 연구에서는 접촉자 발견 수준이 바이러스 전파에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해서 현재 대한민국의 코로나19 전파 상황을 반영한 에이전트 기반 시뮬레이션 모델을 소개한다. 본 연구에서는 실제적인 시뮬레이션 모델 개발을 위해 대한민국 내 관련 데이터를 수집하고 그 확률분포를 추정하였다. 감염, 격리, 회복, 사망의 전체 감염 프로세스를 도식화하였으며 사람들의 상호작용을 교통량 데이터를 기반으로 하여 모델링 하였다. 사회적 거리 두기 같은 정부 시책에 대한 사람들의 순응도를 반영하기 위해 합성 로지스틱 함수를 활용하였다. 접촉자 발견 수준에 따른 감염 양상 변화를 파악하기 위해 발견 수준을 0%에서 100%까지 변화 시켰다. 그 결과 적극적인 접촉자 추적이 바이러스 확산을 효과적으로 제한하고 제한의 효과가 접촉자 발견 수준이 증가함에 따라 기하급수적으로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.10.1-10.7
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• 2015

Control and prevention of foot and mouth disease (FMD) by vaccination remains unsatisfactory in endemic countries. Indeed, consistent and new FMD epidemics in previously disease-free countries have precipitated the need for a worldwide control strategy. Outbreaks in vaccinated animals require that a new and safe vaccine be developed against foot and mouth virus (FMDV). FMDV can be eradicated worldwide based on previous scientific information about its spread using existing and modern control strategies.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1968

From 1962 to 1968, serum samples were collected from fowls of six provinces in Korea. The investigator tested for serum neutralizing antibody against the Beaudette strain of intecfious bronchitis virus. Twenty(40 percent)serum samples out of fifty revealed a neutralization index of more than 30. Neuralizing antibodies of infectious bronchitis virus are widely spread among chickens in Korea. Intensive poultry farming zones, adult chickens have been neutralizing antibody of infectious bronchitis virus.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2022

Background: In South Korea, African swine fever virus (ASFV) has spread among wild boars through Gangwon-do to Dangyang-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do on the southern border of Gangwon-do. To prevent the spread of ASFV to African swine fever (ASF)-free areas, it is necessary to identify areas with a high probability of finding ASFV-infected carcasses and to reduce the density of wild boars in those areas. In this study, we described the propagation trend of ASFV among wild boars, constructed the habitat suitability maps for ASFV-infected carcasses, and suggested areas with a high probability of finding ASFV-infected carcasses and an important route of ASFV transmission. Results: Despite the active quarantine policies in Korea to prevent the spread of ASFV through wild boars, there was no significant difference in the monthly average of number of ASFV-infected carcasses observed between 2020 and 2021. The ASFV-infected carcasses were found more in winter and spring (January to April). Since the first ASF outbreak in wild boars on October 2, 2019, the maximum width of ASFV-infected carcass distribution area was 222.7 km for about 26 months till November 20, 2021. The habitat suitability map, based on GPS coordinates of ASFV-infected wild boar carcasses, shows that highly detectable areas of ASFV-infected carcasses were sporadically dispersed in western and southwestern parts of Gangwon-do, and ranged from north to south of the province along the Baekdudaegan Mountains, whereas poorly detectable areas ranged along the north to the south in the middle parts of the province. Conclusions: Our suitability model, based on the GPS coordinates of ASFV-infected carcasses, identifies potential habitats where ASFV-infected carcasses are likely to be found and ponential routes where ASFV is likely to spread. Among ASF-free areas, the areas with high suitability predicted in this study should be given priority as survey areas to find ASFV-infected carcasses and hunting areas to reduce wild boar populations.